Doubling the Number of Connected Devices in Narrow-band Internet of Things while Maintaining System Performance: An STC-based Approach Article Swipe
Abdulwahid Mohammed
,
Mohamed S. Elbakry
,
Hassan Mostafa
,
Abdelhady Abdelazim Ammar
·
YOU?
·
· 2023
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.25046/aj080401
YOU?
·
· 2023
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.25046/aj080401
Narrow-band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) is a low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) method that was first launched by the 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) Rel-13 with the purpose of enabling low-cost, low-power, and wide-area cellular connections for the Internet of Things (IoT).As the demand for over-the-air services grows and with the number of linked wireless devices reaching 100 billion, wireless spectrum is becoming scarce, necessitating creative techniques that can increase the number of connected devices within a restricted spectral resource to satisfy service needs.Consequently, it is vital that academics develop efficient solutions to fulfill the quality of service (QoS) criteria of the NB-IoT in the context of 5th generation (5G).This study paves the way for 5G networks and beyond to have increased capacity and data rates for NB-IoT.Whereas, this article suggests a method for increasing the number of connected devices by using a technique known as symbol time compression (STC).The suggested method reduces the occupied bandwidth of each device without increasing complexity, losing data throughput, or affecting bit error rate (BER) performance.The STC approach is proposed in the literature to work with conventional orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) to reduce bandwidth usage by 50% and enhance the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR).Specifically, an STC-based technique is suggested that exploits the available bandwidth to increase the number of linked devices by double while keeping the complexity and performance of the system.Furthermore, the µ-law companding technique is leveraged to reduce the PAPR of the transmitted signals.The obtained simulation results indicate that the suggested method using the µ-law companding technique doubles the amount of transferred data and lowers the PAPR by 3.22 dB while keeping the same complexity and BER.
Related Topics
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.25046/aj080401
- https://www.astesj.com/?sdm_process_download=1&download_id=75903
- OA Status
- diamond
- Cited By
- 2
- References
- 37
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4385309570
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4385309570Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.25046/aj080401Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Doubling the Number of Connected Devices in Narrow-band Internet of Things while Maintaining System Performance: An STC-based ApproachWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2023Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2023-07-01Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Abdulwahid Mohammed, Mohamed S. Elbakry, Hassan Mostafa, Abdelhady Abdelazim AmmarList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.25046/aj080401Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.astesj.com/?sdm_process_download=1&download_id=75903Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
diamondOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.astesj.com/?sdm_process_download=1&download_id=75903Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Internet of Things, Computer science, The Internet, Internet privacy, World Wide WebTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
2Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2024: 1, 2023: 1Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
37Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4385309570 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.25046/aj080401 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.25046/aj080401 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4385309570 |
| fwci | 0.3317678 |
| type | article |
| title | Doubling the Number of Connected Devices in Narrow-band Internet of Things while Maintaining System Performance: An STC-based Approach |
| biblio.issue | 4 |
| biblio.volume | 8 |
| biblio.last_page | 10 |
| biblio.first_page | 1 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10558 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[0].score | 0.871399998664856 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2208 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Electrical and Electronic Engineering |
| topics[0].display_name | Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T10323 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[1].score | 0.8165000081062317 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2204 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Biomedical Engineering |
| topics[1].display_name | Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T12162 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Computer Science |
| topics[2].score | 0.7627999782562256 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1703 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Computational Theory and Mathematics |
| topics[2].display_name | Cellular Automata and Applications |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list | |
| apc_paid | |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C81860439 |
| concepts[0].level | 2 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.7073365449905396 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Internet of Things |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C41008148 |
| concepts[1].level | 0 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.4975636303424835 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Computer science |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C110875604 |
| concepts[2].level | 2 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.4815569221973419 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75 |
| concepts[2].display_name | The Internet |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C108827166 |
| concepts[3].level | 1 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.2678850293159485 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Internet privacy |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C136764020 |
| concepts[4].level | 1 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.20292788743972778 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466 |
| concepts[4].display_name | World Wide Web |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things |
| keywords[0].score | 0.7073365449905396 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Internet of Things |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science |
| keywords[1].score | 0.4975636303424835 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Computer science |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet |
| keywords[2].score | 0.4815569221973419 |
| keywords[2].display_name | The Internet |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy |
| keywords[3].score | 0.2678850293159485 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Internet privacy |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web |
| keywords[4].score | 0.20292788743972778 |
| keywords[4].display_name | World Wide Web |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.25046/aj080401 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764572829 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 2415-6698 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 2415-6698 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Advances in Science Technology and Engineering Systems Journal |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310316070 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal (ASTESJ) |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310316070 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal (ASTESJ) |
| locations[0].license | cc-by-sa |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://www.astesj.com/?sdm_process_download=1&download_id=75903 |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.25046/aj080401 |
| indexed_in | crossref |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5037081347 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1866-430X |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Abdulwahid Mohammed |
| authorships[0].countries | EG |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I184834183 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11651, Egypt |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I184834183 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05fnp1145 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I184834183 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | EG |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Al-Azhar University |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Abdulwahid Mohammed |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11651, Egypt |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5052903529 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4504-9652 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Mohamed S. Elbakry |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Institute of Aviation Engineering and Technology, Giza, 25152, Egypt. |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Mohamed S. Elbakry |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Institute of Aviation Engineering and Technology, Giza, 25152, Egypt. |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5063929219 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0043-5007 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Hassan Mostafa |
| authorships[2].countries | EG |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, University of Science and technology, Giza, 12578, Egypt |
| authorships[2].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I145487455 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Cairo University, , Giza, 12613, Egypt |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I145487455 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03q21mh05 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I145487455 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | EG |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Cairo University |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Hassan Mostafa |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Cairo University, , Giza, 12613, Egypt, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, University of Science and technology, Giza, 12578, Egypt |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5027114774 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4176-0666 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Abdelhady Abdelazim Ammar |
| authorships[3].countries | EG |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I184834183 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11651, Egypt |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I184834183 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05fnp1145 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I184834183 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | EG |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | Al-Azhar University |
| authorships[3].author_position | last |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Abdelhady Abdelazim Ammar |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11651, Egypt |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://www.astesj.com/?sdm_process_download=1&download_id=75903 |
| open_access.oa_status | diamond |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Doubling the Number of Connected Devices in Narrow-band Internet of Things while Maintaining System Performance: An STC-based Approach |
| has_fulltext | True |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10558 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Engineering |
| primary_topic.score | 0.871399998664856 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2208 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Electrical and Electronic Engineering |
| primary_topic.display_name | Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2751166006, https://openalex.org/W2807530277, https://openalex.org/W2322757112, https://openalex.org/W3081898826, https://openalex.org/W2970262160, https://openalex.org/W3027691494, https://openalex.org/W2550930058, https://openalex.org/W2618984630, https://openalex.org/W3203217542, https://openalex.org/W2313383690 |
| cited_by_count | 2 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 1 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2023 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 1 |
| locations_count | 1 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.25046/aj080401 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764572829 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 2415-6698 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 2415-6698 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Advances in Science Technology and Engineering Systems Journal |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310316070 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal (ASTESJ) |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310316070 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal (ASTESJ) |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by-sa |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://www.astesj.com/?sdm_process_download=1&download_id=75903 |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.25046/aj080401 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.25046/aj080401 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764572829 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 2415-6698 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 2415-6698 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Advances in Science Technology and Engineering Systems Journal |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310316070 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal (ASTESJ) |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310316070 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal (ASTESJ) |
| primary_location.license | cc-by-sa |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://www.astesj.com/?sdm_process_download=1&download_id=75903 |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.25046/aj080401 |
| publication_date | 2023-07-01 |
| publication_year | 2023 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W3011784755, https://openalex.org/W2942349567, https://openalex.org/W1531742154, https://openalex.org/W2765310706, https://openalex.org/W2963054139, https://openalex.org/W2793903058, https://openalex.org/W2906219485, https://openalex.org/W2602716155, https://openalex.org/W2798446924, https://openalex.org/W2797309738, https://openalex.org/W3025703304, https://openalex.org/W2597831797, https://openalex.org/W3130561861, https://openalex.org/W4226270396, https://openalex.org/W4285290739, https://openalex.org/W2887640328, https://openalex.org/W2771152181, https://openalex.org/W2964255619, https://openalex.org/W2966028448, https://openalex.org/W2901850888, https://openalex.org/W2939073705, https://openalex.org/W2963801560, https://openalex.org/W2567666012, https://openalex.org/W2277149566, https://openalex.org/W2663542053, https://openalex.org/W2774912636, https://openalex.org/W2887019724, https://openalex.org/W2613040410, https://openalex.org/W2790615195, https://openalex.org/W4281702779, https://openalex.org/W2785915973, https://openalex.org/W2521138521, https://openalex.org/W2952126000, https://openalex.org/W3029889483, https://openalex.org/W3133719844, https://openalex.org/W3102968146, https://openalex.org/W3104373982 |
| referenced_works_count | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 6, 75, 130, 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.5G | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 16, 139, 190, 216, 264 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dB | 266 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 102, 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 5, 60, 84, 173, 202, 231 |
| abstract_inverted_index.it | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 2, 27, 38, 51, 71, 95, 99, 105, 136, 155, 213, 224, 237, 257 |
| abstract_inverted_index.or | 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 79, 91, 118, 178, 186, 209, 233 |
| abstract_inverted_index.100 | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.3rd | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.50% | 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.5th | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.STC | 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 31, 47, 116, 122, 192, 222, 260, 272 |
| abstract_inverted_index.bit | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.can | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 35, 43, 113, 125, 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 17, 25, 36, 41, 49, 69, 93, 100, 103, 111, 134, 152, 176, 194, 206, 211, 220, 225, 227, 235, 238, 246, 250, 255, 262, 269 |
| abstract_inverted_index.was | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.way | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.3.22 | 265 |
| abstract_inverted_index.BER. | 273 |
| abstract_inverted_index.PAPR | 236, 263 |
| abstract_inverted_index.data | 123, 162, 259 |
| abstract_inverted_index.each | 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.have | 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rate | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.same | 270 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 12, 66, 86, 204, 245 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.time | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 24, 48, 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.work | 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(BER) | 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(QoS) | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.error | 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.first | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.grows | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.known | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.paves | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.power | 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rates | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ratio | 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.usage | 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.using | 140, 249 |
| abstract_inverted_index.vital | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.while | 218, 267 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(3GPP) | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(OFDM) | 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.NB-IoT | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Rel-13 | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Things | 3, 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.amount | 256 |
| abstract_inverted_index.beyond | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.demand | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.device | 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.double | 217 |
| abstract_inverted_index.linked | 52, 214 |
| abstract_inverted_index.losing | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lowers | 261 |
| abstract_inverted_index.method | 11, 131, 150, 248 |
| abstract_inverted_index.number | 50, 70, 135, 212 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reduce | 187, 234 |
| abstract_inverted_index.symbol | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.within | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.µ-law | 228, 251 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(LPWAN) | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.article | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.context | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.develop | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.devices | 54, 73, 138, 215 |
| abstract_inverted_index.doubles | 254 |
| abstract_inverted_index.enhance | 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fulfill | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.keeping | 219, 268 |
| abstract_inverted_index.network | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.project | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.purpose | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.quality | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reduces | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.results | 243 |
| abstract_inverted_index.satisfy | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.scarce, | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.service | 81, 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.without | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(IoT).As | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(NB-IoT) | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Internet | 1, 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.approach | 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.becoming | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.billion, | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.capacity | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cellular | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.creative | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.criteria | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.enabling | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.exploits | 205 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increase | 68, 210 |
| abstract_inverted_index.indicate | 244 |
| abstract_inverted_index.launched | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.networks | 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.obtained | 241 |
| abstract_inverted_index.occupied | 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proposed | 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reaching | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.resource | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.services | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.spectral | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.spectrum | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.suggests | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.wireless | 53, 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(5G).This | 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(STC).The | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.STC-based | 200 |
| abstract_inverted_index.academics | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.affecting | 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.available | 207 |
| abstract_inverted_index.bandwidth | 154, 188, 208 |
| abstract_inverted_index.connected | 72, 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.efficient | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increased | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.leveraged | 232 |
| abstract_inverted_index.low-cost, | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.low-power | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.solutions | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.suggested | 149, 203, 247 |
| abstract_inverted_index.technique | 142, 201, 230, 253 |
| abstract_inverted_index.wide-area | 8, 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.companding | 229, 252 |
| abstract_inverted_index.complexity | 221, 271 |
| abstract_inverted_index.generation | 19, 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increasing | 133, 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.literature | 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.low-power, | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.orthogonal | 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.restricted | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.simulation | 242 |
| abstract_inverted_index.techniques | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Narrow-band | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.complexity, | 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compression | 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.connections | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.partnership | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.performance | 223 |
| abstract_inverted_index.signals.The | 240 |
| abstract_inverted_index.throughput, | 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.transferred | 258 |
| abstract_inverted_index.transmitted | 239 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conventional | 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multiplexing | 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.over-the-air | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.necessitating | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.NB-IoT.Whereas, | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.peak-to-average | 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.performance.The | 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.frequency-division | 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.needs.Consequently, | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.system.Furthermore, | 226 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(PAPR).Specifically, | 198 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 94 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 89 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 4 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.56537632 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |