Diagnosed Gonorrhea Among Privately Insured Women: Analysis of United States Claims Data Article Swipe
YOU?
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· 2023
· Open Access
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· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2023.0006
Background: Gonorrhea incidence in the United States has risen by nearly 50% in the last decade, while screening rates have increased. Gonorrhea sequelae rates could indicate whether increased gonorrhea incidence is due to better screening. We estimated the association of gonorrhea diagnosis with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), ectopic pregnancy (EP), and tubal factor infertility (TFI) in women and detected changes in associations over time. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 5,553,506 women aged 18-49 tested for gonorrhea in the IBM MarketScan claims administrative database from 2013-2018 in the United States. We estimated incidence rates and hazard ratios (HRs) of gonorrhea diagnosis for each outcome, adjusting for potential confounders using Cox proportional hazards models. We tested the interaction between gonorrhea diagnosis and the initial gonorrhea test year to identify changes in associations over time. Results: We identified 32,729 women with a gonorrhea diagnosis (mean follow-up time in years: PID = 1.73, EP = 1.75, TFI = 1.76). A total of 131,500 women were diagnosed with PID, 64,225 had EP, and 41,507 had TFI. Women with gonorrhea diagnoses had greater incidence per 1000 person-years for all outcomes (PID = 33.5, EP = 9.4, TFI = 5.3) compared to women without gonorrhea diagnoses (PID = 13.9, EP = 6.7, TFI = 4.3). After adjustment, HRs were higher in women with a gonorrhea diagnosis vs. those without [PID = 2.29 (95% confidence interval, CI: 2.15-2.44), EP = 1.57, (95% CI: 1.41-1.76), TFI = 1.70 (95% CI: 1.47-1.97)]. The interaction of gonorrhea diagnosis and test year was not significant, indicating no change in relationship by initial test year. Conclusion: The relationship between gonorrhea and reproductive outcomes has persisted, suggesting a higher disease burden.
Related Topics
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2023.0006
- OA Status
- green
- References
- 26
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4382517094
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4382517094Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2023.0006Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Diagnosed Gonorrhea Among Privately Insured Women: Analysis of United States Claims DataWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2023Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2023-06-29Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Emily A. Groene, Faye L. Norby, Anne Eaton, Susan M. Mason, Eva A. Enns, Shalini Kulasingam, David M. VockList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2023.0006Publisher landing page
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
greenOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10510688/pdf/jwh.2023.0006.pdfDirect OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Gonorrhea, Medicine, Incidence (geometry), Pelvic inflammatory disease, Hazard ratio, Obstetrics, Gynecology, Confidence interval, Demography, Internal medicine, Family medicine, Physics, Optics, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), SociologyTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
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0Total citation count in OpenAlex
- References (count)
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26Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
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10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.7900000214576721 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Good health and well-being |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.15742233 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |