Effects of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) on quality of life: A systematic review and meta-analysis Article Swipe
Zainab Alimoradi
,
Elahe Jafari
,
Anders Broström
,
Maurice M. Ohayon
,
Chung‐Ying Lin
,
Mark D. Griffiths
,
Kerstin Blom
,
Susanna Jernelöv
,
Viktor Kaldo
,
Amir H. Pakpour
·
YOU?
·
· 2022
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101646
YOU?
·
· 2022
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101646
The effects of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) have consistently been shown to improve insomnia symptoms and other health-related outcomes, but the effects on QoL have been inconsistent. Many factors including the type CBT-I delivery and type of instrument used to assess QoL make the topic complex. The present systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized the evidence of CBT-I efficacy on QoL outcomes across different populations, delivery modes, and methodological aspects. Following the guidelines on preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), a literature search was conducted through PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and PsycINFO using keywords from relevant MeSH terms based on PICOS (Participants, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome and Study) criteria. Clinical trials investigating the effect of CBT-I as an intervention on QoL with any kind of control group were eligible if they reported mean scores and variation of QoL. Meta-analysis using a random-effect model was conducted to calculate the standardized mean differences (SMDs) in a set including all identified studies, as well as in three sub-sets: face-to-face CBT-I using randomized controlled trials (RCTs), online CBT-I using RCTs, and one-group pre- and post-treatment design. A total of 24 studies comprising 1977 participants (808 in an intervention group) from 12 countries were eligible for meta-analysis. The overall pooled estimate of SMD of QoL when all 24 studies were included was 0.47 (95% CI: 0.22; 0.72; I2 = 84.5%; tau2 = 0.31; p < 0.001). The overall pooled estimate of SMD of QoL was 0.46 (95% CI: 0.01-0.90; I2 = 87.5%; tau2 = 0.48, p < 0.001) for intervention groups with face-to-face CBT-I compared to controls; 0.47 (95% CI: 0.02-0.92; I2 = 88.3%; tau2 = 0.36; p = 0.04) for intervention groups with digital CBT-I compared to controls, and 0.46 (95% CI: 0.12-0.80; I2 = 52.9%; tau2 = 0.07; p = 0.08) for one-group pre- and post-comparison using CBT-I intervention compared to baseline. Moreover, effects of CBT-I on QoL were different across populations (pooled SMD = 0.59 for patients with insomnia; 0.29 for patients with insomnia comorbid with another major disorder; and 0.48 for other conditions) and types of QoL instruments (pooled SMD = 0.36 for disease-specific QoL instrument not on insomnia, 0.43 for generic QoL instrument, and 0.67 for a single-QoL-item instrument). The probability of publication bias was ruled out in overall and design specific sub-group analysis based on funnel plot and Egger's test. In conclusion, this meta-analysis confirmed a moderate, overall effect of CBT-I in improving QoL. However, due to small power and heterogeneity, future studies are needed to better explore the impact of moderating factors such as mode of delivery and type of QoL measure for assessment used.
Related Topics
Concepts
Meta-analysis
PsycINFO
Randomized controlled trial
Cognitive behavioral therapy
Systematic review
Quality of life (healthcare)
Clinical psychology
MEDLINE
Medicine
Cognition
Intervention (counseling)
Insomnia
Physical therapy
Psychology
Psychotherapist
Psychiatry
Internal medicine
Political science
Law
Metadata
- Type
- review
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101646
- OA Status
- hybrid
- Cited By
- 134
- References
- 84
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4229460259
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4229460259Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101646Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Effects of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) on quality of life: A systematic review and meta-analysisWork title
- Type
-
reviewOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2022Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2022-05-10Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Zainab Alimoradi, Elahe Jafari, Anders Broström, Maurice M. Ohayon, Chung‐Ying Lin, Mark D. Griffiths, Kerstin Blom, Susanna Jernelöv, Viktor Kaldo, Amir H. PakpourList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101646Publisher landing page
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
hybridOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101646Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Meta-analysis, PsycINFO, Randomized controlled trial, Cognitive behavioral therapy, Systematic review, Quality of life (healthcare), Clinical psychology, MEDLINE, Medicine, Cognition, Intervention (counseling), Insomnia, Physical therapy, Psychology, Psychotherapist, Psychiatry, Internal medicine, Political science, LawTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
134Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 61, 2024: 36, 2023: 28, 2022: 8, 2014: 1Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
84Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4229460259 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101646 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101646 |
| ids.pmid | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35653951 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4229460259 |
| fwci | 32.71716941 |
| mesh[0].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[0].descriptor_ui | D015928 |
| mesh[0].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[0].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[0].descriptor_name | Cognitive Behavioral Therapy |
| mesh[1].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[1].descriptor_ui | D006801 |
| mesh[1].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[1].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[1].descriptor_name | Humans |
| mesh[2].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[2].descriptor_ui | D011788 |
| mesh[2].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[2].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[2].descriptor_name | Quality of Life |
| mesh[3].qualifier_ui | Q000628 |
| mesh[3].descriptor_ui | D007319 |
| mesh[3].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[3].qualifier_name | therapy |
| mesh[3].descriptor_name | Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders |
| mesh[4].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[4].descriptor_ui | D015928 |
| mesh[4].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[4].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[4].descriptor_name | Cognitive Behavioral Therapy |
| mesh[5].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[5].descriptor_ui | D006801 |
| mesh[5].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[5].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[5].descriptor_name | Humans |
| mesh[6].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[6].descriptor_ui | D011788 |
| mesh[6].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[6].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[6].descriptor_name | Quality of Life |
| mesh[7].qualifier_ui | Q000628 |
| mesh[7].descriptor_ui | D007319 |
| mesh[7].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[7].qualifier_name | therapy |
| mesh[7].descriptor_name | Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders |
| mesh[8].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[8].descriptor_ui | D015928 |
| mesh[8].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[8].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[8].descriptor_name | Cognitive Behavioral Therapy |
| mesh[9].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[9].descriptor_ui | D006801 |
| mesh[9].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[9].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[9].descriptor_name | Humans |
| mesh[10].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[10].descriptor_ui | D011788 |
| mesh[10].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[10].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[10].descriptor_name | Quality of Life |
| mesh[11].qualifier_ui | Q000628 |
| mesh[11].descriptor_ui | D007319 |
| mesh[11].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[11].qualifier_name | therapy |
| mesh[11].descriptor_name | Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders |
| type | review |
| title | Effects of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) on quality of life: A systematic review and meta-analysis |
| biblio.issue | |
| biblio.volume | 64 |
| biblio.last_page | 101646 |
| biblio.first_page | 101646 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10316 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/32 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Psychology |
| topics[0].score | 0.9998999834060669 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/2 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Social Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/3205 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Experimental and Cognitive Psychology |
| topics[0].display_name | Sleep and related disorders |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T10985 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/28 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Neuroscience |
| topics[1].score | 0.9962000250816345 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/1 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Life Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2805 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Cognitive Neuroscience |
| topics[1].display_name | Sleep and Wakefulness Research |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T13207 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/33 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Social Sciences |
| topics[2].score | 0.9847000241279602 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/2 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Social Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/3304 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Education |
| topics[2].display_name | Youth Substance Use and School Attendance |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 5170 |
| apc_list.currency | USD |
| apc_list.value_usd | 5170 |
| apc_paid.value | 5170 |
| apc_paid.currency | USD |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 5170 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C95190672 |
| concepts[0].level | 2 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.8041262030601501 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Meta-analysis |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C2779549880 |
| concepts[1].level | 3 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.767184853553772 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5542226 |
| concepts[1].display_name | PsycINFO |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C168563851 |
| concepts[2].level | 2 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.6611462831497192 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Randomized controlled trial |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C2781265626 |
| concepts[3].level | 3 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.540913462638855 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147152 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Cognitive behavioral therapy |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C189708586 |
| concepts[4].level | 3 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.5405802130699158 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Systematic review |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C2779951463 |
| concepts[5].level | 2 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.5357398986816406 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268788 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Quality of life (healthcare) |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C70410870 |
| concepts[6].level | 1 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.5314812660217285 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Clinical psychology |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C2779473830 |
| concepts[7].level | 2 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.5144310593605042 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899 |
| concepts[7].display_name | MEDLINE |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C71924100 |
| concepts[8].level | 0 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.4953209459781647 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Medicine |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C169900460 |
| concepts[9].level | 2 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.4704909324645996 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Cognition |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C2780665704 |
| concepts[10].level | 2 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.4658530354499817 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Intervention (counseling) |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C2781210498 |
| concepts[11].level | 2 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.4332504868507385 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1869874 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Insomnia |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C1862650 |
| concepts[12].level | 1 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.39667627215385437 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Physical therapy |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C15744967 |
| concepts[13].level | 0 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.33214178681373596 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Psychology |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C542102704 |
| concepts[14].level | 1 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.2548105716705322 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Psychotherapist |
| concepts[15].id | https://openalex.org/C118552586 |
| concepts[15].level | 1 |
| concepts[15].score | 0.2205999195575714 |
| concepts[15].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867 |
| concepts[15].display_name | Psychiatry |
| concepts[16].id | https://openalex.org/C126322002 |
| concepts[16].level | 1 |
| concepts[16].score | 0.1432340145111084 |
| concepts[16].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180 |
| concepts[16].display_name | Internal medicine |
| concepts[17].id | https://openalex.org/C17744445 |
| concepts[17].level | 0 |
| concepts[17].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[17].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442 |
| concepts[17].display_name | Political science |
| concepts[18].id | https://openalex.org/C199539241 |
| concepts[18].level | 1 |
| concepts[18].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[18].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748 |
| concepts[18].display_name | Law |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/meta-analysis |
| keywords[0].score | 0.8041262030601501 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Meta-analysis |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/psycinfo |
| keywords[1].score | 0.767184853553772 |
| keywords[1].display_name | PsycINFO |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/randomized-controlled-trial |
| keywords[2].score | 0.6611462831497192 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Randomized controlled trial |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-behavioral-therapy |
| keywords[3].score | 0.540913462638855 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Cognitive behavioral therapy |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/systematic-review |
| keywords[4].score | 0.5405802130699158 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Systematic review |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-life |
| keywords[5].score | 0.5357398986816406 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Quality of life (healthcare) |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-psychology |
| keywords[6].score | 0.5314812660217285 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Clinical psychology |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/medline |
| keywords[7].score | 0.5144310593605042 |
| keywords[7].display_name | MEDLINE |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine |
| keywords[8].score | 0.4953209459781647 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Medicine |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition |
| keywords[9].score | 0.4704909324645996 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Cognition |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/intervention |
| keywords[10].score | 0.4658530354499817 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Intervention (counseling) |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/insomnia |
| keywords[11].score | 0.4332504868507385 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Insomnia |
| keywords[12].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-therapy |
| keywords[12].score | 0.39667627215385437 |
| keywords[12].display_name | Physical therapy |
| keywords[13].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology |
| keywords[13].score | 0.33214178681373596 |
| keywords[13].display_name | Psychology |
| keywords[14].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/psychotherapist |
| keywords[14].score | 0.2548105716705322 |
| keywords[14].display_name | Psychotherapist |
| keywords[15].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/psychiatry |
| keywords[15].score | 0.2205999195575714 |
| keywords[15].display_name | Psychiatry |
| keywords[16].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine |
| keywords[16].score | 0.1432340145111084 |
| keywords[16].display_name | Internal medicine |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101646 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S28482811 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 1087-0792, 1532-2955 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 1087-0792 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Sleep Medicine Reviews |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Elsevier BV |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Sleep Medicine Reviews |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101646 |
| locations[1].id | pmid:35653951 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306525036 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | PubMed |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | True |
| locations[1].is_published | True |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | Sleep medicine reviews |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35653951 |
| locations[2].id | pmh:oai:irep.ntu.ac.uk:46395 |
| locations[2].is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400559 |
| locations[2].source.issn | |
| locations[2].source.type | repository |
| locations[2].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.issn_l | |
| locations[2].source.is_core | False |
| locations[2].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[2].source.display_name | Nottingham Trent University's Institutional Repository (Nottingham Trent Repository) |
| locations[2].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I52590639 |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_name | Nottingham Trent University |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I52590639 |
| locations[2].license | |
| locations[2].pdf_url | |
| locations[2].version | acceptedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | Article |
| locations[2].license_id | |
| locations[2].is_accepted | True |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | |
| locations[3].id | pmh:oai:DiVA.org:liu-187307 |
| locations[3].is_oa | True |
| locations[3].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400013 |
| locations[3].source.issn | |
| locations[3].source.type | repository |
| locations[3].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[3].source.issn_l | |
| locations[3].source.is_core | False |
| locations[3].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[3].source.display_name | Publications (Konstfack University of Arts, Crafts, and Design) |
| locations[3].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I218177685 |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_name | University College of Arts Crafts and Design |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I218177685 |
| locations[3].license | other-oa |
| locations[3].pdf_url | |
| locations[3].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[3].raw_type | Article, review/survey |
| locations[3].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa |
| locations[3].is_accepted | False |
| locations[3].is_published | False |
| locations[3].raw_source_name | |
| locations[3].landing_page_url | http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-187307 |
| locations[4].id | pmh:oai:DiVA.org:lnu-115625 |
| locations[4].is_oa | True |
| locations[4].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400013 |
| locations[4].source.issn | |
| locations[4].source.type | repository |
| locations[4].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[4].source.issn_l | |
| locations[4].source.is_core | False |
| locations[4].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[4].source.display_name | Publications (Konstfack University of Arts, Crafts, and Design) |
| locations[4].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I218177685 |
| locations[4].source.host_organization_name | University College of Arts Crafts and Design |
| locations[4].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I218177685 |
| locations[4].license | other-oa |
| locations[4].pdf_url | |
| locations[4].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[4].raw_type | text |
| locations[4].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa |
| locations[4].is_accepted | False |
| locations[4].is_published | False |
| locations[4].raw_source_name | |
| locations[4].landing_page_url | http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-115625 |
| indexed_in | crossref, pubmed |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5022984789 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5327-2411 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Zainab Alimoradi |
| authorships[0].countries | IR |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I64532579 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I64532579 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04sexa105 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210110574, https://openalex.org/I64532579 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | IR |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Qazvin University of Medical Sciences |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Zainab Alimoradi |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5067615691 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2553-8192 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Elahe Jafari |
| authorships[1].countries | IR |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I64532579 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I64532579 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04sexa105 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210110574, https://openalex.org/I64532579 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | IR |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Qazvin University of Medical Sciences |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Elahe Jafari |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5089057333 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0433-0619 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Anders Broström |
| authorships[2].countries | SE |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I94616838 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden |
| authorships[2].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210151885 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I94616838 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03t54am93 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I94616838 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | SE |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Jönköping University |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I4210151885 |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/05h1aye87 |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].type | healthcare |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210151885 |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].country_code | SE |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].display_name | Linköping University Hospital |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Anders Broström |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden, Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5017282652 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2757-5440 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Maurice M. Ohayon |
| authorships[3].countries | US |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I97018004 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Stanford Sleep Epidemiology Research Center (SSERC), School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA, USA |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I97018004 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00f54p054 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I97018004 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | Stanford University |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Maurice M. Ohayon |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Stanford Sleep Epidemiology Research Center (SSERC), School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA, USA |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5085673949 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2129-4242 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Chung‐Ying Lin |
| authorships[4].countries | TW |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210158999 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan |
| authorships[4].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I91807558 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan |
| authorships[4].affiliations[2].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I91807558 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[2].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan |
| authorships[4].affiliations[3].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I91807558 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[3].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I91807558 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01b8kcc49 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I91807558 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | TW |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | National Cheng Kung University |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I4210158999 |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/04zx3rq17 |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].type | healthcare |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210158999 |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].country_code | TW |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].display_name | National Cheng Kung University Hospital |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Chung-Ying Lin |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5008372095 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8880-6524 |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | Mark D. Griffiths |
| authorships[5].countries | GB |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I52590639 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I52590639 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04xyxjd90 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I52590639 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code | GB |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name | Nottingham Trent University |
| authorships[5].author_position | middle |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | Mark D. Griffiths |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings | International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK |
| authorships[6].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5071697608 |
| authorships[6].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6681-0554 |
| authorships[6].author.display_name | Kerstin Blom |
| authorships[6].countries | SE |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I28166907, https://openalex.org/I4210135665 |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, M58, Huddinge Hospital, SE-141 86, Stockholm, Sweden |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I28166907 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/056d84691 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I28166907 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].country_code | SE |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].display_name | Karolinska Institutet |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I4210135665 |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/04d5f4w73 |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].type | healthcare |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I2801939835, https://openalex.org/I4210135665 |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].country_code | SE |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].display_name | Stockholm Health Care Services |
| authorships[6].author_position | middle |
| authorships[6].raw_author_name | Kerstin Blom |
| authorships[6].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[6].raw_affiliation_strings | Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, M58, Huddinge Hospital, SE-141 86, Stockholm, Sweden |
| authorships[7].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5029552599 |
| authorships[7].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0633-8104 |
| authorships[7].author.display_name | Susanna Jernelöv |
| authorships[7].countries | SE |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I28166907 |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden |
| authorships[7].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I28166907, https://openalex.org/I4210135665 |
| authorships[7].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, M58, Huddinge Hospital, SE-141 86, Stockholm, Sweden |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I28166907 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/056d84691 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I28166907 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].country_code | SE |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].display_name | Karolinska Institutet |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I4210135665 |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/04d5f4w73 |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].type | healthcare |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I2801939835, https://openalex.org/I4210135665 |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].country_code | SE |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].display_name | Stockholm Health Care Services |
| authorships[7].author_position | middle |
| authorships[7].raw_author_name | Susanna Jernelöv |
| authorships[7].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[7].raw_affiliation_strings | Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, M58, Huddinge Hospital, SE-141 86, Stockholm, Sweden, Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden |
| authorships[8].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5049256679 |
| authorships[8].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6443-5279 |
| authorships[8].author.display_name | Viktor Kaldo |
| authorships[8].countries | SE |
| authorships[8].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I223464139 |
| authorships[8].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden |
| authorships[8].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I28166907, https://openalex.org/I4210135665 |
| authorships[8].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, M58, Huddinge Hospital, SE-141 86, Stockholm, Sweden |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I28166907 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/056d84691 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I28166907 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].country_code | SE |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].display_name | Karolinska Institutet |
| authorships[8].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I223464139 |
| authorships[8].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/00j9qag85 |
| authorships[8].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[8].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I223464139 |
| authorships[8].institutions[1].country_code | SE |
| authorships[8].institutions[1].display_name | Linnaeus University |
| authorships[8].institutions[2].id | https://openalex.org/I4210135665 |
| authorships[8].institutions[2].ror | https://ror.org/04d5f4w73 |
| authorships[8].institutions[2].type | healthcare |
| authorships[8].institutions[2].lineage | https://openalex.org/I2801939835, https://openalex.org/I4210135665 |
| authorships[8].institutions[2].country_code | SE |
| authorships[8].institutions[2].display_name | Stockholm Health Care Services |
| authorships[8].author_position | middle |
| authorships[8].raw_author_name | Viktor Kaldo |
| authorships[8].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[8].raw_affiliation_strings | Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, M58, Huddinge Hospital, SE-141 86, Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden |
| authorships[9].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5042562928 |
| authorships[9].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8798-5345 |
| authorships[9].author.display_name | Amir H. Pakpour |
| authorships[9].countries | SE |
| authorships[9].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I94616838 |
| authorships[9].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I94616838 |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03t54am93 |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I94616838 |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].country_code | SE |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].display_name | Jönköping University |
| authorships[9].author_position | last |
| authorships[9].raw_author_name | Amir H. Pakpour |
| authorships[9].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[9].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden |
| has_content.pdf | False |
| has_content.grobid_xml | False |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101646 |
| open_access.oa_status | hybrid |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Effects of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) on quality of life: A systematic review and meta-analysis |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10316 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/32 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Psychology |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9998999834060669 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/2 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Social Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/3205 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Experimental and Cognitive Psychology |
| primary_topic.display_name | Sleep and related disorders |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W4247728363, https://openalex.org/W2765183883, https://openalex.org/W2567211341, https://openalex.org/W1258987016, https://openalex.org/W2559271059, https://openalex.org/W2738755582, https://openalex.org/W2603591575, https://openalex.org/W2734398282, https://openalex.org/W446887413, https://openalex.org/W4294636802 |
| cited_by_count | 134 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 61 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 36 |
| counts_by_year[2].year | 2023 |
| counts_by_year[2].cited_by_count | 28 |
| counts_by_year[3].year | 2022 |
| counts_by_year[3].cited_by_count | 8 |
| counts_by_year[4].year | 2014 |
| counts_by_year[4].cited_by_count | 1 |
| locations_count | 5 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101646 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S28482811 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 1087-0792, 1532-2955 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | False |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 1087-0792 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Sleep Medicine Reviews |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Elsevier BV |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Sleep Medicine Reviews |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101646 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101646 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S28482811 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 1087-0792, 1532-2955 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | False |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 1087-0792 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Sleep Medicine Reviews |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Elsevier BV |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Sleep Medicine Reviews |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101646 |
| publication_date | 2022-05-10 |
| publication_year | 2022 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W6777702108, https://openalex.org/W3108151225, https://openalex.org/W2911231313, https://openalex.org/W3024963183, https://openalex.org/W2147701896, https://openalex.org/W2006664993, https://openalex.org/W2095213537, https://openalex.org/W4242462856, https://openalex.org/W2870863419, https://openalex.org/W7027491594, https://openalex.org/W3031587977, https://openalex.org/W1974879176, https://openalex.org/W2180077786, https://openalex.org/W6601148664, https://openalex.org/W2753866150, https://openalex.org/W4211219627, https://openalex.org/W2347166707, https://openalex.org/W2627472852, https://openalex.org/W3093232983, https://openalex.org/W2073180866, https://openalex.org/W2803315729, https://openalex.org/W6734937527, https://openalex.org/W3026220177, https://openalex.org/W2101759370, https://openalex.org/W2893462149, https://openalex.org/W2081302185, https://openalex.org/W2159199465, https://openalex.org/W3141987293, https://openalex.org/W6770745532, https://openalex.org/W2028686120, https://openalex.org/W1976584787, https://openalex.org/W6601704952, https://openalex.org/W2414400730, https://openalex.org/W2127024218, https://openalex.org/W2027904579, https://openalex.org/W2016794152, https://openalex.org/W2107434300, https://openalex.org/W3028253936, https://openalex.org/W2118288805, https://openalex.org/W2518268278, https://openalex.org/W3082905694, https://openalex.org/W2754667294, https://openalex.org/W2915559621, https://openalex.org/W2002264690, https://openalex.org/W1557731666, https://openalex.org/W2103437135, https://openalex.org/W2005501262, https://openalex.org/W3014233714, https://openalex.org/W6676921594, https://openalex.org/W2148540129, https://openalex.org/W3184117229, https://openalex.org/W6645719494, https://openalex.org/W2945223816, https://openalex.org/W2021498746, https://openalex.org/W2888141697, https://openalex.org/W2797088526, https://openalex.org/W2606240302, https://openalex.org/W3093069677, https://openalex.org/W2893880254, https://openalex.org/W2792861393, https://openalex.org/W1633357735, https://openalex.org/W1863769327, https://openalex.org/W2558952307, https://openalex.org/W1771931246, https://openalex.org/W2754359215, https://openalex.org/W2793969227, https://openalex.org/W3124225587, https://openalex.org/W1972554082, https://openalex.org/W1995095167, https://openalex.org/W2803498676, https://openalex.org/W2151337261, https://openalex.org/W3016807063, https://openalex.org/W2959723247, https://openalex.org/W1997157023, https://openalex.org/W1966750223, https://openalex.org/W1553039943, https://openalex.org/W1988123456, https://openalex.org/W2051663551, https://openalex.org/W42932644, https://openalex.org/W3028113015, https://openalex.org/W27747233, https://openalex.org/W2992031522, https://openalex.org/W2598395320, https://openalex.org/W2109887283 |
| referenced_works_count | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.< | 233, 255 |
| abstract_inverted_index.= | 227, 230, 249, 252, 271, 274, 277, 294, 297, 300, 325, 353 |
| abstract_inverted_index.A | 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 84, 144, 157, 370, 400 |
| abstract_inverted_index.p | 232, 254, 276, 299 |
| abstract_inverted_index.12 | 200 |
| abstract_inverted_index.24 | 189, 216 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In | 395 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 121, 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 120, 163, 165, 429 |
| abstract_inverted_index.if | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 156, 166, 195, 381, 406 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 2, 38, 57, 92, 118, 128, 140, 188, 210, 212, 239, 241, 315, 348, 375, 404, 425, 431, 435 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 24, 60, 74, 104, 123, 317, 360, 389 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 13, 41, 149, 264, 286, 311, 411, 420 |
| abstract_inverted_index.CI: | 223, 246, 268, 291 |
| abstract_inverted_index.QoL | 25, 43, 61, 124, 213, 242, 318, 349, 357, 365, 436 |
| abstract_inverted_index.SMD | 211, 240, 324, 352 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 0, 48, 206, 235, 373 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Web | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.all | 160, 215 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 17, 36, 52, 68, 81, 95, 110, 138, 180, 183, 288, 305, 341, 346, 367, 383, 392, 414, 433 |
| abstract_inverted_index.any | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 418 |
| abstract_inverted_index.but | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.due | 410 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 6, 78, 204, 257, 279, 302, 327, 332, 343, 355, 363, 369, 438 |
| abstract_inverted_index.not | 359 |
| abstract_inverted_index.out | 380 |
| abstract_inverted_index.set | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 22, 32, 45, 55, 72, 116, 151, 423 |
| abstract_inverted_index.was | 87, 147, 220, 243, 378 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(808 | 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(95% | 222, 245, 267, 290 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.29 | 331 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.36 | 354 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.43 | 362 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.46 | 244, 289 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.47 | 221, 266 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.48 | 342 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.59 | 326 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.67 | 368 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1977 | 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Many | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.MeSH | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.QoL. | 141, 408 |
| abstract_inverted_index.been | 11, 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.bias | 377 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 99, 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.have | 9, 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.kind | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.make | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mean | 136, 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mode | 430 |
| abstract_inverted_index.plot | 391 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pre- | 182, 304 |
| abstract_inverted_index.such | 428 |
| abstract_inverted_index.they | 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 397 |
| abstract_inverted_index.type | 33, 37, 434 |
| abstract_inverted_index.used | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.well | 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.were | 131, 202, 218, 319 |
| abstract_inverted_index.when | 214 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 125, 260, 282, 329, 334, 337 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.04) | 278 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.07; | 298 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.08) | 301 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.22; | 224 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.31; | 231 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.36; | 275 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.48, | 253 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.72; | 225 |
| abstract_inverted_index.CBT-I | 34, 58, 119, 170, 177, 262, 284, 308, 316, 405 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Items | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.PICOS | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.RCTs, | 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.based | 103, 388 |
| abstract_inverted_index.group | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.major | 339 |
| abstract_inverted_index.model | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.other | 18, 344 |
| abstract_inverted_index.power | 413 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ruled | 379 |
| abstract_inverted_index.shown | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.small | 412 |
| abstract_inverted_index.terms | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.test. | 394 |
| abstract_inverted_index.three | 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.topic | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.total | 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.types | 347 |
| abstract_inverted_index.used. | 440 |
| abstract_inverted_index.using | 97, 143, 171, 178, 307 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(SMDs) | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.001) | 256 |
| abstract_inverted_index.52.9%; | 295 |
| abstract_inverted_index.84.5%; | 228 |
| abstract_inverted_index.87.5%; | 250 |
| abstract_inverted_index.88.3%; | 272 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Study) | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.across | 63, 321 |
| abstract_inverted_index.assess | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.better | 421 |
| abstract_inverted_index.design | 384 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effect | 117, 403 |
| abstract_inverted_index.funnel | 390 |
| abstract_inverted_index.future | 416 |
| abstract_inverted_index.group) | 198 |
| abstract_inverted_index.groups | 259, 281 |
| abstract_inverted_index.impact | 424 |
| abstract_inverted_index.modes, | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.needed | 419 |
| abstract_inverted_index.online | 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pooled | 208, 237 |
| abstract_inverted_index.review | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.scores | 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.search | 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.trials | 114, 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(CBT-I) | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(RCTs), | 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(pooled | 323, 351 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.001). | 234 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Egger's | 393 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Outcome | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.PubMed, | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Reviews | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Scopus, | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.another | 338 |
| abstract_inverted_index.control | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.design. | 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.digital | 283 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effects | 1, 23, 314 |
| abstract_inverted_index.explore | 422 |
| abstract_inverted_index.factors | 30, 427 |
| abstract_inverted_index.generic | 364 |
| abstract_inverted_index.improve | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.measure | 437 |
| abstract_inverted_index.overall | 207, 236, 382, 402 |
| abstract_inverted_index.present | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.studies | 190, 217, 417 |
| abstract_inverted_index.therapy | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.through | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Clinical | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.However, | 409 |
| abstract_inverted_index.PsycINFO | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Science, | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analysis | 387 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aspects. | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.comorbid | 336 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compared | 263, 285, 310 |
| abstract_inverted_index.complex. | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.delivery | 35, 66, 432 |
| abstract_inverted_index.efficacy | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.eligible | 132, 203 |
| abstract_inverted_index.estimate | 209, 238 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evidence | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.included | 219 |
| abstract_inverted_index.insomnia | 7, 15, 335 |
| abstract_inverted_index.keywords | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.outcomes | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.patients | 328, 333 |
| abstract_inverted_index.relevant | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reported | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.specific | 385 |
| abstract_inverted_index.studies, | 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.symptoms | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(PRISMA), | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Following | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Moreover, | 313 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Reporting | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.baseline. | 312 |
| abstract_inverted_index.calculate | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cognitive | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conducted | 88, 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.confirmed | 399 |
| abstract_inverted_index.controls, | 287 |
| abstract_inverted_index.controls; | 265 |
| abstract_inverted_index.countries | 201 |
| abstract_inverted_index.criteria. | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.different | 64, 320 |
| abstract_inverted_index.disorder; | 340 |
| abstract_inverted_index.improving | 407 |
| abstract_inverted_index.including | 31, 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.insomnia, | 361 |
| abstract_inverted_index.insomnia; | 330 |
| abstract_inverted_index.moderate, | 401 |
| abstract_inverted_index.one-group | 181, 303 |
| abstract_inverted_index.outcomes, | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.preferred | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sub-group | 386 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sub-sets: | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.variation | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.01-0.90; | 247 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.02-0.92; | 269 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.12-0.80; | 292 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Systematic | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.assessment | 439 |
| abstract_inverted_index.behavioral | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.comprising | 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.controlled | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.guidelines | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.identified | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.instrument | 39, 358 |
| abstract_inverted_index.literature | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.moderating | 426 |
| abstract_inverted_index.randomized | 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.systematic | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Comparison, | 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conclusion, | 396 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conditions) | 345 |
| abstract_inverted_index.differences | 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.instrument, | 366 |
| abstract_inverted_index.instruments | 350 |
| abstract_inverted_index.populations | 322 |
| abstract_inverted_index.probability | 374 |
| abstract_inverted_index.publication | 376 |
| abstract_inverted_index.synthesized | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.consistently | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.face-to-face | 169, 261 |
| abstract_inverted_index.instrument). | 372 |
| abstract_inverted_index.intervention | 122, 197, 258, 280, 309 |
| abstract_inverted_index.participants | 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.populations, | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.standardized | 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.I<sup>2</sup> | 226, 248, 270, 293 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Intervention, | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Meta-Analyses | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Meta-analysis | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.inconsistent. | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.investigating | 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.meta-analysis | 53, 398 |
| abstract_inverted_index.random-effect | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(Participants, | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.health-related | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.heterogeneity, | 415 |
| abstract_inverted_index.meta-analysis. | 205 |
| abstract_inverted_index.methodological | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.post-treatment | 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.post-comparison | 306 |
| abstract_inverted_index.single-QoL-item | 371 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tau<sup>2</sup> | 229, 251, 273, 296 |
| abstract_inverted_index.disease-specific | 356 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 100 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 89 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5085673949, https://openalex.org/A5042562928 |
| countries_distinct_count | 5 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 10 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210158999, https://openalex.org/I91807558, https://openalex.org/I94616838 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.44999998807907104 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Good health and well-being |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.99800842 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | True |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | True |