Engineered Microenvironment of Imidazolium Salts by Multi-scale Modeling and Machine Learning Algorithms for Enhanced Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Ethylene and Acetamide via Targeted Delivery of CuAg Alloy Tandem Catalyst Based on Cu(111) Facet Article Swipe

PDF

Yi Xiao , Yunhua Xu , Yingchun Ding , Hua Huang ·

YOU? · · 2025 · Open Access · · DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6647633/v1

Electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction (eCO₂R) to high-value multicarbon (C₂₊) hydrocarbons such as ethylene (CH₂ = CH₂) and acetamide (CH₃CONH₂) via C–C/N coupling is an attractive and effective technique for achieving zero carbon emissions and advancing renewable energy. Recent studies report the use of engineered microenvironments formed via imidazolium salts (ionic liquid) to establish an electric double-layer (EDL) interfacial Helmholtz layer at the Cu-based catalyst interface. However, monometallic Cu catalysts exhibit low activity and poor Faradaic efficiency (selectivity) for hydrocarbon products, limiting their commercial application. Herein, we demonstrated targeted delivery of CuAg alloy nanoparticles (NPs) and Ag single atoms (SA) tandem on Cu(111) facets. The improved chemical properties of bimetallic nanocrystals arise from the synergistic interaction between Cu and Ag metals, enabling this tandem catalyst system (with Ag active sites) to catalyze CO₂ to CO and subsequently convert CO into (C₂₊) hydrocarbon intermediates via C–C coupling on Cu sites. Furthermore, CO₂ reduction to CCO on Cu sites and subsequent conversion to acetamide via C–N coupling between CCO and NH₃ on Ag sites are achieved. We modeled EDL at the Cu-based tandem catalyst interface, which was modulated using the electric field–controlling constant potential (EFC–CP) method, including a series of imidazolium salts (both anions and cations) and hydronium ions (H₃O^+δ) to study their induced electrode potentials. Imidazolium (cation) play a crucial role in increasing local CO₂ enrichment and stabilizing carbon-based intermediates. The EFC–CP method within the Helmholtz layer allows explicit consideration of solvent and induced electric field on reaction intermediates. Our results suggest that C–C couplings between *CO and *CO or *CH and *CH are the most favorable for the formation of ethylene. Specifically, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafuoroborate (B2195) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafuorophosphate (B2320) salts decrease the maximum limiting potential (U_max(η)) to − 0.84 and − 1.00 V, respectively, positioning them as promising ionic liquid for eCO₂R. To understand EDL effects in eCO₂R at the molecular scale, we employed ab initio molecular dynamics simulation, focusing on hydrogen-bond networks and cation effects through a multiscale approach. Furthermore, this design strategy incorporated regression machine learning (ML) using the extreme gradient boosting regression model and the sure independence screening and sparsifying operator approach to identify key features influencing the target property U_max(η) serving as the ML input data. Results show that coupling energy (E_cplg) and the average deviation in ground-state band gaps of constituent elements are the most important features for both ethylene and acetamide synthesis, with B2195 and B2320 imidazolium salts efficiently activating CO₂ and driving electroreduction to ethylene with optimized U_max(η).

Related Topics

Concepts

Acetamide Ethylene Catalysis Alloy Tandem Materials science Scaling Chemistry Computer science Organic chemistry Metallurgy Mathematics Composite material Geometry

Metadata

Type: preprint
Language: en
Landing Page: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6647633/v1
PDF: https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-6647633/latest.pdf
OA Status: gold
References: 40
Related Works: 10
OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W4410474876

All OpenAlex metadata

Raw OpenAlex JSON

OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W4410474876

Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6647633/v1

Digital Object Identifier
Title: Engineered Microenvironment of Imidazolium Salts by Multi-scale Modeling and Machine Learning Algorithms for Enhanced Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Ethylene and Acetamide via Targeted Delivery of CuAg Alloy Tandem Catalyst Based on Cu(111) Facet

Work title
Type: preprint

OpenAlex work type
Language: en

Primary language
Publication year: 2025

Year of publication
Publication date: 2025-05-19

Full publication date if available
Authors: Yi Xiao, Yunhua Xu, Yingchun Ding, Hua Huang

List of authors in order
Landing page: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6647633/v1

Publisher landing page
PDF URL: https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-6647633/latest.pdf

Direct link to full text PDF
Open access: Yes

Whether a free full text is available
OA status: gold

Open access status per OpenAlex
OA URL: https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-6647633/latest.pdf

Direct OA link when available
Concepts: Acetamide, Ethylene, Catalysis, Alloy, Tandem, Materials science, Scaling, Chemistry, Computer science, Organic chemistry, Metallurgy, Mathematics, Composite material, Geometry

Top concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
Cited by: 0

Total citation count in OpenAlex
References (count): 40

Number of works referenced by this work
Related works (count): 10

Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex

Full payload

id	https://openalex.org/W4410474876
doi	https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6647633/v1
ids.doi	https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6647633/v1
ids.openalex	https://openalex.org/W4410474876
fwci
type	preprint
title	Engineered Microenvironment of Imidazolium Salts by Multi-scale Modeling and Machine Learning Algorithms for Enhanced Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Ethylene and Acetamide via Targeted Delivery of CuAg Alloy Tandem Catalyst Based on Cu(111) Facet
biblio.issue
biblio.volume
biblio.last_page
biblio.first_page
topics[0].id	https://openalex.org/T11784
topics[0].field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/21
topics[0].field.display_name	Energy
topics[0].score	0.9997000098228455
topics[0].domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/3
topics[0].domain.display_name	Physical Sciences
topics[0].subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/2105
topics[0].subfield.display_name	Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
topics[0].display_name	CO2 Reduction Techniques and Catalysts
topics[1].id	https://openalex.org/T11948
topics[1].field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/25
topics[1].field.display_name	Materials Science
topics[1].score	0.9973999857902527
topics[1].domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/3
topics[1].domain.display_name	Physical Sciences
topics[1].subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/2505
topics[1].subfield.display_name	Materials Chemistry
topics[1].display_name	Machine Learning in Materials Science
topics[2].id	https://openalex.org/T11593
topics[2].field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/15
topics[2].field.display_name	Chemical Engineering
topics[2].score	0.9973999857902527
topics[2].domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/3
topics[2].domain.display_name	Physical Sciences
topics[2].subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/1508
topics[2].subfield.display_name	Process Chemistry and Technology
topics[2].display_name	Carbon dioxide utilization in catalysis
is_xpac	False
apc_list
apc_paid
concepts[0].id	https://openalex.org/C2776730177
concepts[0].level	2
concepts[0].score	0.6854886412620544
concepts[0].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421721
concepts[0].display_name	Acetamide
concepts[1].id	https://openalex.org/C2778597550
concepts[1].level	3
concepts[1].score	0.6051894426345825
concepts[1].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q151313
concepts[1].display_name	Ethylene
concepts[2].id	https://openalex.org/C161790260
concepts[2].level	2
concepts[2].score	0.5930818319320679
concepts[2].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82264
concepts[2].display_name	Catalysis
concepts[3].id	https://openalex.org/C2780026712
concepts[3].level	2
concepts[3].score	0.5882542729377747
concepts[3].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37756
concepts[3].display_name	Alloy
concepts[4].id	https://openalex.org/C2777814067
concepts[4].level	2
concepts[4].score	0.5182099938392639
concepts[4].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1752317
concepts[4].display_name	Tandem
concepts[5].id	https://openalex.org/C192562407
concepts[5].level	0
concepts[5].score	0.45929569005966187
concepts[5].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736
concepts[5].display_name	Materials science
concepts[6].id	https://openalex.org/C99844830
concepts[6].level	2
concepts[6].score	0.41342511773109436
concepts[6].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924
concepts[6].display_name	Scaling
concepts[7].id	https://openalex.org/C185592680
concepts[7].level	0
concepts[7].score	0.34638455510139465
concepts[7].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329
concepts[7].display_name	Chemistry
concepts[8].id	https://openalex.org/C41008148
concepts[8].level	0
concepts[8].score	0.3353349268436432
concepts[8].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198
concepts[8].display_name	Computer science
concepts[9].id	https://openalex.org/C178790620
concepts[9].level	1
concepts[9].score	0.14189687371253967
concepts[9].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351
concepts[9].display_name	Organic chemistry
concepts[10].id	https://openalex.org/C191897082
concepts[10].level	1
concepts[10].score	0.12615430355072021
concepts[10].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467
concepts[10].display_name	Metallurgy
concepts[11].id	https://openalex.org/C33923547
concepts[11].level	0
concepts[11].score	0.07967674732208252
concepts[11].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395
concepts[11].display_name	Mathematics
concepts[12].id	https://openalex.org/C159985019
concepts[12].level	1
concepts[12].score	0.07393088936805725
concepts[12].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790
concepts[12].display_name	Composite material
concepts[13].id	https://openalex.org/C2524010
concepts[13].level	1
concepts[13].score	0.0
concepts[13].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087
concepts[13].display_name	Geometry
keywords[0].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/acetamide
keywords[0].score	0.6854886412620544
keywords[0].display_name	Acetamide
keywords[1].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/ethylene
keywords[1].score	0.6051894426345825
keywords[1].display_name	Ethylene
keywords[2].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/catalysis
keywords[2].score	0.5930818319320679
keywords[2].display_name	Catalysis
keywords[3].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/alloy
keywords[3].score	0.5882542729377747
keywords[3].display_name	Alloy
keywords[4].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/tandem
keywords[4].score	0.5182099938392639
keywords[4].display_name	Tandem
keywords[5].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science
keywords[5].score	0.45929569005966187
keywords[5].display_name	Materials science
keywords[6].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/scaling
keywords[6].score	0.41342511773109436
keywords[6].display_name	Scaling
keywords[7].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry
keywords[7].score	0.34638455510139465
keywords[7].display_name	Chemistry
keywords[8].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science
keywords[8].score	0.3353349268436432
keywords[8].display_name	Computer science
keywords[9].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/organic-chemistry
keywords[9].score	0.14189687371253967
keywords[9].display_name	Organic chemistry
keywords[10].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/metallurgy
keywords[10].score	0.12615430355072021
keywords[10].display_name	Metallurgy
keywords[11].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics
keywords[11].score	0.07967674732208252
keywords[11].display_name	Mathematics
keywords[12].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material
keywords[12].score	0.07393088936805725
keywords[12].display_name	Composite material
language	en
locations[0].id	doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-6647633/v1
locations[0].is_oa	True
locations[0].source
locations[0].license	cc-by
locations[0].pdf_url	https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-6647633/latest.pdf
locations[0].version	acceptedVersion
locations[0].raw_type	posted-content
locations[0].license_id	https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by
locations[0].is_accepted	True
locations[0].is_published	False
locations[0].raw_source_name
locations[0].landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6647633/v1
indexed_in	crossref
authorships[0].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5058971724
authorships[0].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6318-8010
authorships[0].author.display_name	Yi Xiao
authorships[0].countries	CN
authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I862669128
authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	[email protected]
authorships[0].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I862669128
authorships[0].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/029f7bn57
authorships[0].institutions[0].type	company
authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I862669128
authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code	CN
authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name	Xiaomi (China)
authorships[0].author_position	first
authorships[0].raw_author_name	Yi Xiao
authorships[0].is_corresponding	False
authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings	[email protected]
authorships[1].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5043572282
authorships[1].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1818-3661
authorships[1].author.display_name	Yunhua Xu
authorships[1].countries	CN
authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I4210161995
authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Yulin University
authorships[1].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I4210161995
authorships[1].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/05rp1t554
authorships[1].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I4210161995
authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code	CN
authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name	Yulin University
authorships[1].author_position	middle
authorships[1].raw_author_name	Yunhua Xu
authorships[1].is_corresponding	False
authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings	Yulin University
authorships[2].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5103065137
authorships[2].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7869-6402
authorships[2].author.display_name	Yingchun Ding
authorships[2].countries	CN
authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I4210131342
authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Yibin University
authorships[2].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I4210131342
authorships[2].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/03w8m2977
authorships[2].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I4210131342
authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code	CN
authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name	Yibin University
authorships[2].author_position	middle
authorships[2].raw_author_name	Yingchun Ding
authorships[2].is_corresponding	False
authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings	Yibin University
authorships[3].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5071657898
authorships[3].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2859-3816
authorships[3].author.display_name	Hua Huang
authorships[3].countries	CN
authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I4210161995
authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Yulin University
authorships[3].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I4210161995
authorships[3].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/05rp1t554
authorships[3].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I4210161995
authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code	CN
authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name	Yulin University
authorships[3].author_position	last
authorships[3].raw_author_name	Haiqiang Huang
authorships[3].is_corresponding	False
authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings	Yulin University
has_content.pdf	True
has_content.grobid_xml	True
is_paratext	False
open_access.is_oa	True
open_access.oa_url	https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-6647633/latest.pdf
open_access.oa_status	gold
open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext	False
created_date	2025-10-10T00:00:00
display_name	Engineered Microenvironment of Imidazolium Salts by Multi-scale Modeling and Machine Learning Algorithms for Enhanced Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Ethylene and Acetamide via Targeted Delivery of CuAg Alloy Tandem Catalyst Based on Cu(111) Facet
has_fulltext	False
is_retracted	False
updated_date	2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776
primary_topic.id	https://openalex.org/T11784
primary_topic.field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/21
primary_topic.field.display_name	Energy
primary_topic.score	0.9997000098228455
primary_topic.domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/3
primary_topic.domain.display_name	Physical Sciences
primary_topic.subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/2105
primary_topic.subfield.display_name	Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
primary_topic.display_name	CO2 Reduction Techniques and Catalysts
related_works	https://openalex.org/W4256448539, https://openalex.org/W2092890598, https://openalex.org/W2152774028, https://openalex.org/W4400540656, https://openalex.org/W2075635959, https://openalex.org/W2127364350, https://openalex.org/W2022265543, https://openalex.org/W2282226317, https://openalex.org/W334565762, https://openalex.org/W1998108431
cited_by_count	0
locations_count	1
best_oa_location.id	doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-6647633/v1
best_oa_location.is_oa	True
best_oa_location.source
best_oa_location.license	cc-by
best_oa_location.pdf_url	https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-6647633/latest.pdf
best_oa_location.version	acceptedVersion
best_oa_location.raw_type	posted-content
best_oa_location.license_id	https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by
best_oa_location.is_accepted	True
best_oa_location.is_published	False
best_oa_location.raw_source_name
best_oa_location.landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6647633/v1
primary_location.id	doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-6647633/v1
primary_location.is_oa	True
primary_location.source
primary_location.license	cc-by
primary_location.pdf_url	https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-6647633/latest.pdf
primary_location.version	acceptedVersion
primary_location.raw_type	posted-content
primary_location.license_id	https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by
primary_location.is_accepted	True
primary_location.is_published	False
primary_location.raw_source_name
primary_location.landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6647633/v1
publication_date	2025-05-19
publication_year	2025
referenced_works	https://openalex.org/W4367053893, https://openalex.org/W4392229787, https://openalex.org/W4402222208, https://openalex.org/W4404709191, https://openalex.org/W4205268935, https://openalex.org/W2488628364, https://openalex.org/W2104742517, https://openalex.org/W4321452900, https://openalex.org/W2969545998, https://openalex.org/W4288033787, https://openalex.org/W4387009931, https://openalex.org/W4387368667, https://openalex.org/W2894633064, https://openalex.org/W4401584145, https://openalex.org/W4397043782, https://openalex.org/W2617784531, https://openalex.org/W4380730566, https://openalex.org/W2008760545, https://openalex.org/W2760920738, https://openalex.org/W4402363815, https://openalex.org/W4402481250, https://openalex.org/W2121817924, https://openalex.org/W2040381516, https://openalex.org/W4287834720, https://openalex.org/W1979544533, https://openalex.org/W2115234257, https://openalex.org/W1561412729, https://openalex.org/W4402591482, https://openalex.org/W4404470397, https://openalex.org/W4367679575, https://openalex.org/W2976720228, https://openalex.org/W4407841681, https://openalex.org/W2153095586, https://openalex.org/W2335345426, https://openalex.org/W4353060356, https://openalex.org/W4381597421, https://openalex.org/W3034300274, https://openalex.org/W4378188893, https://openalex.org/W4388911690, https://openalex.org/W3099461197
referenced_works_count	40
abstract_inverted_index.=	14
abstract_inverted_index.a	194, 216, 326
abstract_inverted_index.Ag	95, 118, 126, 169
abstract_inverted_index.CO	133, 137
abstract_inverted_index.Cu	67, 116, 146, 154
abstract_inverted_index.ML	366
abstract_inverted_index.To	301
abstract_inverted_index.V,	291
abstract_inverted_index.We	173
abstract_inverted_index.ab	313
abstract_inverted_index.an	23, 53
abstract_inverted_index.as	11, 295, 364
abstract_inverted_index.at	60, 176, 307
abstract_inverted_index.in	219, 305, 379
abstract_inverted_index.is	22
abstract_inverted_index.of	42, 89, 107, 196, 238, 268, 383
abstract_inverted_index.on	100, 145, 153, 168, 244, 319
abstract_inverted_index.or	257
abstract_inverted_index.to	5, 51, 129, 132, 151, 159, 207, 285, 354, 409
abstract_inverted_index.we	85, 311
abstract_inverted_index.*CH	258, 260
abstract_inverted_index.*CO	254, 256
abstract_inverted_index.CCO	152, 165
abstract_inverted_index.EDL	175, 303
abstract_inverted_index.Our	247
abstract_inverted_index.The	103, 228
abstract_inverted_index.and	16, 25, 33, 72, 94, 117, 134, 156, 166, 201, 203, 224, 240, 255, 259, 274, 288, 322, 345, 350, 375, 394, 399, 406
abstract_inverted_index.are	171, 261, 386
abstract_inverted_index.for	28, 77, 265, 299, 391
abstract_inverted_index.key	356
abstract_inverted_index.low	70
abstract_inverted_index.the	40, 61, 112, 177, 186, 232, 262, 266, 280, 308, 339, 346, 359, 365, 376, 387
abstract_inverted_index.use	41
abstract_inverted_index.via	19, 46, 142, 161
abstract_inverted_index.was	183
abstract_inverted_index.−	286, 289
abstract_inverted_index.(ML)	337
abstract_inverted_index.(SA)	98
abstract_inverted_index.0.84	287
abstract_inverted_index.1.00	290
abstract_inverted_index.CuAg	90
abstract_inverted_index.band	381
abstract_inverted_index.both	392
abstract_inverted_index.from	111
abstract_inverted_index.gaps	382
abstract_inverted_index.into	138
abstract_inverted_index.ions	205
abstract_inverted_index.most	263, 388
abstract_inverted_index.play	215
abstract_inverted_index.poor	73
abstract_inverted_index.role	218
abstract_inverted_index.show	370
abstract_inverted_index.such	10
abstract_inverted_index.sure	347
abstract_inverted_index.that	250, 371
abstract_inverted_index.them	294
abstract_inverted_index.this	121, 330
abstract_inverted_index.with	397, 411
abstract_inverted_index.zero	30
abstract_inverted_index.(EDL)	56
abstract_inverted_index.(NPs)	93
abstract_inverted_index.(both	199
abstract_inverted_index.(with	125
abstract_inverted_index.B2195	398
abstract_inverted_index.B2320	400
abstract_inverted_index.C–C	143, 251
abstract_inverted_index.C–N	162
abstract_inverted_index.alloy	91
abstract_inverted_index.arise	110
abstract_inverted_index.atoms	97
abstract_inverted_index.data.	368
abstract_inverted_index.field	243
abstract_inverted_index.input	367
abstract_inverted_index.ionic	297
abstract_inverted_index.layer	59, 234
abstract_inverted_index.local	221
abstract_inverted_index.model	344
abstract_inverted_index.salts	48, 198, 278, 402
abstract_inverted_index.sites	155, 170
abstract_inverted_index.study	208
abstract_inverted_index.their	81, 209
abstract_inverted_index.using	185, 338
abstract_inverted_index.which	182
abstract_inverted_index.(ionic	49
abstract_inverted_index.Recent	37
abstract_inverted_index.active	127
abstract_inverted_index.allows	235
abstract_inverted_index.anions	200
abstract_inverted_index.carbon	31
abstract_inverted_index.cation	323
abstract_inverted_index.design	331
abstract_inverted_index.energy	373
abstract_inverted_index.formed	45
abstract_inverted_index.initio	314
abstract_inverted_index.liquid	298
abstract_inverted_index.method	230
abstract_inverted_index.report	39
abstract_inverted_index.scale,	310
abstract_inverted_index.series	195
abstract_inverted_index.single	96
abstract_inverted_index.sites)	128
abstract_inverted_index.sites.	147
abstract_inverted_index.system	124
abstract_inverted_index.tandem	99, 122, 179
abstract_inverted_index.target	360
abstract_inverted_index.within	231
abstract_inverted_index.(B2195)	273
abstract_inverted_index.(B2320)	277
abstract_inverted_index.Cu(111)	101
abstract_inverted_index.C–C/N	20
abstract_inverted_index.Herein,	84
abstract_inverted_index.Results	369
abstract_inverted_index.average	377
abstract_inverted_index.between	115, 164, 253
abstract_inverted_index.convert	136
abstract_inverted_index.crucial	217
abstract_inverted_index.driving	407
abstract_inverted_index.effects	304, 324
abstract_inverted_index.energy.	36
abstract_inverted_index.exhibit	69
abstract_inverted_index.extreme	340
abstract_inverted_index.facets.	102
abstract_inverted_index.induced	210, 241
abstract_inverted_index.liquid)	50
abstract_inverted_index.machine	335
abstract_inverted_index.maximum	281
abstract_inverted_index.metals,	119
abstract_inverted_index.method,	192
abstract_inverted_index.modeled	174
abstract_inverted_index.results	248
abstract_inverted_index.serving	363
abstract_inverted_index.solvent	239
abstract_inverted_index.studies	38
abstract_inverted_index.suggest	249
abstract_inverted_index.through	325
abstract_inverted_index.(cation)	214
abstract_inverted_index.Cu-based	62, 178
abstract_inverted_index.EFC–CP	229
abstract_inverted_index.Faradaic	74
abstract_inverted_index.However,	65
abstract_inverted_index.activity	71
abstract_inverted_index.approach	353
abstract_inverted_index.boosting	342
abstract_inverted_index.catalyst	63, 123, 180
abstract_inverted_index.catalyze	130
abstract_inverted_index.cations)	202
abstract_inverted_index.chemical	105
abstract_inverted_index.constant	189
abstract_inverted_index.coupling	21, 144, 163, 372
abstract_inverted_index.decrease	279
abstract_inverted_index.delivery	88
abstract_inverted_index.dynamics	316
abstract_inverted_index.electric	54, 187, 242
abstract_inverted_index.elements	385
abstract_inverted_index.employed	312
abstract_inverted_index.enabling	120
abstract_inverted_index.ethylene	12, 393, 410
abstract_inverted_index.explicit	236
abstract_inverted_index.features	357, 390
abstract_inverted_index.focusing	318
abstract_inverted_index.gradient	341
abstract_inverted_index.identify	355
abstract_inverted_index.improved	104
abstract_inverted_index.learning	336
abstract_inverted_index.limiting	80, 282
abstract_inverted_index.networks	321
abstract_inverted_index.operator	352
abstract_inverted_index.property	361
abstract_inverted_index.reaction	245
abstract_inverted_index.strategy	332
abstract_inverted_index.targeted	87
abstract_inverted_index.Helmholtz	58, 233
abstract_inverted_index.acetamide	17, 160, 395
abstract_inverted_index.achieved.	172
abstract_inverted_index.achieving	29
abstract_inverted_index.advancing	34
abstract_inverted_index.approach.	328
abstract_inverted_index.catalysts	68
abstract_inverted_index.couplings	252
abstract_inverted_index.deviation	378
abstract_inverted_index.effective	26
abstract_inverted_index.electrode	211
abstract_inverted_index.emissions	32
abstract_inverted_index.establish	52
abstract_inverted_index.ethylene.	269
abstract_inverted_index.favorable	264
abstract_inverted_index.formation	267
abstract_inverted_index.hydronium	204
abstract_inverted_index.important	389
abstract_inverted_index.including	193
abstract_inverted_index.modulated	184
abstract_inverted_index.molecular	309, 315
abstract_inverted_index.optimized	412
abstract_inverted_index.potential	190, 283
abstract_inverted_index.products,	79
abstract_inverted_index.promising	296
abstract_inverted_index.reduction	3, 150
abstract_inverted_index.renewable	35
abstract_inverted_index.screening	349
abstract_inverted_index.technique	27
abstract_inverted_index.(EFC–CP)	191
abstract_inverted_index.activating	404
abstract_inverted_index.attractive	24
abstract_inverted_index.bimetallic	108
abstract_inverted_index.commercial	82
abstract_inverted_index.conversion	158
abstract_inverted_index.efficiency	75
abstract_inverted_index.engineered	43
abstract_inverted_index.enrichment	223
abstract_inverted_index.high-value	6
abstract_inverted_index.increasing	220
abstract_inverted_index.interface,	181
abstract_inverted_index.interface.	64
abstract_inverted_index.multiscale	327
abstract_inverted_index.properties	106
abstract_inverted_index.regression	334, 343
abstract_inverted_index.subsequent	157
abstract_inverted_index.synthesis,	396
abstract_inverted_index.understand	302
abstract_inverted_index.Imidazolium	213
abstract_inverted_index.constituent	384
abstract_inverted_index.efficiently	403
abstract_inverted_index.hydrocarbon	78, 140
abstract_inverted_index.imidazolium	47, 197, 401
abstract_inverted_index.influencing	358
abstract_inverted_index.interaction	114
abstract_inverted_index.interfacial	57
abstract_inverted_index.multicarbon	7
abstract_inverted_index.positioning	293
abstract_inverted_index.potentials.	212
abstract_inverted_index.simulation,	317
abstract_inverted_index.sparsifying	351
abstract_inverted_index.stabilizing	225
abstract_inverted_index.synergistic	113
abstract_inverted_index.Furthermore,	148, 329
abstract_inverted_index.application.	83
abstract_inverted_index.carbon-based	226
abstract_inverted_index.demonstrated	86
abstract_inverted_index.double-layer	55
abstract_inverted_index.ground-state	380
abstract_inverted_index.hydrocarbons	9
abstract_inverted_index.incorporated	333
abstract_inverted_index.independence	348
abstract_inverted_index.monometallic	66
abstract_inverted_index.nanocrystals	109
abstract_inverted_index.subsequently	135
abstract_inverted_index.(selectivity)	76
abstract_inverted_index.Specifically,	270
abstract_inverted_index.consideration	237
abstract_inverted_index.hydrogen-bond	320
abstract_inverted_index.intermediates	141
abstract_inverted_index.nanoparticles	92
abstract_inverted_index.respectively,	292
abstract_inverted_index.CO<sub>2</sub>	2, 131, 149, 222, 405
abstract_inverted_index.NH<sub>3</sub>	167
abstract_inverted_index.intermediates.	227, 246
abstract_inverted_index.(CH<sub>2</sub>	13
abstract_inverted_index.CH<sub>2</sub>)	15
abstract_inverted_index.(C<sub>2+</sub>)	8, 139
abstract_inverted_index.Electrocatalytic	1
abstract_inverted_index.eCO<sub>2</sub>R	306
abstract_inverted_index.electroreduction	408
abstract_inverted_index.tetrafuoroborate	272
abstract_inverted_index.eCO<sub>2</sub>R.	300
abstract_inverted_index.microenvironments	44
abstract_inverted_index.(eCO<sub>2</sub>R)	4
abstract_inverted_index.hexafuorophosphate	276
abstract_inverted_index.field–controlling	188
abstract_inverted_index.<title>Abstract</title>	0
abstract_inverted_index.1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium	271, 275
abstract_inverted_index.(H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+δ</sup>)	206
abstract_inverted_index.(CH<sub>3</sub>CONH<sub>2</sub>)	18
abstract_inverted_index.(<italic>E</italic><sub>cplg</sub>)	374
abstract_inverted_index.<italic>U</italic><sub>max</sub>(η)	362
abstract_inverted_index.<italic>U</italic><sub>max</sub>(η).	413
abstract_inverted_index.(<italic>U</italic><sub>max</sub>(η))	284
cited_by_percentile_year
countries_distinct_count	1
institutions_distinct_count	4
citation_normalized_percentile.value	0.14416246
citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent	False
citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent	False