Digitizing the Trails Making Test for Automatic Detection of Cognitive Impairment: Validity and Reliability Article Swipe
Claudio Toro‐Serey
,
Connor Higgins
,
Russell Banks
,
Ali Jannati
,
Sean Tobyne
,
John Showalter
,
Álvaro Pascual‐Leone
·
YOU?
·
· 2024
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.089997
YOU?
·
· 2024
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.089997
Background The Trail Making Test (TMT) is one of the tests most commonly included in neuropsychological batteries to assess executive functions. A digitized version of TMT would provide objective measurements of time to complete (TTC) and total number of errors (TE) with minimal training, and eventually enable process metrics including detailed evaluation of drawing behavior. Here we evaluated the test‐retest reliability and validity of a new digital TMT Part B (dTMT‐B). Method We examined cognitively unimpaired participants from two clinical trials: DCT216 (N = 182, age mean±SD = 64.8±7.5; 60% female; years of education mean±SD = 14.4±2.5; 20% Hispanic; 3‐5 weeks between tests) and Bio‐Hermes‐001 (N = 342, age mean±SD = 70.5±6.4; 63% female; years of education mean[IQR] = 16[14‐23]; 6% Hispanic). For both TTC and TE, reliability was assessed via intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC 3, k) in DCT216. Internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha. We assessed validity by combining visit 1 of DCT216 and Bio‐Hermes‐001 and performing a multiple linear regression predicting TTC using predictors for study, age, sex, education, ethnicity, and interactions between study and each demographic. Specifically, we calculated the coefficients for age (key demographic in paper‐based TMT) and for demographic performance across both studies. Result ICCs showed great reliability for TTC (0.87, 95% CI = 0.83 ‐ 0.90, p < 0.0001) and good reliability for TE (0.65, 95% CI = 0.53 ‐ 0.74, p < 0.0001). Cronbach’s alpha showed good internal consistency across these metrics as well (0.68). For validity, we found the expected significant main effect of age (T = 7.48, p < 0.001) and no significant interactions ( p > 0.05), suggesting similar trends with paper‐based TMT‐B and consistent TTC values across studies. Conclusion dTMT‐B is a valid and reliable digital implementation of the commonly used, paper‐based TMT Part B.
Related Topics
Concepts
Cronbach's alpha
Intraclass correlation
Reliability (semiconductor)
Trail Making Test
Internal consistency
Psychology
Neuropsychology
Test (biology)
Medicine
Linear regression
Demography
Cognition
Gerontology
Clinical psychology
Statistics
Psychometrics
Psychiatry
Mathematics
Power (physics)
Physics
Sociology
Quantum mechanics
Paleontology
Biology
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.089997
- OA Status
- hybrid
- Cited By
- 1
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4406024158
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
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https://openalex.org/W4406024158Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
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https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.089997Digital Object Identifier
- Title
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Digitizing the Trails Making Test for Automatic Detection of Cognitive Impairment: Validity and ReliabilityWork title
- Type
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articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
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enPrimary language
- Publication year
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2024Year of publication
- Publication date
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2024-12-01Full publication date if available
- Authors
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Claudio Toro‐Serey, Connor Higgins, Russell Banks, Ali Jannati, Sean Tobyne, John Showalter, Álvaro Pascual‐LeoneList of authors in order
- Landing page
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https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.089997Publisher landing page
- Open access
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YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
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hybridOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
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https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.089997Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
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Cronbach's alpha, Intraclass correlation, Reliability (semiconductor), Trail Making Test, Internal consistency, Psychology, Neuropsychology, Test (biology), Medicine, Linear regression, Demography, Cognition, Gerontology, Clinical psychology, Statistics, Psychometrics, Psychiatry, Mathematics, Power (physics), Physics, Sociology, Quantum mechanics, Paleontology, BiologyTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
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1Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
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2025: 1Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- Related works (count)
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10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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