DNA Salivary Methylation Levels of the ACE2 Promoter Are Not Related to ACE2 (rs2285666 and rs2074192), TMPRSS2 (rs12329760 and rs2070788) and ACE1 rs1799752 Polymorphisms in COVID-19 Survivors with Post-COVID-19 Condition Article Swipe
César Fernández‐de‐las‐Peñas
,
Gema Díaz‐Gil
,
Antonio Gil‐Crujera
,
Stella M. Gómez-Sánchez
,
Silvia Ambite‐Quesada
,
Juan Torres‐Macho
,
Pablo Ryan
,
Anabel Franco‐Moreno
,
Óscar J. Pellicer-Valero
,
Lars Arendt‐Nielsen
,
Rocco Giordano
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26052100
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26052100
Genetics and epigenetics are mechanisms proposed for explaining post-COVID-19 condition. This secondary analysis aimed to investigate if DNA methylation levels of the ACE2 promoter are different depending on the genotype of five COVID-19-related polymorphisms in individuals who had been previously hospitalized due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. We collected non-stimulated saliva samples from 279 (48.7% female, age: 56.0 ± 12.5 years) previously hospitalized COVID-19 survivors. The participants self-reported for the presence of post-COVID symptomatology that started after the infection and persisted at the time of the appointment. Three potential genotypes of ACE2 rs2285666 and rs2074192, TMPRSS2 rs12329760 and rs2070788, and ACE1 rs1799752 polymorphisms were identified from saliva samples. Further, methylation levels at five different locations (CpG) of dinucleotides in the ACE2 promoter were quantified using bisulfited pyrosequencing. Differences in the methylation percentage (%) of each CpG according to the genotype of the five polymorphisms were analyzed. Participants were evaluated up to 17.8 (SD: 5.2) months after hospital discharge. Eighty-eight percent (88.1%) of patients reported at least one post-COVID symptom (mean number of post-COVID symptoms: 3.0; SD: 1.9). Overall, we did not observe significant differences in the methylation levels of the ACE2 promoter according to the genotype of ACE2 rs2285666 and rs2074192, TMPRSS2 rs12329760 and rs2070788, or ACE1 rs1799752 single nucleoid polymorphisms. This study did not find an association between genetics (genotypes of five COVID-19-associated polymorphisms) and epigenetics (methylation levels of the ACE2 promoter) in a cohort of COVID-19 survivors with post-COVID-19 condition who were hospitalized during the first wave of the pandemic.
Related Topics
Concepts
Genotype
Methylation
CpG site
DNA methylation
Epigenetics
Biology
Promoter
TMPRSS2
Pyrosequencing
Saliva
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Genetics
Gene
Medicine
Internal medicine
Disease
Gene expression
Biochemistry
Infectious disease (medical specialty)
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26052100
- https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/26/5/2100/pdf?version=1740647216
- OA Status
- gold
- References
- 36
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4407997369
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4407997369Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26052100Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
DNA Salivary Methylation Levels of the ACE2 Promoter Are Not Related to ACE2 (rs2285666 and rs2074192), TMPRSS2 (rs12329760 and rs2070788) and ACE1 rs1799752 Polymorphisms in COVID-19 Survivors with Post-COVID-19 ConditionWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2025Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2025-02-27Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
César Fernández‐de‐las‐Peñas, Gema Díaz‐Gil, Antonio Gil‐Crujera, Stella M. Gómez-Sánchez, Silvia Ambite‐Quesada, Juan Torres‐Macho, Pablo Ryan, Anabel Franco‐Moreno, Óscar J. Pellicer-Valero, Lars Arendt‐Nielsen, Rocco GiordanoList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26052100Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/26/5/2100/pdf?version=1740647216Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/26/5/2100/pdf?version=1740647216Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Genotype, Methylation, CpG site, DNA methylation, Epigenetics, Biology, Promoter, TMPRSS2, Pyrosequencing, Saliva, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Genetics, Gene, Medicine, Internal medicine, Disease, Gene expression, Biochemistry, Infectious disease (medical specialty)Top concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
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0Total citation count in OpenAlex
- References (count)
-
36Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
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10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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