Electrospun Nanofiber and Cryogel of Polyvinyl Alcohol Transdermal Patch Containing Diclofenac Sodium: Preparation, Characterization and In Vitro Release Studies Article Swipe
Shafizah Sa’adon
,
M.N.M. Ansari
,
Saiful Izwan Abd Razak
,
Abdul Halim Mohd Yusof
,
Ahmad Athif Mohd Faudzi
,
Suresh Sagadevan
,
Nadirul Hasraf Mat Nayan
,
T. Joseph Sahaya Anand
,
Khairul Anuar Mat Amin
·
YOU?
·
· 2021
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13111900
YOU?
·
· 2021
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13111900
Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) have drawn more interest from pharmaceutical scientists because they could provide steady blood levels and prevent the first-pass metabolism over a longer period. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) has been widely used in this application due to its biocompatibility, non-toxicity, nanofiber and hydrogel-forming ability. Despite those benefits, their morphology would easily be destroyed by continuous water absorption and contribute to burst drug release due to its hydrophilicity. The aim of this study was to prepare the diclofenac sodium (DS)-medicated dual layer PVA patch using a combination of electrospinning and cryogelation (freeze–thaw) methods to improve the physicochemical properties and drug compatibility and investigate the release of the DS-medicated dual layer PVA patch. Morphological observations using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) verified the polymer−polymer interaction between both layers, whereas Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy has demonstrated the compatibility of DS in PVA matrix up to 2% w/v of PVA volume. The DS loads were found amorphously distributed efficaciously in PVA matrix as no visible spectra of DS–PVA interaction were detected. The DS-medicated dual layer PVA patch with a thicker nanofiber layer (3-milliliter running volume), three freeze–thaw cycles and 2% DS loading labeled as 2%DLB3C show the lowest swelling capacity (18.47%). The in vitro assessment using Franz diffusion cells showed that the 2%DLB3C indicates a better sustained release of DS, with 53.26% of the DS being released after 12 h. The 2%DLB3C owned a flux (Jss) of 0.256 mg/cm2/h and a permeability coefficient (Kp) value of 0.020 cm/h. Thus, the results demonstrate that DS-medicated dual layer PVA patches prepared via a combination of electrospinning and cryogelation are capable of releasing drugs for up to 24 h and can serve as a drug reservoir in the skin, thereby extending the pharmacologic effects of DS.
Related Topics
Concepts
Polyvinyl alcohol
Biocompatibility
Swelling
Transdermal
Diclofenac Sodium
Nanofiber
Materials science
Electrospinning
Polymer
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
Swelling capacity
Chemical engineering
Scanning electron microscope
Transdermal patch
Nuclear chemistry
Chemistry
Composite material
Chromatography
Pharmacology
Engineering
Medicine
Metallurgy
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13111900
- https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/13/11/1900/pdf?version=1637060342
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 18
- References
- 55
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W3212396669
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W3212396669Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13111900Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Electrospun Nanofiber and Cryogel of Polyvinyl Alcohol Transdermal Patch Containing Diclofenac Sodium: Preparation, Characterization and In Vitro Release StudiesWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
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enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2021Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2021-11-09Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Shafizah Sa’adon, M.N.M. Ansari, Saiful Izwan Abd Razak, Abdul Halim Mohd Yusof, Ahmad Athif Mohd Faudzi, Suresh Sagadevan, Nadirul Hasraf Mat Nayan, T. Joseph Sahaya Anand, Khairul Anuar Mat AminList of authors in order
- Landing page
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https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13111900Publisher landing page
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https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/13/11/1900/pdf?version=1637060342Direct link to full text PDF
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YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
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https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/13/11/1900/pdf?version=1637060342Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
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Polyvinyl alcohol, Biocompatibility, Swelling, Transdermal, Diclofenac Sodium, Nanofiber, Materials science, Electrospinning, Polymer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Swelling capacity, Chemical engineering, Scanning electron microscope, Transdermal patch, Nuclear chemistry, Chemistry, Composite material, Chromatography, Pharmacology, Engineering, Medicine, MetallurgyTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
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18Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
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2025: 2, 2024: 7, 2023: 5, 2022: 4Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
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55Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
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10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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| abstract_inverted_index.assessment | 203 |
| abstract_inverted_index.continuous | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.contribute | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.diclofenac | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.first-pass | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.metabolism | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.microscopy | 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.morphology | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.properties | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.scientists | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Transdermal | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.amorphously | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.application | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.coefficient | 241 |
| abstract_inverted_index.combination | 88, 260 |
| abstract_inverted_index.demonstrate | 250 |
| abstract_inverted_index.distributed | 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interaction | 124, 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.investigate | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.DS-medicated | 109, 171, 252 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cryogelation | 92, 264 |
| abstract_inverted_index.demonstrated | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.observations | 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.permeability | 240 |
| abstract_inverted_index.spectroscopy | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(3-milliliter | 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Morphological | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compatibility | 102, 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.efficaciously | 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.freeze–thaw | 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.non-toxicity, | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pharmacologic | 288 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(DS)-medicated | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pharmaceutical | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(freeze–thaw) | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.electrospinning | 90, 262 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hydrophilicity. | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.physicochemical | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hydrogel-forming | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.biocompatibility, | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.polymer−polymer | 123 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 99 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 95 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5003589831, https://openalex.org/A5015126935 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 9 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4576418, https://openalex.org/I79156528 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.7900000214576721 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Clean water and sanitation |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.76643132 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |