Effects of spatial and temporal variability in surface water inputs on streamflow generation and cessation in the rain–snow transition zone Article Swipe
Leonie Kiewiet
,
Ernesto Trujillo
,
A. R. Hedrick
,
S. Havens
,
K. Hale
,
M. S. Seyfried
,
Stephanie K. Kampf
,
Sarah E. Godsey
·
YOU?
·
· 2022
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2779-2022
YOU?
·
· 2022
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2779-2022
Climate change affects precipitation phase, which can propagate into changes in streamflow timing and magnitude. This study examines how the spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall and snowmelt affects discharge in rain–snow transition zones. These zones experience large year-to-year variations in precipitation phase, cover a significant area of mountain catchments globally, and might extend to higher elevations under future climate change. We used observations from 11 weather stations and snow depths measured from one aerial lidar survey to force a spatially distributed snowpack model (iSnobal/Automated Water Supply Model) in a semiarid, 1.8 km2 headwater catchment. We focused on surface water input (SWI; the summation of rainfall and snowmelt on the soil) for 4 years with contrasting climatological conditions (wet, dry, rainy, and snowy) and compared simulated SWI to measured discharge. A strong spatial agreement between snow depth from the lidar survey and model (r2 = 0.88) was observed, with a median Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) of 0.65 for simulated and measured snow depths at snow depth stations for all modeled years (0.75 for normalized snow depths). The spatial pattern of SWI was consistent between the 4 years, with north-facing slopes producing 1.09–1.25 times more SWI than south-facing slopes, and snowdrifts producing up to 6 times more SWI than the catchment average. Annual discharge in the catchment was not significantly correlated with the fraction of precipitation falling as snow; instead, it was correlated with the magnitude of precipitation and spring snow and rain. Stream cessation depended on total and spring precipitation, as well as on the melt-out date of the snowdrifts. These results highlight the importance of the heterogeneity of SWI at the rain–snow transition zone for streamflow generation and cessation, and emphasize the need for spatially distributed modeling or monitoring of both snowpack and rainfall dynamics.
Related Topics
Concepts
Snowmelt
Snow
Snowpack
Precipitation
Environmental science
Streamflow
Hydrology (agriculture)
Drainage basin
Spatial distribution
Spatial variability
Elevation (ballistics)
Atmospheric sciences
Climatology
Geology
Meteorology
Remote sensing
Geography
Geomorphology
Statistics
Geotechnical engineering
Cartography
Geometry
Mathematics
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2779-2022
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 16
- References
- 73
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4281628857
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
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https://openalex.org/W4281628857Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2779-2022Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Effects of spatial and temporal variability in surface water inputs on streamflow generation and cessation in the rain–snow transition zoneWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2022Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2022-06-01Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Leonie Kiewiet, Ernesto Trujillo, A. R. Hedrick, S. Havens, K. Hale, M. S. Seyfried, Stephanie K. Kampf, Sarah E. GodseyList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2779-2022Publisher landing page
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2779-2022Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
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Snowmelt, Snow, Snowpack, Precipitation, Environmental science, Streamflow, Hydrology (agriculture), Drainage basin, Spatial distribution, Spatial variability, Elevation (ballistics), Atmospheric sciences, Climatology, Geology, Meteorology, Remote sensing, Geography, Geomorphology, Statistics, Geotechnical engineering, Cartography, Geometry, MathematicsTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
16Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
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2025: 8, 2024: 2, 2023: 5, 2022: 1Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
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73Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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| abstract_inverted_index.normalized | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.snowdrifts | 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.streamflow | 12, 276 |
| abstract_inverted_index.transition | 33, 273 |
| abstract_inverted_index.variations | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1.09–1.25 | 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.contrasting | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.distributed | 82, 286 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rain–snow | 32, 272 |
| abstract_inverted_index.significant | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.snowdrifts. | 259 |
| abstract_inverted_index.distribution | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.north-facing | 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.observations | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.south-facing | 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.year-to-year | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.heterogeneity | 267 |
| abstract_inverted_index.precipitation | 4, 42, 224, 236 |
| abstract_inverted_index.significantly | 218 |
| abstract_inverted_index.climatological | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.precipitation, | 249 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Nash–Sutcliffe | 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(iSnobal/Automated | 85 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 99 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 89 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5090526922, https://openalex.org/A5022233953, https://openalex.org/A5051082492, https://openalex.org/A5076817174 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 8 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I106969075, https://openalex.org/I120156002, https://openalex.org/I1312222531, https://openalex.org/I4210091524, https://openalex.org/I92446798 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.5799999833106995 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Clean water and sanitation |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.87095907 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |