Disease-Modifying Treatment Options in Very Early Onset Multiple Sclerosis—What Choices Are There for Onset Under 5 Years of Age? A Systematic Review Article Swipe
Dana Craiu
,
Alice Denisa Dica
,
Cristina Pomeran
,
George Pescaru
,
Shay Menascu
,
Mihaela Simu
,
Dana Craiu
,
Alice Denisa Dica
,
Cristina Pomeran
,
George Pescaru
,
Shay Menascu
,
Mihaela Simu
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14228133
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14228133
Background/Objectives: Very early pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) is rare; clinical studies using disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) have not been performed. Clinicians rely on studies performed at older ages. This review resulted from difficulties faced by clinicians and the off-label use of DMTs at this age. Methods: A literature review of studies dated between 1982 and 2025 on very early POMS, specifically with onset before age 5, has been performed, searching for outcomes without or with DMTs. The curated database of the selected patients was analyzed using computed descriptive and integrated cohort-level estimates. The clinical, paraclinical, treatment, and outcome characteristics were analyzed. Statistical analysis used JASP, with GenAI-assisted verification. The treatment outcome of a 16-year-old patient with very early POMS starting at 2 years 4 months that consecutively received interferon, immunoglobulin, and Natalizumab is presented. Results: A total of 101 patients with very early POMS presented, at onset, with ataxic syndrome (57.4%), pyramidal syndrome (41.4%), ophthalmoplegia (10.3%), and optic neuritis (6.9%). In evolution, 22.7% had seizures. Half of the patients were not treated. Among those treated, acute steroid therapy was administered; 11 received the DMTs interferon, Glatiramer acetate, Dimethyl fumarate, and Azathioprine (three), with only two high-efficacy therapies (Natalizumab and Rituximab). Our patient had partial remission under interferon, relapses when stopped and replaced by immunoglobulin and 9 years relapse-free interval when Natalizumab was introduced. Conclusions: Early treatment with high-efficiency DMTs should be considered in very early POMS; association with known increased neuroplasticity at this age may improve prognosis, allowing good recovery of acquired disability.
Related Topics
Concepts
Medicine
Natalizumab
Pediatrics
Multiple sclerosis
Glatiramer acetate
Clinically isolated syndrome
Optic neuritis
Azathioprine
Confidence interval
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
Logistic regression
Age of onset
Clinical trial
MEDLINE
Ataxia
Intravenous Immunoglobulins
Survival analysis
Internal medicine
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14228133
- https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/14/22/8133/pdf?version=1763378788
- OA Status
- gold
- References
- 53
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W7106032275
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
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https://openalex.org/W7106032275Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
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https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14228133Digital Object Identifier
- Title
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Disease-Modifying Treatment Options in Very Early Onset Multiple Sclerosis—What Choices Are There for Onset Under 5 Years of Age? A Systematic ReviewWork title
- Type
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articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
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enPrimary language
- Publication year
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2025Year of publication
- Publication date
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2025-11-17Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Dana Craiu, Alice Denisa Dica, Cristina Pomeran, George Pescaru, Shay Menascu, Mihaela Simu, Dana Craiu, Alice Denisa Dica, Cristina Pomeran, George Pescaru, Shay Menascu, Mihaela SimuList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14228133Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
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https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/14/22/8133/pdf?version=1763378788Direct link to full text PDF
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YesWhether a free full text is available
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goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
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https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/14/22/8133/pdf?version=1763378788Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
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Medicine, Natalizumab, Pediatrics, Multiple sclerosis, Glatiramer acetate, Clinically isolated syndrome, Optic neuritis, Azathioprine, Confidence interval, Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, Logistic regression, Age of onset, Clinical trial, MEDLINE, Ataxia, Intravenous Immunoglobulins, Survival analysis, Internal medicine, Acute disseminated encephalomyelitisTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
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0Total citation count in OpenAlex
- References (count)
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53Number of works referenced by this work
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