Educational Blockchain: A Secure Degree Attestation and Verification Traceability Architecture for Higher Education Commission Article Swipe
Abdullah Ayub Khan
,
Asif Ali Laghari
,
Aftab Ahmed Shaikh
,
Sami Bourouis
,
Amir Madany Mamlouk
,
Hammam Alshazly
·
YOU?
·
· 2021
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/app112210917
YOU?
·
· 2021
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/app112210917
Degree attestation verification and traceability are complex one-to-one processes between the Higher Education Commission (HEC) and universities. The procedure shifted to the digitalized manner, but still, on a certain note, manual authentication is required. In the initial process, the university verified the degree and stamp seal first. Then, a physical channel of degree submission to the receiving ends is activated. After that, the degree is attested while properly examining and analyzing the tamper records related to degree credentials through e-communication with the university for verification and validation. This issue poses a serious challenge to educational information integrity and privacy. Potentially, blockchain technology could become a standardized platform to perform tasks including issuing, verifying, auditing, and tracing immutable records, which would enable the HEC, universities, and Federal Education Ministry (FEM) to quickly and easily get attested and investigate the forge proof versions of certificates. Besides, decentralized distributed data blocks in chronological order provide high security between distributed ledgers, consensus engine, digital signature, smart contracts, permissioned application, and private network node transactions that guarantee degree record validation and traceability. This paper presents an architecture (HEDU-Ledger) and detail design of blockchain-enabled hyperledger fabric applications implementation for degree attestation verification and traceable direct channel design between HEC and universities. The hyperledger fabric endorses attestation records first, and then validates (committer) the degree and maintains the secure chain of tracing between stakeholder peer nodes. Furthermore, this HEDU-Ledger architecture avoids language and administrative barriers. It also provides robustness in terms of security and privacy of records and maintains integrity with secure preservation as compared to that of the other state-of-the-art methods.
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Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/app112210917
- https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/22/10917/pdf?version=1637288334
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 95
- References
- 46
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W3211359993
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
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https://openalex.org/W3211359993Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
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https://doi.org/10.3390/app112210917Digital Object Identifier
- Title
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Educational Blockchain: A Secure Degree Attestation and Verification Traceability Architecture for Higher Education CommissionWork title
- Type
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articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
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enPrimary language
- Publication year
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2021Year of publication
- Publication date
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2021-11-18Full publication date if available
- Authors
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Abdullah Ayub Khan, Asif Ali Laghari, Aftab Ahmed Shaikh, Sami Bourouis, Amir Madany Mamlouk, Hammam AlshazlyList of authors in order
- Landing page
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https://doi.org/10.3390/app112210917Publisher landing page
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https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/22/10917/pdf?version=1637288334Direct link to full text PDF
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YesWhether a free full text is available
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goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
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https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/22/10917/pdf?version=1637288334Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
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Computer science, Blockchain, Traceability, Computer security, Tracing, Digital signature, Hash function, Software engineering, Programming languageTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
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95Total citation count in OpenAlex
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2025: 27, 2024: 31, 2023: 18, 2022: 18, 2021: 1Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
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10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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