Effectiveness of implementation strategies for increasing clinicians’ use of five validated imaging decision rules for musculoskeletal injuries: a systematic review Article Swipe
Priti Kharel
,
Joshua R Zadro
,
Grace Lai‐Hung Wong
,
Kittirut Rojanabenjawong
,
Adrian C. Traeger
,
James Linklater
,
Christopher G. Maher
·
YOU?
·
· 2024
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-024-00996-x
YOU?
·
· 2024
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-024-00996-x
Background Strategies to enhance clinicians’ adherence to validated imaging decision rules and increase the appropriateness of imaging remain unclear. Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of various implementation strategies for increasing clinicians’ use of five validated imaging decision rules (Ottawa Ankle Rules, Ottawa Knee Rule, Canadian C-Spine Rule, National Emergency X-Radiography Utilization Study and Canadian Computed Tomography Head Rule). Design Systematic review. Methods The inclusion criteria were experimental, quasi-experimental study designs comprising randomised controlled trials (RCTs), non-randomised controlled trials, and single-arm trials (i.e. prospective observational studies) of implementation interventions in any care setting. The search encompassed electronic databases up to March 11, 2024, including MEDLINE (via Ovid), CINAHL (via EBSCO), EMBASE (via Ovid), Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science, and Scopus. Two reviewers assessed the risk of bias of studies independently using the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organization of Care Group (EPOC) risk of bias tool. The primary outcome was clinicians’ use of decision rules. Secondary outcomes included imaging use (indicated, non-indicated and overall) and knowledge of the rules. Results We included 22 studies (5-RCTs, 1-non-RCT and 16-single-arm trials), conducted in emergency care settings in six countries (USA, Canada, UK, Australia, Ireland and France). One RCT suggested that reminders may be effective at increasing clinicians’ use of Ottawa Ankle Rules but may also increase the use of ankle radiography. Two RCTs that combined multiple intervention strategies showed mixed results for ankle imaging and head CT use. One combining educational meetings and materials on Ottawa Ankle Rules reduced ankle injury imaging among ED physicians, while another, with similar efforts plus clinical practice guidelines and reminders for the Canadian CT Head Rule, increased CT imaging for head injuries. For knowledge, one RCT suggested that distributing guidelines had a limited short-term impact but improved clinicians’ long-term knowledge of the Ottawa Ankle Rules. Conclusion Interventions such as pop-up reminders, educational meetings, and posters may improve adherence to the Ottawa Ankle Rules, Ottawa Knee Rule, and Canadian CT Head Rule. Reminders may reduce non-indicated imaging for knee and ankle injuries. The uncertain quality of evidence indicates the need for well-conducted RCTs to establish effectiveness of implementation strategies.
Related Topics
Concepts
Metadata
- Type
- review
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-024-00996-x
- https://bmcemergmed.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12873-024-00996-x
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 4
- References
- 49
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4397015317
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4397015317Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-024-00996-xDigital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Effectiveness of implementation strategies for increasing clinicians’ use of five validated imaging decision rules for musculoskeletal injuries: a systematic reviewWork title
- Type
-
reviewOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2024Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2024-05-17Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Priti Kharel, Joshua R Zadro, Grace Lai‐Hung Wong, Kittirut Rojanabenjawong, Adrian C. Traeger, James Linklater, Christopher G. MaherList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-024-00996-xPublisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://bmcemergmed.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12873-024-00996-xDirect link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://bmcemergmed.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12873-024-00996-xDirect OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Medicine, MEDLINE, Intensive care medicine, Physical therapy, Medical physics, Political science, LawTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
4Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 3, 2024: 1Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
49Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4397015317 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-024-00996-x |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-024-00996-x |
| ids.pmid | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38760697 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4397015317 |
| fwci | 3.27629527 |
| mesh[0].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[0].descriptor_ui | D006801 |
| mesh[0].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[0].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[0].descriptor_name | Humans |
| mesh[1].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[1].descriptor_ui | D000081415 |
| mesh[1].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[1].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[1].descriptor_name | Clinical Decision Rules |
| mesh[2].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[2].descriptor_ui | D019983 |
| mesh[2].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[2].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[2].descriptor_name | Guideline Adherence |
| mesh[3].qualifier_ui | Q000293 |
| mesh[3].descriptor_ui | D009141 |
| mesh[3].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[3].qualifier_name | injuries |
| mesh[3].descriptor_name | Musculoskeletal System |
| mesh[4].qualifier_ui | Q000000981 |
| mesh[4].descriptor_ui | D009141 |
| mesh[4].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[4].qualifier_name | diagnostic imaging |
| mesh[4].descriptor_name | Musculoskeletal System |
| mesh[5].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[5].descriptor_ui | D014057 |
| mesh[5].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[5].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[5].descriptor_name | Tomography, X-Ray Computed |
| mesh[6].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[6].descriptor_ui | D006801 |
| mesh[6].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[6].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[6].descriptor_name | Humans |
| mesh[7].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[7].descriptor_ui | D000081415 |
| mesh[7].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[7].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[7].descriptor_name | Clinical Decision Rules |
| mesh[8].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[8].descriptor_ui | D019983 |
| mesh[8].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[8].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[8].descriptor_name | Guideline Adherence |
| mesh[9].qualifier_ui | Q000293 |
| mesh[9].descriptor_ui | D009141 |
| mesh[9].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[9].qualifier_name | injuries |
| mesh[9].descriptor_name | Musculoskeletal System |
| mesh[10].qualifier_ui | Q000000981 |
| mesh[10].descriptor_ui | D009141 |
| mesh[10].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[10].qualifier_name | diagnostic imaging |
| mesh[10].descriptor_name | Musculoskeletal System |
| mesh[11].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[11].descriptor_ui | D014057 |
| mesh[11].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[11].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[11].descriptor_name | Tomography, X-Ray Computed |
| mesh[12].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[12].descriptor_ui | D006801 |
| mesh[12].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[12].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[12].descriptor_name | Humans |
| mesh[13].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[13].descriptor_ui | D000081415 |
| mesh[13].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[13].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[13].descriptor_name | Clinical Decision Rules |
| mesh[14].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[14].descriptor_ui | D019983 |
| mesh[14].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[14].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[14].descriptor_name | Guideline Adherence |
| mesh[15].qualifier_ui | Q000293 |
| mesh[15].descriptor_ui | D009141 |
| mesh[15].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[15].qualifier_name | injuries |
| mesh[15].descriptor_name | Musculoskeletal System |
| mesh[16].qualifier_ui | Q000000981 |
| mesh[16].descriptor_ui | D009141 |
| mesh[16].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[16].qualifier_name | diagnostic imaging |
| mesh[16].descriptor_name | Musculoskeletal System |
| mesh[17].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[17].descriptor_ui | D014057 |
| mesh[17].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[17].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[17].descriptor_name | Tomography, X-Ray Computed |
| type | review |
| title | Effectiveness of implementation strategies for increasing clinicians’ use of five validated imaging decision rules for musculoskeletal injuries: a systematic review |
| biblio.issue | 1 |
| biblio.volume | 24 |
| biblio.last_page | 84 |
| biblio.first_page | 84 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T11894 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Medicine |
| topics[0].score | 0.9962000250816345 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2741 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging |
| topics[0].display_name | Radiology practices and education |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T12154 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Medicine |
| topics[1].score | 0.9958999752998352 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2746 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Surgery |
| topics[1].display_name | Pelvic and Acetabular Injuries |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T11509 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Medicine |
| topics[2].score | 0.9929999709129333 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2746 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Surgery |
| topics[2].display_name | Hip and Femur Fractures |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 1490 |
| apc_list.currency | GBP |
| apc_list.value_usd | 1827 |
| apc_paid.value | 1490 |
| apc_paid.currency | GBP |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 1827 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C71924100 |
| concepts[0].level | 0 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.9467835426330566 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Medicine |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C2779473830 |
| concepts[1].level | 2 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.48399806022644043 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899 |
| concepts[1].display_name | MEDLINE |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C177713679 |
| concepts[2].level | 1 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.42986708879470825 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Intensive care medicine |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C1862650 |
| concepts[3].level | 1 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.40020623803138733 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Physical therapy |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C19527891 |
| concepts[4].level | 1 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.3949454724788666 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120908 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Medical physics |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C17744445 |
| concepts[5].level | 0 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Political science |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C199539241 |
| concepts[6].level | 1 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Law |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine |
| keywords[0].score | 0.9467835426330566 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Medicine |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/medline |
| keywords[1].score | 0.48399806022644043 |
| keywords[1].display_name | MEDLINE |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/intensive-care-medicine |
| keywords[2].score | 0.42986708879470825 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Intensive care medicine |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-therapy |
| keywords[3].score | 0.40020623803138733 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Physical therapy |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-physics |
| keywords[4].score | 0.3949454724788666 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Medical physics |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.1186/s12873-024-00996-x |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S260102 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 1471-227X |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 1471-227X |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | BMC Emergency Medicine |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320256 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | BioMed Central |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320256, https://openalex.org/P4310319965 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | BioMed Central, Springer Nature |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://bmcemergmed.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12873-024-00996-x |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | BMC Emergency Medicine |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-024-00996-x |
| locations[1].id | pmid:38760697 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306525036 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | PubMed |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | True |
| locations[1].is_published | True |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | BMC emergency medicine |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38760697 |
| locations[2].id | pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6388bc09dcd34eba9ffe96ccfe85cbf6 |
| locations[2].is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401280 |
| locations[2].source.issn | |
| locations[2].source.type | repository |
| locations[2].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.issn_l | |
| locations[2].source.is_core | False |
| locations[2].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[2].source.display_name | DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
| locations[2].source.host_organization | |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[2].license | |
| locations[2].pdf_url | |
| locations[2].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | article |
| locations[2].license_id | |
| locations[2].is_accepted | False |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | BMC Emergency Medicine, Vol 24, Iss 1, Pp 1-20 (2024) |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | https://doaj.org/article/6388bc09dcd34eba9ffe96ccfe85cbf6 |
| locations[3].id | pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11100091 |
| locations[3].is_oa | True |
| locations[3].source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764455111 |
| locations[3].source.issn | |
| locations[3].source.type | repository |
| locations[3].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[3].source.issn_l | |
| locations[3].source.is_core | False |
| locations[3].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[3].source.display_name | PubMed Central |
| locations[3].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[3].license | other-oa |
| locations[3].pdf_url | |
| locations[3].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[3].raw_type | Text |
| locations[3].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa |
| locations[3].is_accepted | False |
| locations[3].is_published | False |
| locations[3].raw_source_name | BMC Emerg Med |
| locations[3].landing_page_url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11100091 |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj, pubmed |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5014730332 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5384-6515 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Priti Kharel |
| authorships[0].countries | AU |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I129604602, https://openalex.org/I2799732068 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | The University of Sydney, Sydney Musculoskeletal Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia, PO Box M179, Priti Kharel - Level 10 North, King George V Building, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Road, 2050 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I2799732068 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05gpvde20 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I2799732068 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | AU |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Royal Prince Alfred Hospital |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I129604602 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/0384j8v12 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I129604602 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].country_code | AU |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].display_name | The University of Sydney |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Priti Kharel |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | The University of Sydney, Sydney Musculoskeletal Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia, PO Box M179, Priti Kharel - Level 10 North, King George V Building, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Road, 2050 |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5034499376 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8981-2125 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Joshua R Zadro |
| authorships[1].countries | AU |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I129604602, https://openalex.org/I2799732068 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | The University of Sydney, Sydney Musculoskeletal Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia, PO Box M179, Priti Kharel - Level 10 North, King George V Building, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Road, 2050 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I2799732068 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05gpvde20 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I2799732068 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | AU |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Royal Prince Alfred Hospital |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I129604602 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/0384j8v12 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I129604602 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].country_code | AU |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].display_name | The University of Sydney |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Joshua R. Zadro |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | The University of Sydney, Sydney Musculoskeletal Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia, PO Box M179, Priti Kharel - Level 10 North, King George V Building, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Road, 2050 |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5087968813 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2863-9389 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Grace Lai‐Hung Wong |
| authorships[2].countries | AU |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I129604602 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I129604602 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/0384j8v12 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I129604602 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | AU |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | The University of Sydney |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Grace Wong |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5098680493 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Kittirut Rojanabenjawong |
| authorships[3].countries | AU |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I129604602 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I129604602 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/0384j8v12 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I129604602 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | AU |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | The University of Sydney |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Kittirut Rojanabenjawong |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5023198261 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1646-1907 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Adrian C. Traeger |
| authorships[4].countries | AU |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I129604602, https://openalex.org/I2799732068 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | The University of Sydney, Sydney Musculoskeletal Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia, PO Box M179, Priti Kharel - Level 10 North, King George V Building, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Road, 2050 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I2799732068 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05gpvde20 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I2799732068 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | AU |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | Royal Prince Alfred Hospital |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I129604602 |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/0384j8v12 |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I129604602 |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].country_code | AU |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].display_name | The University of Sydney |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Adrian Traeger |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | The University of Sydney, Sydney Musculoskeletal Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia, PO Box M179, Priti Kharel - Level 10 North, King George V Building, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Road, 2050 |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5039609745 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5818-2025 |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | James Linklater |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Castlereagh Imaging, Sydney, NSW, Australia |
| authorships[5].author_position | middle |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | James Linklater |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings | Castlereagh Imaging, Sydney, NSW, Australia |
| authorships[6].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5012328768 |
| authorships[6].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1628-7857 |
| authorships[6].author.display_name | Christopher G. Maher |
| authorships[6].countries | AU |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I129604602, https://openalex.org/I2799732068 |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | The University of Sydney, Sydney Musculoskeletal Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia, PO Box M179, Priti Kharel - Level 10 North, King George V Building, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Road, 2050 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I2799732068 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05gpvde20 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I2799732068 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].country_code | AU |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].display_name | Royal Prince Alfred Hospital |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I129604602 |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/0384j8v12 |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I129604602 |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].country_code | AU |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].display_name | The University of Sydney |
| authorships[6].author_position | last |
| authorships[6].raw_author_name | Christopher G. Maher |
| authorships[6].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[6].raw_affiliation_strings | The University of Sydney, Sydney Musculoskeletal Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia, PO Box M179, Priti Kharel - Level 10 North, King George V Building, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Road, 2050 |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | False |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://bmcemergmed.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12873-024-00996-x |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Effectiveness of implementation strategies for increasing clinicians’ use of five validated imaging decision rules for musculoskeletal injuries: a systematic review |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T11894 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Medicine |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9962000250816345 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2741 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging |
| primary_topic.display_name | Radiology practices and education |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2748952813, https://openalex.org/W3031052312, https://openalex.org/W4389568370, https://openalex.org/W3032375762, https://openalex.org/W1995515455, https://openalex.org/W2080531066, https://openalex.org/W3108674512, https://openalex.org/W1506200166, https://openalex.org/W1489783725, https://openalex.org/W2148612803 |
| cited_by_count | 4 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 3 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 1 |
| locations_count | 4 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.1186/s12873-024-00996-x |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S260102 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 1471-227X |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 1471-227X |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | BMC Emergency Medicine |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320256 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | BioMed Central |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320256, https://openalex.org/P4310319965 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | BioMed Central, Springer Nature |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://bmcemergmed.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12873-024-00996-x |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | BMC Emergency Medicine |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-024-00996-x |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.1186/s12873-024-00996-x |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S260102 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 1471-227X |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 1471-227X |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | BMC Emergency Medicine |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320256 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | BioMed Central |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320256, https://openalex.org/P4310319965 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | BioMed Central, Springer Nature |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://bmcemergmed.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12873-024-00996-x |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | BMC Emergency Medicine |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-024-00996-x |
| publication_date | 2024-05-17 |
| publication_year | 2024 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W2065634778, https://openalex.org/W1967468365, https://openalex.org/W2554816291, https://openalex.org/W2171290876, https://openalex.org/W2133502023, https://openalex.org/W2328089583, https://openalex.org/W2152956618, https://openalex.org/W2072887398, https://openalex.org/W2035069086, https://openalex.org/W1894449584, https://openalex.org/W4294215472, https://openalex.org/W4388626043, https://openalex.org/W1998874949, https://openalex.org/W3191406628, https://openalex.org/W1924700978, https://openalex.org/W2140544489, https://openalex.org/W2594610163, https://openalex.org/W2188821061, https://openalex.org/W147323777, https://openalex.org/W1976310520, https://openalex.org/W2415765154, https://openalex.org/W2100110922, https://openalex.org/W2415758885, https://openalex.org/W4387966593, https://openalex.org/W3092517641, https://openalex.org/W2027420563, https://openalex.org/W2133685676, https://openalex.org/W4367336079, https://openalex.org/W1979866174, https://openalex.org/W2022358196, https://openalex.org/W2125095974, https://openalex.org/W1977690535, https://openalex.org/W3124388115, https://openalex.org/W2530129053, https://openalex.org/W141527241, https://openalex.org/W2039461472, https://openalex.org/W2061951556, https://openalex.org/W4283161534, https://openalex.org/W2038028146, https://openalex.org/W163425086, https://openalex.org/W2463040516, https://openalex.org/W2807208306, https://openalex.org/W2112151119, https://openalex.org/W246286872, https://openalex.org/W1968350578, https://openalex.org/W4303646827, https://openalex.org/W2156098321, https://openalex.org/W2995332498, https://openalex.org/W857718391 |
| referenced_works_count | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 284 |
| abstract_inverted_index.22 | 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.CT | 233, 266, 270, 321 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ED | 250 |
| abstract_inverted_index.To | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.We | 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 301 |
| abstract_inverted_index.at | 201 |
| abstract_inverted_index.be | 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 89, 179, 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 16, 25, 33, 86, 116, 125, 127, 137, 142, 151, 165, 205, 215, 293, 337, 348 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 241 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 3, 7, 99, 311, 345 |
| abstract_inverted_index.up | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.11, | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.For | 275 |
| abstract_inverted_index.One | 193, 235 |
| abstract_inverted_index.RCT | 194, 278 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 63, 93, 145, 334 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Two | 120, 218 |
| abstract_inverted_index.UK, | 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Web | 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 12, 53, 79, 118, 135, 161, 163, 175, 191, 231, 239, 261, 306, 319, 331 |
| abstract_inverted_index.any | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.but | 209, 288 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 29, 228, 263, 272, 329, 342 |
| abstract_inverted_index.had | 283 |
| abstract_inverted_index.may | 198, 210, 308, 325 |
| abstract_inverted_index.one | 277 |
| abstract_inverted_index.six | 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 14, 23, 123, 131, 166, 213, 264, 294, 312, 340 |
| abstract_inverted_index.use | 32, 150, 158, 204, 214 |
| abstract_inverted_index.was | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(via | 105, 108, 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Care | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Head | 57, 267, 322 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Knee | 43, 317 |
| abstract_inverted_index.RCTs | 219, 344 |
| abstract_inverted_index.also | 211 |
| abstract_inverted_index.bias | 126, 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.care | 91, 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.five | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.head | 232, 273 |
| abstract_inverted_index.knee | 330 |
| abstract_inverted_index.need | 341 |
| abstract_inverted_index.plus | 257 |
| abstract_inverted_index.risk | 124, 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.such | 300 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 196, 220, 280 |
| abstract_inverted_index.use. | 234 |
| abstract_inverted_index.were | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 254 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(USA, | 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(i.e. | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2024, | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Ankle | 40, 207, 243, 296, 314 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Group | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.March | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Rule, | 44, 47, 268, 318 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Rule. | 323 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Rules | 208, 244 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Study | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.among | 249 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ankle | 216, 229, 246, 332 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mixed | 226 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rules | 11, 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tool. | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.using | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.while | 252 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(EPOC) | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.CINAHL | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Design | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.EMBASE | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Ottawa | 42, 206, 242, 295, 313, 316 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Ovid), | 106, 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Rule). | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Rules, | 41, 315 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Rules. | 297 |
| abstract_inverted_index.impact | 287 |
| abstract_inverted_index.injury | 247 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pop-up | 302 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reduce | 326 |
| abstract_inverted_index.remain | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rules. | 153, 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.search | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.showed | 225 |
| abstract_inverted_index.trials | 74, 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(Ottawa | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(RCTs), | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.C-Spine | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Canada, | 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.EBSCO), | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Ireland | 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.MEDLINE | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Methods | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Results | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Scopus. | 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.designs | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.efforts | 256 |
| abstract_inverted_index.enhance | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.imaging | 9, 17, 36, 157, 230, 248, 271, 328 |
| abstract_inverted_index.improve | 309 |
| abstract_inverted_index.limited | 285 |
| abstract_inverted_index.outcome | 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.posters | 307 |
| abstract_inverted_index.primary | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.quality | 336 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reduced | 245 |
| abstract_inverted_index.results | 227 |
| abstract_inverted_index.review. | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.similar | 255 |
| abstract_inverted_index.studies | 128, 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.trials, | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.various | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(5-RCTs, | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Abstract | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.CENTRAL, | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Canadian | 45, 54, 265, 320 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Cochrane | 113, 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Computed | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.France). | 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.National | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Practice | 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Science, | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.another, | 253 |
| abstract_inverted_index.assessed | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.clinical | 258 |
| abstract_inverted_index.combined | 221 |
| abstract_inverted_index.criteria | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.decision | 10, 37, 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evaluate | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evidence | 338 |
| abstract_inverted_index.improved | 289 |
| abstract_inverted_index.included | 156, 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increase | 13, 212 |
| abstract_inverted_index.meetings | 238 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multiple | 222 |
| abstract_inverted_index.outcomes | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.overall) | 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.practice | 259 |
| abstract_inverted_index.setting. | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.settings | 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.studies) | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.trials), | 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.unclear. | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1-non-RCT | 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Effective | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Emergency | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Objective | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Reminders | 324 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Secondary | 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.adherence | 6, 310 |
| abstract_inverted_index.combining | 236 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conducted | 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.countries | 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.databases | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effective | 200 |
| abstract_inverted_index.emergency | 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.establish | 346 |
| abstract_inverted_index.including | 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.inclusion | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increased | 269 |
| abstract_inverted_index.indicates | 339 |
| abstract_inverted_index.injuries. | 274, 333 |
| abstract_inverted_index.knowledge | 164, 292 |
| abstract_inverted_index.long-term | 291 |
| abstract_inverted_index.materials | 240 |
| abstract_inverted_index.meetings, | 305 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reminders | 197, 262 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reviewers | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.suggested | 195, 279 |
| abstract_inverted_index.uncertain | 335 |
| abstract_inverted_index.validated | 8, 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Australia, | 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Background | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Conclusion | 298 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Strategies | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Systematic | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Tomography | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.comprising | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.controlled | 73, 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.electronic | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.guidelines | 260, 282 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increasing | 30, 202 |
| abstract_inverted_index.knowledge, | 276 |
| abstract_inverted_index.randomised | 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reminders, | 303 |
| abstract_inverted_index.short-term | 286 |
| abstract_inverted_index.single-arm | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.strategies | 28, 224 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(indicated, | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Utilization | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.educational | 237, 304 |
| abstract_inverted_index.encompassed | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.physicians, | 251 |
| abstract_inverted_index.prospective | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.strategies. | 350 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Organization | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.distributing | 281 |
| abstract_inverted_index.intervention | 223 |
| abstract_inverted_index.radiography. | 217 |
| abstract_inverted_index.16-single-arm | 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Interventions | 299 |
| abstract_inverted_index.X-Radiography | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.clinicians’ | 5, 31, 149, 203, 290 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effectiveness | 24, 347 |
| abstract_inverted_index.experimental, | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.independently | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interventions | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.non-indicated | 160, 327 |
| abstract_inverted_index.observational | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.implementation | 27, 87, 349 |
| abstract_inverted_index.non-randomised | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.well-conducted | 343 |
| abstract_inverted_index.appropriateness | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.quasi-experimental | 68 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 97 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 90 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5014730332 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 7 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I129604602, https://openalex.org/I2799732068 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.5099999904632568 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Peace, Justice and strong institutions |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.86951086 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | True |