Dynamic modulation of toroidal bound states in the continuum with suppressed continuum energy Article Swipe

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Xintong Shi , Feng Deng , Rui Zhou , Yunfei Li , Zihao Yu , Tingting Liu , Hai Lin , Shu‐Yuan Xiao ·

YOU? · · 2025 · Open Access · · DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ae24a1

Bound states in the continuum (BICs) enable ultrahigh-Q photonic resonators critical for advanced optoelectronics, yet their dynamic reconfigurability, particularly modulation depth in single-resonance systems, remains fundamentally limited. We overcome this by synergistically coupling a toroidal dipole quasi-BIC with a Fabry-Pérot (F-P) resonance in a graphene-integrated metasurface. Through overdamped mode hybridization and graphene's gate-tunable complex conductivity, the system achieves record modulation depth of 97.7% at 1550 nm while dynamically tuning Q-factors from 240 to 2600. This dual-resonance architecture simultaneously enables spectral agility and critical coupling absorption, resolving the long-standing trade-off between ultrahigh-Q confinement and reconfigurability for intelligent photonic devices.

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Quantum Electrodynamics

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Physics Resonator Toroid Modulation (music) Reconfigurability Photonics Coupling (piping) Coupling strength Dipole Mode coupling Resonance (particle physics) Bound state Quantum mechanics Mode (computer interface) Quantum electrodynamics Energy (signal processing) Electromagnetically induced transparency

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Landing Page: https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ae24a1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ae24a1

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Title: Dynamic modulation of toroidal bound states in the continuum with suppressed continuum energy

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Publication year: 2025

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Publication date: 2025-11-26

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Authors: Xintong Shi, Feng Deng, Rui Zhou, Yunfei Li, Zihao Yu, Tingting Liu, Hai Lin, Shu‐Yuan Xiao

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Landing page: https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ae24a1

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Concepts: Physics, Resonator, Toroid, Modulation (music), Reconfigurability, Photonics, Coupling (piping), Coupling strength, Dipole, Mode coupling, Resonance (particle physics), Bound state, Quantum mechanics, Mode (computer interface), Quantum electrodynamics, Energy (signal processing), Electromagnetically induced transparency

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