Diverging Trends in Survival and Functional Outcome between Males and Females after Intracerebral Hemorrhage Article Swipe
Trine Apostolaki‐Hansson
,
Christine Kremer
,
Mats Pihlsgård
,
Jesper Petersson
,
Bo Norrving
,
Teresa Ullberg
·
YOU?
·
· 2024
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000539958
YOU?
·
· 2024
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000539958
Background: Compared to ischemic stroke, sex differences in patient outcomes following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) are underreported. We aimed to determine sex differences in mortality and functional outcomes in a large, unselected Swedish cohort. Methods: In this observational study, data on 22,789 patients with spontaneous ICH registered in the Swedish Stroke Register between 2012 and 2019 were used to compare sex differences in 90-day mortality and functional outcome using multivariable Cox and logistic regression analyses, adjusting for relevant confounders. Multiple imputation was used to impute missing data. Results: The crude 90-day mortality rate was 36.7% in females (3,820/10,405) and 31.7% in males (3,929/12,384) (female hazard ratio [HR] 1.20 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15–1.25). In multivariable analysis, the HR for 90-day mortality following ICH in females was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.85–0.94). Age was an important driving factor for the effect of sex on mortality. After adjustment for age, vascular risk factors, and stroke severity, the 90-day functional outcome in pre-stroke independent patients was worse in females compared to males (odds ratio: 1.27 95% CI: 1.16–1.40). Conclusion: In this large observational study, despite lower 90-day mortality, the female sex was independently associated with a worse functional outcome compared to males after ICH, even after adjusting for significant covariates. These diverging trends have not been previously reported for ICH. Given the observational design, our findings should be interpreted with caution, thus further external validation is warranted.
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Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1159/000539958
- OA Status
- hybrid
- Cited By
- 1
- References
- 39
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4400517842
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
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https://openalex.org/W4400517842Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
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https://doi.org/10.1159/000539958Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Diverging Trends in Survival and Functional Outcome between Males and Females after Intracerebral HemorrhageWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2024Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2024-07-22Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Trine Apostolaki‐Hansson, Christine Kremer, Mats Pihlsgård, Jesper Petersson, Bo Norrving, Teresa UllbergList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1159/000539958Publisher landing page
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
hybridOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://doi.org/10.1159/000539958Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Medicine, Hazard ratio, Confidence interval, Intracerebral hemorrhage, Confounding, Odds ratio, Internal medicine, Stroke (engine), Proportional hazards model, Observational study, Logistic regression, Cohort study, Subarachnoid hemorrhage, Mechanical engineering, EngineeringTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
1Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 1Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
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39Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
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10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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