Effects of Group-I Elements on Output Voltage Generation of ZnO Nanowires Based Nanogenerator; Degradation of Screening Effects by Oxidation of Nanowires Article Swipe
Mansoor Ahmad
,
Mansoor Ahmad
,
Mohamad Hafiz Mamat
,
Azmi Mohamed
,
A. B. Suriani
,
Noor Maizura Ismail
,
Chin Fhong Soon
,
Nafarizal Nayan
·
YOU?
·
· 2022
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13091450
YOU?
·
· 2022
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13091450
Here, we report the successful incorporation of group I elements (K, Na, Li) to ZnO nanowires. Three distinct (2, 4, and 6 wt.%) doping concentrations of group I elements have been used to generate high piezoelectric voltage by employing a vertically integrated nanowire generator (VING) structure. X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) indicated the seepage of dopants in ZnO nanowires by substitution of Zn. Shallow acceptor levels (LiZn, NaZn, KZn) worked as electron trapping centers for intrinsically n-type ZnO nanowires. Free moving electrons caused a leakage current through the nanowires and depleted their piezoelectric potential. Reverse leakage current is a negative factor for piezoelectric nanogenerators. A reduction in reverse leakage current signifies the rise in output voltage. A gradual rise in output voltage has been witnessed which was in accordance with various doping concentrations. K-doped ZnO nanowires have generated voltages of 0.85 V, 1.48 V, and 1.95 V. For Na-doped ZnO nanowires, the voltages were 1.23 V, 1.73 V, and 2.34 V and the voltages yeilded for Li-doped ZnO nanowires were 1.87 V, 2.63 V, and 3.54 V, respectively. Maximum voltage range has been further enhanced by the surface enrichment (oxidized with O2 molecules) of ZnO nanowires. Technique has been opted to mitigate the screening effect during an external stress. After 5 h of oxidation in a sealed chamber at 100 ppm, maximum voltage peaks were pronounced to 2.48 V, 3.19 V, and 4.57 V for K, Na, and Li, respectively. A low-cost, high performance mechanical transducer is proposed for self-powered devices.
Related Topics
Concepts
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13091450
- https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/13/9/1450/pdf?version=1663048239
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 4
- References
- 51
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4294176868
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4294176868Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13091450Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Effects of Group-I Elements on Output Voltage Generation of ZnO Nanowires Based Nanogenerator; Degradation of Screening Effects by Oxidation of NanowiresWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2022Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2022-09-01Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Mansoor Ahmad, Mansoor Ahmad, Mohamad Hafiz Mamat, Azmi Mohamed, A. B. Suriani, Noor Maizura Ismail, Chin Fhong Soon, Nafarizal NayanList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13091450Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/13/9/1450/pdf?version=1663048239Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/13/9/1450/pdf?version=1663048239Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Nanowire, Nanogenerator, Materials science, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Doping, Piezoelectricity, Nanotechnology, Voltage, Optoelectronics, Dopant, Analytical Chemistry (journal), Chemical engineering, Chemistry, Composite material, Electrical engineering, Engineering, ChromatographyTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
4Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2024: 1, 2022: 3Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
51Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4294176868 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13091450 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13091450 |
| ids.pmid | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36144073 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4294176868 |
| fwci | 0.44398948 |
| type | article |
| title | Effects of Group-I Elements on Output Voltage Generation of ZnO Nanowires Based Nanogenerator; Degradation of Screening Effects by Oxidation of Nanowires |
| biblio.issue | 9 |
| biblio.volume | 13 |
| biblio.last_page | 1450 |
| biblio.first_page | 1450 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10338 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[0].score | 0.9998999834060669 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2204 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Biomedical Engineering |
| topics[0].display_name | Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T10090 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/25 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Materials Science |
| topics[1].score | 0.9997000098228455 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2505 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Materials Chemistry |
| topics[1].display_name | ZnO doping and properties |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T10461 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[2].score | 0.9976000189781189 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2208 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Electrical and Electronic Engineering |
| topics[2].display_name | Gas Sensing Nanomaterials and Sensors |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 2000 |
| apc_list.currency | CHF |
| apc_list.value_usd | 2165 |
| apc_paid.value | 2000 |
| apc_paid.currency | CHF |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 2165 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C74214498 |
| concepts[0].level | 2 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.9052861928939819 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631739 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Nanowire |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C175616097 |
| concepts[1].level | 3 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.8342291712760925 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6964048 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Nanogenerator |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C192562407 |
| concepts[2].level | 0 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.7057996988296509 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Materials science |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C175708663 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.6794244647026062 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899559 |
| concepts[3].display_name | X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C57863236 |
| concepts[4].level | 2 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.6497082114219666 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130571 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Doping |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C100082104 |
| concepts[5].level | 2 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.5300514698028564 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183759 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Piezoelectricity |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C171250308 |
| concepts[6].level | 1 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.5134025812149048 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Nanotechnology |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C165801399 |
| concepts[7].level | 2 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.4961107671260834 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Voltage |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C49040817 |
| concepts[8].level | 1 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.46086418628692627 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Optoelectronics |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C191952053 |
| concepts[9].level | 3 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.4604876637458801 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15119237 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Dopant |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C113196181 |
| concepts[10].level | 2 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.3707908093929291 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Analytical Chemistry (journal) |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C42360764 |
| concepts[11].level | 1 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.2248263955116272 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Chemical engineering |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C185592680 |
| concepts[12].level | 0 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.1802358627319336 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Chemistry |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C159985019 |
| concepts[13].level | 1 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.13464206457138062 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Composite material |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C119599485 |
| concepts[14].level | 1 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.12434697151184082 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Electrical engineering |
| concepts[15].id | https://openalex.org/C127413603 |
| concepts[15].level | 0 |
| concepts[15].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[15].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023 |
| concepts[15].display_name | Engineering |
| concepts[16].id | https://openalex.org/C43617362 |
| concepts[16].level | 1 |
| concepts[16].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[16].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050 |
| concepts[16].display_name | Chromatography |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/nanowire |
| keywords[0].score | 0.9052861928939819 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Nanowire |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/nanogenerator |
| keywords[1].score | 0.8342291712760925 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Nanogenerator |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science |
| keywords[2].score | 0.7057996988296509 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Materials science |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/x-ray-photoelectron-spectroscopy |
| keywords[3].score | 0.6794244647026062 |
| keywords[3].display_name | X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/doping |
| keywords[4].score | 0.6497082114219666 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Doping |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/piezoelectricity |
| keywords[5].score | 0.5300514698028564 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Piezoelectricity |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology |
| keywords[6].score | 0.5134025812149048 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Nanotechnology |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage |
| keywords[7].score | 0.4961107671260834 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Voltage |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics |
| keywords[8].score | 0.46086418628692627 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Optoelectronics |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/dopant |
| keywords[9].score | 0.4604876637458801 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Dopant |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/analytical-chemistry |
| keywords[10].score | 0.3707908093929291 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Analytical Chemistry (journal) |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-engineering |
| keywords[11].score | 0.2248263955116272 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Chemical engineering |
| keywords[12].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry |
| keywords[12].score | 0.1802358627319336 |
| keywords[12].display_name | Chemistry |
| keywords[13].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material |
| keywords[13].score | 0.13464206457138062 |
| keywords[13].display_name | Composite material |
| keywords[14].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering |
| keywords[14].score | 0.12434697151184082 |
| keywords[14].display_name | Electrical engineering |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.3390/mi13091450 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S96702057 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 2072-666X |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 2072-666X |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Micromachines |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/13/9/1450/pdf?version=1663048239 |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Micromachines |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13091450 |
| locations[1].id | pmid:36144073 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306525036 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | PubMed |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | True |
| locations[1].is_published | True |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | Micromachines |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36144073 |
| locations[2].id | pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2f484a08438f4eeaa7f8542ded3c121d |
| locations[2].is_oa | True |
| locations[2].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401280 |
| locations[2].source.issn | |
| locations[2].source.type | repository |
| locations[2].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.issn_l | |
| locations[2].source.is_core | False |
| locations[2].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[2].source.display_name | DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
| locations[2].source.host_organization | |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[2].license | cc-by-sa |
| locations[2].pdf_url | |
| locations[2].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | article |
| locations[2].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa |
| locations[2].is_accepted | False |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | Micromachines, Vol 13, Iss 9, p 1450 (2022) |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | https://doaj.org/article/2f484a08438f4eeaa7f8542ded3c121d |
| locations[3].id | pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9503292 |
| locations[3].is_oa | True |
| locations[3].source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764455111 |
| locations[3].source.issn | |
| locations[3].source.type | repository |
| locations[3].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[3].source.issn_l | |
| locations[3].source.is_core | False |
| locations[3].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[3].source.display_name | PubMed Central |
| locations[3].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[3].license | other-oa |
| locations[3].pdf_url | |
| locations[3].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[3].raw_type | Text |
| locations[3].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa |
| locations[3].is_accepted | False |
| locations[3].is_published | False |
| locations[3].raw_source_name | Micromachines (Basel) |
| locations[3].landing_page_url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9503292 |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj, pubmed |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5048494045 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1098-6913 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Mansoor Ahmad |
| authorships[0].countries | MY |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I930072361 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Microelectronic and Nanotechnology—Shamsuddin Research Centre (MiNT-SRC), Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Parit Raja 86400, Malaysia |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I930072361 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01c5wha71 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I930072361 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | MY |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Tun Hussein Onn University of Malaysia |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Mansoor Ahmad |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Microelectronic and Nanotechnology—Shamsuddin Research Centre (MiNT-SRC), Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Parit Raja 86400, Malaysia |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5048494045 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1098-6913 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Mansoor Ahmad |
| authorships[1].countries | MY |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I930072361 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Microelectronic and Nanotechnology—Shamsuddin Research Centre (MiNT-SRC), Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Parit Raja 86400, Malaysia |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I930072361 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01c5wha71 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I930072361 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | MY |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Tun Hussein Onn University of Malaysia |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | M. K. Ahmad |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Microelectronic and Nanotechnology—Shamsuddin Research Centre (MiNT-SRC), Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Parit Raja 86400, Malaysia |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5043920313 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6640-2366 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Mohamad Hafiz Mamat |
| authorships[2].countries | MY |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I82724352 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | NANO-ElecTronic Centre (NET), School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Malaysia |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I82724352 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05n8tts92 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I82724352 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | MY |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Universiti Teknologi MARA |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | M. H. Mamat |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | NANO-ElecTronic Centre (NET), School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Malaysia |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5019535187 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7310-6680 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Azmi Mohamed |
| authorships[3].countries | MY |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I143923087 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Nanotechnology Research Centre, Department of Physic, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim 35900, Malaysia |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I143923087 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/005bjd415 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I143923087 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | MY |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | Sultan Idris Education University |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | A. Mohamed |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Nanotechnology Research Centre, Department of Physic, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim 35900, Malaysia |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5112057224 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | A. B. Suriani |
| authorships[4].countries | MY |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I143923087 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Nanotechnology Research Centre, Department of Physic, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim 35900, Malaysia |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I143923087 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/005bjd415 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I143923087 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | MY |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | Sultan Idris Education University |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | A. B. Suriani |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | Nanotechnology Research Centre, Department of Physic, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim 35900, Malaysia |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5085716164 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4469-0993 |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | Noor Maizura Ismail |
| authorships[5].countries | MY |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I930072361 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Microelectronic and Nanotechnology—Shamsuddin Research Centre (MiNT-SRC), Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Parit Raja 86400, Malaysia |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I930072361 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01c5wha71 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I930072361 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code | MY |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name | Tun Hussein Onn University of Malaysia |
| authorships[5].author_position | middle |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | N. M. A. N. Ismail |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings | Microelectronic and Nanotechnology—Shamsuddin Research Centre (MiNT-SRC), Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Parit Raja 86400, Malaysia |
| authorships[6].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5022008314 |
| authorships[6].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4972-5729 |
| authorships[6].author.display_name | Chin Fhong Soon |
| authorships[6].countries | MY |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I930072361 |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Microelectronic and Nanotechnology—Shamsuddin Research Centre (MiNT-SRC), Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Parit Raja 86400, Malaysia |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I930072361 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01c5wha71 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I930072361 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].country_code | MY |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].display_name | Tun Hussein Onn University of Malaysia |
| authorships[6].author_position | middle |
| authorships[6].raw_author_name | C. F. Soon |
| authorships[6].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[6].raw_affiliation_strings | Microelectronic and Nanotechnology—Shamsuddin Research Centre (MiNT-SRC), Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Parit Raja 86400, Malaysia |
| authorships[7].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5072815145 |
| authorships[7].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9962-5283 |
| authorships[7].author.display_name | Nafarizal Nayan |
| authorships[7].countries | MY |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I930072361 |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Microelectronic and Nanotechnology—Shamsuddin Research Centre (MiNT-SRC), Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Parit Raja 86400, Malaysia |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I930072361 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01c5wha71 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I930072361 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].country_code | MY |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].display_name | Tun Hussein Onn University of Malaysia |
| authorships[7].author_position | last |
| authorships[7].raw_author_name | N. Nafarizal |
| authorships[7].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[7].raw_affiliation_strings | Microelectronic and Nanotechnology—Shamsuddin Research Centre (MiNT-SRC), Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Parit Raja 86400, Malaysia |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/13/9/1450/pdf?version=1663048239 |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Effects of Group-I Elements on Output Voltage Generation of ZnO Nanowires Based Nanogenerator; Degradation of Screening Effects by Oxidation of Nanowires |
| has_fulltext | True |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10338 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Engineering |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9998999834060669 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2204 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Biomedical Engineering |
| primary_topic.display_name | Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2614344344, https://openalex.org/W3198669577, https://openalex.org/W4311098090, https://openalex.org/W2920980201, https://openalex.org/W2883707713, https://openalex.org/W4309624416, https://openalex.org/W3144289857, https://openalex.org/W2013330764, https://openalex.org/W4308465200, https://openalex.org/W3094862470 |
| cited_by_count | 4 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 1 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2022 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 3 |
| locations_count | 4 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.3390/mi13091450 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S96702057 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 2072-666X |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 2072-666X |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Micromachines |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/13/9/1450/pdf?version=1663048239 |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Micromachines |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13091450 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.3390/mi13091450 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S96702057 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 2072-666X |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 2072-666X |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Micromachines |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/13/9/1450/pdf?version=1663048239 |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Micromachines |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13091450 |
| publication_date | 2022-09-01 |
| publication_year | 2022 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W2952957286, https://openalex.org/W2136359657, https://openalex.org/W2955811910, https://openalex.org/W2790318805, https://openalex.org/W3005617116, https://openalex.org/W2587107931, https://openalex.org/W3040652638, https://openalex.org/W2211532483, https://openalex.org/W4225263267, https://openalex.org/W3024682297, https://openalex.org/W2108112804, https://openalex.org/W2051225158, https://openalex.org/W2119743355, https://openalex.org/W2045023774, https://openalex.org/W3194429827, https://openalex.org/W3092633984, https://openalex.org/W3036018787, https://openalex.org/W3047178553, https://openalex.org/W2568194565, https://openalex.org/W2312815791, https://openalex.org/W2752163267, https://openalex.org/W2356637772, https://openalex.org/W2078038112, https://openalex.org/W2803662355, https://openalex.org/W2807253456, https://openalex.org/W2130960842, https://openalex.org/W2065048422, https://openalex.org/W2099540110, https://openalex.org/W6627959074, https://openalex.org/W2966941360, https://openalex.org/W2076439446, https://openalex.org/W2087589553, https://openalex.org/W2024682871, https://openalex.org/W2053691534, https://openalex.org/W1997969018, https://openalex.org/W2000251229, https://openalex.org/W2125594787, https://openalex.org/W2328029567, https://openalex.org/W2010671396, https://openalex.org/W2056883239, https://openalex.org/W1604572210, https://openalex.org/W2059249621, https://openalex.org/W2043441608, https://openalex.org/W2104002694, https://openalex.org/W2036934428, https://openalex.org/W2133031083, https://openalex.org/W2099044623, https://openalex.org/W2136743102, https://openalex.org/W4294176868, https://openalex.org/W2154707832, https://openalex.org/W1210336852 |
| referenced_works_count | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.5 | 209 |
| abstract_inverted_index.6 | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.A | 103, 115, 239 |
| abstract_inverted_index.I | 8, 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.V | 159, 232 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 39, 82, 97, 214 |
| abstract_inverted_index.h | 210 |
| abstract_inverted_index.4, | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.K, | 234 |
| abstract_inverted_index.O2 | 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.V, | 140, 142, 154, 156, 170, 172, 175, 227, 229 |
| abstract_inverted_index.V. | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 205 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.at | 217 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 37, 58, 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 55, 105, 112, 118, 126, 213 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 96, 245 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 6, 25, 53, 60, 138, 192, 211 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 13, 32, 199, 225 |
| abstract_inverted_index.we | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(2, | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(K, | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.100 | 218 |
| abstract_inverted_index.For | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Li) | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Li, | 237 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Na, | 11, 235 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Zn. | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ZnO | 14, 56, 76, 133, 148, 166, 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 20, 88, 143, 157, 160, 173, 230, 236 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 73, 100, 164, 233, 247 |
| abstract_inverted_index.has | 121, 180, 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 3, 51, 86, 110, 150, 161, 185, 201 |
| abstract_inverted_index.was | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.85 | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1.23 | 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1.48 | 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1.73 | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1.87 | 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1.95 | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2.34 | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2.48 | 226 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2.63 | 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.3.19 | 228 |
| abstract_inverted_index.3.54 | 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.4.57 | 231 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Free | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.KZn) | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.been | 30, 122, 181, 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.have | 29, 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.high | 34, 241 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ppm, | 219 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rise | 111, 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.used | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.were | 152, 168, 223 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 128, 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(XPS) | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.After | 208 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Here, | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.NaZn, | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Three | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.X-ray | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.group | 7, 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.opted | 198 |
| abstract_inverted_index.peaks | 222 |
| abstract_inverted_index.range | 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.their | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.which | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.wt.%) | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(LiZn, | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(VING) | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.caused | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.doping | 23, 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.during | 204 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effect | 203 |
| abstract_inverted_index.factor | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.levels | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.moving | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.n-type | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.output | 113, 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.report | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sealed | 215 |
| abstract_inverted_index.worked | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.K-doped | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Maximum | 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Reverse | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Shallow | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.centers | 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.chamber | 216 |
| abstract_inverted_index.current | 84, 95, 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dopants | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.further | 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gradual | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.leakage | 83, 94, 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.maximum | 220 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reverse | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.seepage | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.spectra | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stress. | 207 |
| abstract_inverted_index.surface | 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.through | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.various | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.voltage | 36, 120, 178, 221 |
| abstract_inverted_index.yeilded | 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Li-doped | 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Na-doped | 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.acceptor | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.depleted | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.devices. | 249 |
| abstract_inverted_index.distinct | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.electron | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.elements | 9, 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.enhanced | 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.external | 206 |
| abstract_inverted_index.generate | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mitigate | 200 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nanowire | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.negative | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proposed | 246 |
| abstract_inverted_index.trapping | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.voltage. | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.voltages | 137, 151, 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(oxidized | 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Technique | 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.electrons | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.employing | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.generated | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.generator | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.indicated | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.low-cost, | 240 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nanowires | 57, 87, 134, 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.oxidation | 212 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reduction | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.screening | 202 |
| abstract_inverted_index.signifies | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.witnessed | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.accordance | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.enrichment | 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.integrated | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mechanical | 243 |
| abstract_inverted_index.molecules) | 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nanowires, | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nanowires. | 15, 77, 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.potential. | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pronounced | 224 |
| abstract_inverted_index.structure. | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.successful | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.transducer | 244 |
| abstract_inverted_index.vertically | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.performance | 242 |
| abstract_inverted_index.self-powered | 248 |
| abstract_inverted_index.substitution | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.incorporation | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.intrinsically | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.photoelectron | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.piezoelectric | 35, 91, 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.respectively. | 176, 238 |
| abstract_inverted_index.concentrations | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.concentrations. | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nanogenerators. | 102 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 97 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 90 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5048494045, https://openalex.org/A5048494045 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 8 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I930072361 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.4099999964237213 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Affordable and clean energy |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.52779687 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |