Dielectrically Monitored Flow Synthesis of Functional Vaccine Adjuvant Mixtures via Microwave-Assisted Catalytic Chain Transfer Processing Article Swipe
Cordula Hege
,
Ian Hamilton
,
Adam A. Dundas
,
Kevin Adlington
,
Edward R. Walker
,
Helena Henke
,
Kaiyang Wang
,
Georgios Dimitrakis
,
Adam Buttress
,
Chris Dodds
,
Christopher B. Fox
,
Derek J. Irvine
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/chemistry7010010
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/chemistry7010010
A novel flow process to produce low-molecular-weight (Mwt) methacrylate oligomer mixtures that have potential as vaccine adjuvants and chain transfer agents (CTAs) is reported. The chemistry and process were designed to significantly reduce the number of stages required to manufacture methyl methacrylate oligomer-in-monomer mixtures with an oligomer Mwt range of dimers to pentamers and >50% conversion. Combining rapid in-flow, in situ catalytic chain transfer polymerization catalyst synthesis and volumetric microwave heating of the reaction medium resulted in catalyst flow synthesis being completed in <4 min, removing the need to pre-synthesize it. The steady-state operation was then successfully maintained with very low levels of external energy, as the process utilized the reaction exotherm. The microwave process outperformed a comparative conventionally heated system by delivering a 20% increase in process throughput with no change in final product quality or conversion. Additionally, combining flow and in situ catalyst processing enabled the use of a more oxidatively unstable catalyst. This allowed for in situ catalyst deactivation post-generation of the oligomers, such that residual catalyst did not need to be removed prior to preparing subsequent vaccine adjuvant or CTA screening formulations. Finally, dielectric property measurements were able to monitor the onset of reaction and steady-state operation.
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- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/chemistry7010010
- https://www.mdpi.com/2624-8549/7/1/10/pdf?version=1737106198
- OA Status
- gold
- References
- 60
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4406502499
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
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https://openalex.org/W4406502499Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
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https://doi.org/10.3390/chemistry7010010Digital Object Identifier
- Title
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Dielectrically Monitored Flow Synthesis of Functional Vaccine Adjuvant Mixtures via Microwave-Assisted Catalytic Chain Transfer ProcessingWork title
- Type
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articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
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enPrimary language
- Publication year
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2025Year of publication
- Publication date
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2025-01-17Full publication date if available
- Authors
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Cordula Hege, Ian Hamilton, Adam A. Dundas, Kevin Adlington, Edward R. Walker, Helena Henke, Kaiyang Wang, Georgios Dimitrakis, Adam Buttress, Chris Dodds, Christopher B. Fox, Derek J. IrvineList of authors in order
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https://doi.org/10.3390/chemistry7010010Publisher landing page
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https://www.mdpi.com/2624-8549/7/1/10/pdf?version=1737106198Direct link to full text PDF
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YesWhether a free full text is available
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goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
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https://www.mdpi.com/2624-8549/7/1/10/pdf?version=1737106198Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
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Microwave, Materials science, Catalysis, Adjuvant, Combinatorial chemistry, Chemical engineering, Chemistry, Medicine, Computer science, Organic chemistry, Immunology, Engineering, TelecommunicationsTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
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0Total citation count in OpenAlex
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60Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
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10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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