Distributed observer‐based containment control for unknown time‐varying P‐normal nonlinear multiagent systems Article Swipe

PDF

Liuliu Zhang , Songsong Liu , Changchun Hua , Choon Ki Ahn ·

YOU? · · 2024 · Open Access · · DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/rnc.7324

This work investigates the containment control for unknown time‐varying p‐normal (TVP) nonlinear multiagent systems (MASs) under directed topology. First, by innovatively constructing the dynamic update law in the distributed observer design process, the corresponding virtual leader trajectory can be accurately estimated at an exponential rate. Subsequently, the containment problem of MASs is transformed into a tracking problem through appropriate state transformation. Then, based on backstepping and power integrator techniques, a recursive algorithm is proposed to construct the adaptive controller to guarantee that the followers are driven into the convex hull consisting of dynamic leaders and the closed‐loop system is stable. Finally, the effectiveness of the containment control scheme is verified through a numerical simulation and a practical example of single‐link manipulators.

Related Topics

Artificial Intelligence

Concepts

Backstepping Control theory (sociology) Convex hull Nonlinear system Computer science Multi-agent system Observer (physics) Controller (irrigation) Integrator Containment (computer programming) Trajectory Adaptive control Control (management) Mathematics Regular polygon Artificial intelligence Agronomy Biology Quantum mechanics Astronomy Bandwidth (computing) Geometry Computer network Programming language Physics

Metadata

Type: article
Language: en
Landing Page: https://doi.org/10.1002/rnc.7324
PDF: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/rnc.7324
OA Status: bronze
Cited By: 2
References: 38
Related Works: 10
OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W4393014787

All OpenAlex metadata

Raw OpenAlex JSON

OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W4393014787

Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/rnc.7324

Digital Object Identifier
Title: Distributed observer‐based containment control for unknown time‐varying P‐normal nonlinear multiagent systems

Work title
Type: article

OpenAlex work type
Language: en

Primary language
Publication year: 2024

Year of publication
Publication date: 2024-03-19

Full publication date if available
Authors: Liuliu Zhang, Songsong Liu, Changchun Hua, Choon Ki Ahn

List of authors in order
Landing page: https://doi.org/10.1002/rnc.7324

Publisher landing page
PDF URL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/rnc.7324

Direct link to full text PDF
Open access: Yes

Whether a free full text is available
OA status: bronze

Open access status per OpenAlex
OA URL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/rnc.7324

Direct OA link when available
Concepts: Backstepping, Control theory (sociology), Convex hull, Nonlinear system, Computer science, Multi-agent system, Observer (physics), Controller (irrigation), Integrator, Containment (computer programming), Trajectory, Adaptive control, Control (management), Mathematics, Regular polygon, Artificial intelligence, Agronomy, Biology, Quantum mechanics, Astronomy, Bandwidth (computing), Geometry, Computer network, Programming language, Physics

Top concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
Cited by: 2

Total citation count in OpenAlex
Citations by year (recent): 2025: 1, 2024: 1

Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
References (count): 38

Number of works referenced by this work
Related works (count): 10

Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex

Full payload

id	https://openalex.org/W4393014787
doi	https://doi.org/10.1002/rnc.7324
ids.doi	https://doi.org/10.1002/rnc.7324
ids.openalex	https://openalex.org/W4393014787
fwci	1.27241737
type	article
title	Distributed observer‐based containment control for unknown time‐varying P‐normal nonlinear multiagent systems
biblio.issue	10
biblio.volume	34
biblio.last_page	6913
biblio.first_page	6895
topics[0].id	https://openalex.org/T10040
topics[0].field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/22
topics[0].field.display_name	Engineering
topics[0].score	0.9994000196456909
topics[0].domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/3
topics[0].domain.display_name	Physical Sciences
topics[0].subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/2207
topics[0].subfield.display_name	Control and Systems Engineering
topics[0].display_name	Adaptive Control of Nonlinear Systems
topics[1].id	https://openalex.org/T10249
topics[1].field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/17
topics[1].field.display_name	Computer Science
topics[1].score	0.9993000030517578
topics[1].domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/3
topics[1].domain.display_name	Physical Sciences
topics[1].subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/1705
topics[1].subfield.display_name	Computer Networks and Communications
topics[1].display_name	Distributed Control Multi-Agent Systems
topics[2].id	https://openalex.org/T10046
topics[2].field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/22
topics[2].field.display_name	Engineering
topics[2].score	0.9962000250816345
topics[2].domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/3
topics[2].domain.display_name	Physical Sciences
topics[2].subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/2207
topics[2].subfield.display_name	Control and Systems Engineering
topics[2].display_name	Stability and Control of Uncertain Systems
is_xpac	False
apc_list.value	4070
apc_list.currency	USD
apc_list.value_usd	4070
apc_paid
concepts[0].id	https://openalex.org/C72218879
concepts[0].level	4
concepts[0].score	0.7377811074256897
concepts[0].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4839759
concepts[0].display_name	Backstepping
concepts[1].id	https://openalex.org/C47446073
concepts[1].level	3
concepts[1].score	0.7189587354660034
concepts[1].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890
concepts[1].display_name	Control theory (sociology)
concepts[2].id	https://openalex.org/C206194317
concepts[2].level	3
concepts[2].score	0.6099548935890198
concepts[2].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138624
concepts[2].display_name	Convex hull
concepts[3].id	https://openalex.org/C158622935
concepts[3].level	2
concepts[3].score	0.6015816926956177
concepts[3].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848
concepts[3].display_name	Nonlinear system
concepts[4].id	https://openalex.org/C41008148
concepts[4].level	0
concepts[4].score	0.5732260942459106
concepts[4].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198
concepts[4].display_name	Computer science
concepts[5].id	https://openalex.org/C41550386
concepts[5].level	2
concepts[5].score	0.567305326461792
concepts[5].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q529909
concepts[5].display_name	Multi-agent system
concepts[6].id	https://openalex.org/C2780704645
concepts[6].level	2
concepts[6].score	0.5340608358383179
concepts[6].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9251458
concepts[6].display_name	Observer (physics)
concepts[7].id	https://openalex.org/C203479927
concepts[7].level	2
concepts[7].score	0.4753253757953644
concepts[7].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939
concepts[7].display_name	Controller (irrigation)
concepts[8].id	https://openalex.org/C79518650
concepts[8].level	3
concepts[8].score	0.4342614412307739
concepts[8].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2081431
concepts[8].display_name	Integrator
concepts[9].id	https://openalex.org/C2777019822
concepts[9].level	2
concepts[9].score	0.4276805520057678
concepts[9].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q390066
concepts[9].display_name	Containment (computer programming)
concepts[10].id	https://openalex.org/C13662910
concepts[10].level	2
concepts[10].score	0.42107492685317993
concepts[10].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139
concepts[10].display_name	Trajectory
concepts[11].id	https://openalex.org/C107464732
concepts[11].level	3
concepts[11].score	0.2508265972137451
concepts[11].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235781
concepts[11].display_name	Adaptive control
concepts[12].id	https://openalex.org/C2775924081
concepts[12].level	2
concepts[12].score	0.2507480978965759
concepts[12].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371
concepts[12].display_name	Control (management)
concepts[13].id	https://openalex.org/C33923547
concepts[13].level	0
concepts[13].score	0.24795347452163696
concepts[13].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395
concepts[13].display_name	Mathematics
concepts[14].id	https://openalex.org/C112680207
concepts[14].level	2
concepts[14].score	0.1878320574760437
concepts[14].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q714886
concepts[14].display_name	Regular polygon
concepts[15].id	https://openalex.org/C154945302
concepts[15].level	1
concepts[15].score	0.0850645899772644
concepts[15].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660
concepts[15].display_name	Artificial intelligence
concepts[16].id	https://openalex.org/C6557445
concepts[16].level	1
concepts[16].score	0.0
concepts[16].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113
concepts[16].display_name	Agronomy
concepts[17].id	https://openalex.org/C86803240
concepts[17].level	0
concepts[17].score	0.0
concepts[17].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420
concepts[17].display_name	Biology
concepts[18].id	https://openalex.org/C62520636
concepts[18].level	1
concepts[18].score	0.0
concepts[18].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944
concepts[18].display_name	Quantum mechanics
concepts[19].id	https://openalex.org/C1276947
concepts[19].level	1
concepts[19].score	0.0
concepts[19].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333
concepts[19].display_name	Astronomy
concepts[20].id	https://openalex.org/C2776257435
concepts[20].level	2
concepts[20].score	0.0
concepts[20].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430
concepts[20].display_name	Bandwidth (computing)
concepts[21].id	https://openalex.org/C2524010
concepts[21].level	1
concepts[21].score	0.0
concepts[21].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087
concepts[21].display_name	Geometry
concepts[22].id	https://openalex.org/C31258907
concepts[22].level	1
concepts[22].score	0.0
concepts[22].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371
concepts[22].display_name	Computer network
concepts[23].id	https://openalex.org/C199360897
concepts[23].level	1
concepts[23].score	0.0
concepts[23].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143
concepts[23].display_name	Programming language
concepts[24].id	https://openalex.org/C121332964
concepts[24].level	0
concepts[24].score	0.0
concepts[24].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413
concepts[24].display_name	Physics
keywords[0].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/backstepping
keywords[0].score	0.7377811074256897
keywords[0].display_name	Backstepping
keywords[1].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory
keywords[1].score	0.7189587354660034
keywords[1].display_name	Control theory (sociology)
keywords[2].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/convex-hull
keywords[2].score	0.6099548935890198
keywords[2].display_name	Convex hull
keywords[3].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system
keywords[3].score	0.6015816926956177
keywords[3].display_name	Nonlinear system
keywords[4].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science
keywords[4].score	0.5732260942459106
keywords[4].display_name	Computer science
keywords[5].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-agent-system
keywords[5].score	0.567305326461792
keywords[5].display_name	Multi-agent system
keywords[6].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/observer
keywords[6].score	0.5340608358383179
keywords[6].display_name	Observer (physics)
keywords[7].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/controller
keywords[7].score	0.4753253757953644
keywords[7].display_name	Controller (irrigation)
keywords[8].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/integrator
keywords[8].score	0.4342614412307739
keywords[8].display_name	Integrator
keywords[9].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/containment
keywords[9].score	0.4276805520057678
keywords[9].display_name	Containment (computer programming)
keywords[10].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory
keywords[10].score	0.42107492685317993
keywords[10].display_name	Trajectory
keywords[11].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-control
keywords[11].score	0.2508265972137451
keywords[11].display_name	Adaptive control
keywords[12].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/control
keywords[12].score	0.2507480978965759
keywords[12].display_name	Control (management)
keywords[13].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics
keywords[13].score	0.24795347452163696
keywords[13].display_name	Mathematics
keywords[14].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/regular-polygon
keywords[14].score	0.1878320574760437
keywords[14].display_name	Regular polygon
keywords[15].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence
keywords[15].score	0.0850645899772644
keywords[15].display_name	Artificial intelligence
language	en
locations[0].id	doi:10.1002/rnc.7324
locations[0].is_oa	True
locations[0].source.id	https://openalex.org/S156578089
locations[0].source.issn	1049-8923, 1099-1239
locations[0].source.type	journal
locations[0].source.is_oa	False
locations[0].source.issn_l	1049-8923
locations[0].source.is_core	True
locations[0].source.is_in_doaj	False
locations[0].source.display_name	International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control
locations[0].source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/P4310320595
locations[0].source.host_organization_name	Wiley
locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/P4310320595
locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names	Wiley
locations[0].license
locations[0].pdf_url	https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/rnc.7324
locations[0].version	publishedVersion
locations[0].raw_type	journal-article
locations[0].license_id
locations[0].is_accepted	True
locations[0].is_published	True
locations[0].raw_source_name	International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control
locations[0].landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.1002/rnc.7324
indexed_in	crossref
authorships[0].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5091536303
authorships[0].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3199-5317
authorships[0].author.display_name	Liuliu Zhang
authorships[0].countries	CN
authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I39333907, https://openalex.org/I4210128819
authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	The Institute of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
authorships[0].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I4210128819
authorships[0].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/033js6g46
authorships[0].institutions[0].type	facility
authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I19820366, https://openalex.org/I4210128819
authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code	CN
authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name	Institute of Electrical Engineering
authorships[0].institutions[1].id	https://openalex.org/I39333907
authorships[0].institutions[1].ror	https://ror.org/02txfnf15
authorships[0].institutions[1].type	education
authorships[0].institutions[1].lineage	https://openalex.org/I39333907
authorships[0].institutions[1].country_code	CN
authorships[0].institutions[1].display_name	Yanshan University
authorships[0].author_position	first
authorships[0].raw_author_name	Liuliu Zhang
authorships[0].is_corresponding	False
authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings	The Institute of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
authorships[1].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5102789179
authorships[1].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2589-7488
authorships[1].author.display_name	Songsong Liu
authorships[1].countries	CN
authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I39333907, https://openalex.org/I4210128819
authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	The Institute of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
authorships[1].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I4210128819
authorships[1].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/033js6g46
authorships[1].institutions[0].type	facility
authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I19820366, https://openalex.org/I4210128819
authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code	CN
authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name	Institute of Electrical Engineering
authorships[1].institutions[1].id	https://openalex.org/I39333907
authorships[1].institutions[1].ror	https://ror.org/02txfnf15
authorships[1].institutions[1].type	education
authorships[1].institutions[1].lineage	https://openalex.org/I39333907
authorships[1].institutions[1].country_code	CN
authorships[1].institutions[1].display_name	Yanshan University
authorships[1].author_position	middle
authorships[1].raw_author_name	Songsong Liu
authorships[1].is_corresponding	False
authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings	The Institute of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
authorships[2].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5100380201
authorships[2].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6311-2112
authorships[2].author.display_name	Changchun Hua
authorships[2].countries	CN
authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I39333907, https://openalex.org/I4210128819
authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	The Institute of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
authorships[2].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I4210128819
authorships[2].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/033js6g46
authorships[2].institutions[0].type	facility
authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I19820366, https://openalex.org/I4210128819
authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code	CN
authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name	Institute of Electrical Engineering
authorships[2].institutions[1].id	https://openalex.org/I39333907
authorships[2].institutions[1].ror	https://ror.org/02txfnf15
authorships[2].institutions[1].type	education
authorships[2].institutions[1].lineage	https://openalex.org/I39333907
authorships[2].institutions[1].country_code	CN
authorships[2].institutions[1].display_name	Yanshan University
authorships[2].author_position	middle
authorships[2].raw_author_name	Changchun Hua
authorships[2].is_corresponding	False
authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings	The Institute of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
authorships[3].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5084993350
authorships[3].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0993-9658
authorships[3].author.display_name	Choon Ki Ahn
authorships[3].countries	KR
authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I197347611
authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
authorships[3].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I197347611
authorships[3].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/047dqcg40
authorships[3].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I197347611
authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code	KR
authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name	Korea University
authorships[3].author_position	last
authorships[3].raw_author_name	Choon Ki Ahn
authorships[3].is_corresponding	True
authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings	School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
has_content.pdf	True
has_content.grobid_xml	True
is_paratext	False
open_access.is_oa	True
open_access.oa_url	https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/rnc.7324
open_access.oa_status	bronze
open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext	False
created_date	2025-10-10T00:00:00
display_name	Distributed observer‐based containment control for unknown time‐varying P‐normal nonlinear multiagent systems
has_fulltext	True
is_retracted	False
updated_date	2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776
primary_topic.id	https://openalex.org/T10040
primary_topic.field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/22
primary_topic.field.display_name	Engineering
primary_topic.score	0.9994000196456909
primary_topic.domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/3
primary_topic.domain.display_name	Physical Sciences
primary_topic.subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/2207
primary_topic.subfield.display_name	Control and Systems Engineering
primary_topic.display_name	Adaptive Control of Nonlinear Systems
related_works	https://openalex.org/W2771027241, https://openalex.org/W1765905465, https://openalex.org/W2793080664, https://openalex.org/W2186140227, https://openalex.org/W2534185822, https://openalex.org/W2367651125, https://openalex.org/W2387936656, https://openalex.org/W1963225701, https://openalex.org/W1537080923, https://openalex.org/W1541125785
cited_by_count	2
counts_by_year[0].year	2025
counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count	1
counts_by_year[1].year	2024
counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count	1
locations_count	1
best_oa_location.id	doi:10.1002/rnc.7324
best_oa_location.is_oa	True
best_oa_location.source.id	https://openalex.org/S156578089
best_oa_location.source.issn	1049-8923, 1099-1239
best_oa_location.source.type	journal
best_oa_location.source.is_oa	False
best_oa_location.source.issn_l	1049-8923
best_oa_location.source.is_core	True
best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj	False
best_oa_location.source.display_name	International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control
best_oa_location.source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/P4310320595
best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name	Wiley
best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/P4310320595
best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names	Wiley
best_oa_location.license
best_oa_location.pdf_url	https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/rnc.7324
best_oa_location.version	publishedVersion
best_oa_location.raw_type	journal-article
best_oa_location.license_id
best_oa_location.is_accepted	True
best_oa_location.is_published	True
best_oa_location.raw_source_name	International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control
best_oa_location.landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.1002/rnc.7324
primary_location.id	doi:10.1002/rnc.7324
primary_location.is_oa	True
primary_location.source.id	https://openalex.org/S156578089
primary_location.source.issn	1049-8923, 1099-1239
primary_location.source.type	journal
primary_location.source.is_oa	False
primary_location.source.issn_l	1049-8923
primary_location.source.is_core	True
primary_location.source.is_in_doaj	False
primary_location.source.display_name	International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control
primary_location.source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/P4310320595
primary_location.source.host_organization_name	Wiley
primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/P4310320595
primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names	Wiley
primary_location.license
primary_location.pdf_url	https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/rnc.7324
primary_location.version	publishedVersion
primary_location.raw_type	journal-article
primary_location.license_id
primary_location.is_accepted	True
primary_location.is_published	True
primary_location.raw_source_name	International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control
primary_location.landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.1002/rnc.7324
publication_date	2024-03-19
publication_year	2024
referenced_works	https://openalex.org/W3158287740, https://openalex.org/W2946526660, https://openalex.org/W3170880126, https://openalex.org/W2808683872, https://openalex.org/W4213427794, https://openalex.org/W3133776341, https://openalex.org/W2998984792, https://openalex.org/W4283028448, https://openalex.org/W4378805020, https://openalex.org/W3095041969, https://openalex.org/W2922330498, https://openalex.org/W2011671151, https://openalex.org/W4221059950, https://openalex.org/W2918869262, https://openalex.org/W2901685566, https://openalex.org/W4206656572, https://openalex.org/W3119512967, https://openalex.org/W860578565, https://openalex.org/W3134367141, https://openalex.org/W2412507432, https://openalex.org/W2794941897, https://openalex.org/W2606704551, https://openalex.org/W2902232179, https://openalex.org/W3003448348, https://openalex.org/W2999684463, https://openalex.org/W3043280129, https://openalex.org/W4200396647, https://openalex.org/W2987906135, https://openalex.org/W2614858840, https://openalex.org/W2175040789, https://openalex.org/W2171245641, https://openalex.org/W2007453291, https://openalex.org/W2000806524, https://openalex.org/W2483871902, https://openalex.org/W1994951210, https://openalex.org/W1964264629, https://openalex.org/W4312821346, https://openalex.org/W4229455056
referenced_works_count	38
abstract_inverted_index.a	55, 70, 112, 116
abstract_inverted_index.an	43
abstract_inverted_index.at	42
abstract_inverted_index.be	39
abstract_inverted_index.by	20
abstract_inverted_index.in	27
abstract_inverted_index.is	52, 73, 99, 109
abstract_inverted_index.of	50, 92, 104, 119
abstract_inverted_index.on	64
abstract_inverted_index.to	75, 80
abstract_inverted_index.and	66, 95, 115
abstract_inverted_index.are	85
abstract_inverted_index.can	38
abstract_inverted_index.for	7
abstract_inverted_index.law	26
abstract_inverted_index.the	4, 23, 28, 33, 47, 77, 83, 88, 96, 102, 105
abstract_inverted_index.MASs	51
abstract_inverted_index.This	1
abstract_inverted_index.hull	90
abstract_inverted_index.into	54, 87
abstract_inverted_index.that	82
abstract_inverted_index.work	2
abstract_inverted_index.(TVP)	11
abstract_inverted_index.Then,	62
abstract_inverted_index.based	63
abstract_inverted_index.power	67
abstract_inverted_index.rate.	45
abstract_inverted_index.state	60
abstract_inverted_index.under	16
abstract_inverted_index.(MASs)	15
abstract_inverted_index.First,	19
abstract_inverted_index.convex	89
abstract_inverted_index.design	31
abstract_inverted_index.driven	86
abstract_inverted_index.leader	36
abstract_inverted_index.scheme	108
abstract_inverted_index.system	98
abstract_inverted_index.update	25
abstract_inverted_index.control	6, 107
abstract_inverted_index.dynamic	24, 93
abstract_inverted_index.example	118
abstract_inverted_index.leaders	94
abstract_inverted_index.problem	49, 57
abstract_inverted_index.stable.	100
abstract_inverted_index.systems	14
abstract_inverted_index.through	58, 111
abstract_inverted_index.unknown	8
abstract_inverted_index.virtual	35
abstract_inverted_index.Abstract	0
abstract_inverted_index.Finally,	101
abstract_inverted_index.adaptive	78
abstract_inverted_index.directed	17
abstract_inverted_index.observer	30
abstract_inverted_index.process,	32
abstract_inverted_index.proposed	74
abstract_inverted_index.tracking	56
abstract_inverted_index.verified	110
abstract_inverted_index.algorithm	72
abstract_inverted_index.construct	76
abstract_inverted_index.estimated	41
abstract_inverted_index.followers	84
abstract_inverted_index.guarantee	81
abstract_inverted_index.nonlinear	12
abstract_inverted_index.numerical	113
abstract_inverted_index.practical	117
abstract_inverted_index.recursive	71
abstract_inverted_index.topology.	18
abstract_inverted_index.accurately	40
abstract_inverted_index.consisting	91
abstract_inverted_index.controller	79
abstract_inverted_index.integrator	68
abstract_inverted_index.multiagent	13
abstract_inverted_index.p‐normal	10
abstract_inverted_index.simulation	114
abstract_inverted_index.trajectory	37
abstract_inverted_index.appropriate	59
abstract_inverted_index.containment	5, 48, 106
abstract_inverted_index.distributed	29
abstract_inverted_index.exponential	44
abstract_inverted_index.techniques,	69
abstract_inverted_index.transformed	53
abstract_inverted_index.backstepping	65
abstract_inverted_index.constructing	22
abstract_inverted_index.innovatively	21
abstract_inverted_index.investigates	3
abstract_inverted_index.Subsequently,	46
abstract_inverted_index.closed‐loop	97
abstract_inverted_index.corresponding	34
abstract_inverted_index.effectiveness	103
abstract_inverted_index.manipulators.	121
abstract_inverted_index.single‐link	120
abstract_inverted_index.time‐varying	9
abstract_inverted_index.transformation.	61
cited_by_percentile_year.max	95
cited_by_percentile_year.min	90
corresponding_author_ids	https://openalex.org/A5084993350
countries_distinct_count	2
institutions_distinct_count	4
corresponding_institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I197347611
sustainable_development_goals[0].id	https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16
sustainable_development_goals[0].score	0.7400000095367432
sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name	Peace, Justice and strong institutions
citation_normalized_percentile.value	0.72347399
citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent	False
citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent	False