Enhanced microalgal lipid production for biofuel using different strategies including genetic modification of microalgae: A review Article Swipe
YOU?
·
· 2023
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2023.101071
Microalgae have gained considerable attention as an alternative feedstock for the biofuel production, particularly in combination with genetic modification strategies that target enhanced lipid productivity. To tackle climate change issues, phasing out the usage of fossil fuels is seen as a priority, where the utilization of biofuel from microalgae serves as a potential sustainable energy source for various applications. These photosynthetic microalgae utilize solar energy and carbon dioxide to produce energy-rich compounds (i.e., starch and lipids), that can be further converted into biofuels of different types. Among different types of biofuels, biodiesel from the transesterification of triacylglycerols stands out as the most sustainable replacement of transportation fuel over fossil-based petroleum diesel. However, hurdles such as limited productivity, overall production cost and challenges in upscaling the algal technology leaves a huge gap on the road to commercialized microalgae-based biofuel. This review article first presents a comprehensive overview of imperative knowledge regarding microalgae in terms of algal classification, factors affecting the growth of microalgae during cultivation and different steps in upstream processing. This review also discusses recent advances in downstream processing of microalgal biorefinery. Additionally, this review paper focuses on deliberating various recent strategies of genetic modifications and their feasibility for enhanced lipid productivity in microalgae. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives of microalgae-based biofuels are highlighted in this review discussing several aspects, including sustainability of microalgae-based biofuel production, current status of algae-based industry, risks and legislation considerations of genetic modification of microalgae.
Related Topics
- Type
- review
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2023.101071
- OA Status
- hybrid
- Cited By
- 272
- References
- 394
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4322488409
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4322488409Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2023.101071Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Enhanced microalgal lipid production for biofuel using different strategies including genetic modification of microalgae: A reviewWork title
- Type
-
reviewOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2023Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2023-02-27Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Kuan Shiong Khoo, Imran Ahmad, Kit Wayne Chew, Koji Iwamoto, Amit Bhatnagar, Pau Loke ShowList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2023.101071Publisher landing page
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
hybridOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2023.101071Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Biofuel, Biodiesel, Biorefinery, Biochemical engineering, Sustainability, Algae fuel, Fossil fuel, Bioenergy, Bioproducts, Aviation biofuel, Biotechnology, Productivity, Environmental science, Engineering, Waste management, Ecology, Biology, Economics, Biochemistry, Macroeconomics, CatalysisTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
272Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 118, 2024: 104, 2023: 50Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
394Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4322488409 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2023.101071 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2023.101071 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4322488409 |
| fwci | 23.03767321 |
| type | review |
| title | Enhanced microalgal lipid production for biofuel using different strategies including genetic modification of microalgae: A review |
| biblio.issue | |
| biblio.volume | 96 |
| biblio.last_page | 101071 |
| biblio.first_page | 101071 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10476 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/21 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Energy |
| topics[0].score | 0.9994999766349792 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2105 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment |
| topics[0].display_name | Algal biology and biofuel production |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T10507 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[1].score | 0.9847000241279602 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2204 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Biomedical Engineering |
| topics[1].display_name | Biodiesel Production and Applications |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T10932 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology |
| topics[2].score | 0.9764999747276306 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/1 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Life Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1312 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Molecular Biology |
| topics[2].display_name | Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 6060 |
| apc_list.currency | USD |
| apc_list.value_usd | 6060 |
| apc_paid.value | 6060 |
| apc_paid.currency | USD |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 6060 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C53991642 |
| concepts[0].level | 2 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.8515610694885254 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128991 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Biofuel |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C52896960 |
| concepts[1].level | 3 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.6645036935806274 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167947 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Biodiesel |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C2780301381 |
| concepts[2].level | 3 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.5988956093788147 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864683 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Biorefinery |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C183696295 |
| concepts[3].level | 1 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.5471004247665405 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2487696 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Biochemical engineering |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C66204764 |
| concepts[4].level | 2 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.5255447626113892 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Sustainability |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C159403789 |
| concepts[5].level | 4 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.5052960515022278 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1342552 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Algae fuel |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C68189081 |
| concepts[6].level | 2 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.4851177930831909 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12748 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Fossil fuel |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C156380964 |
| concepts[7].level | 3 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.47637149691581726 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18556 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Bioenergy |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C2780430855 |
| concepts[8].level | 3 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.46913760900497437 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4915222 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Bioproducts |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C67679573 |
| concepts[9].level | 4 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.4666205644607544 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4828692 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Aviation biofuel |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C150903083 |
| concepts[10].level | 1 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.4645514190196991 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Biotechnology |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C204983608 |
| concepts[11].level | 2 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.43135398626327515 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Productivity |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C39432304 |
| concepts[12].level | 0 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.42964693903923035 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Environmental science |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C127413603 |
| concepts[13].level | 0 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.3454972505569458 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Engineering |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C548081761 |
| concepts[14].level | 1 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.23951834440231323 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Waste management |
| concepts[15].id | https://openalex.org/C18903297 |
| concepts[15].level | 1 |
| concepts[15].score | 0.17898714542388916 |
| concepts[15].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150 |
| concepts[15].display_name | Ecology |
| concepts[16].id | https://openalex.org/C86803240 |
| concepts[16].level | 0 |
| concepts[16].score | 0.17268750071525574 |
| concepts[16].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420 |
| concepts[16].display_name | Biology |
| concepts[17].id | https://openalex.org/C162324750 |
| concepts[17].level | 0 |
| concepts[17].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[17].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134 |
| concepts[17].display_name | Economics |
| concepts[18].id | https://openalex.org/C55493867 |
| concepts[18].level | 1 |
| concepts[18].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[18].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094 |
| concepts[18].display_name | Biochemistry |
| concepts[19].id | https://openalex.org/C139719470 |
| concepts[19].level | 1 |
| concepts[19].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[19].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680 |
| concepts[19].display_name | Macroeconomics |
| concepts[20].id | https://openalex.org/C161790260 |
| concepts[20].level | 2 |
| concepts[20].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[20].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82264 |
| concepts[20].display_name | Catalysis |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/biofuel |
| keywords[0].score | 0.8515610694885254 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Biofuel |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/biodiesel |
| keywords[1].score | 0.6645036935806274 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Biodiesel |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/biorefinery |
| keywords[2].score | 0.5988956093788147 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Biorefinery |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/biochemical-engineering |
| keywords[3].score | 0.5471004247665405 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Biochemical engineering |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainability |
| keywords[4].score | 0.5255447626113892 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Sustainability |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/algae-fuel |
| keywords[5].score | 0.5052960515022278 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Algae fuel |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/fossil-fuel |
| keywords[6].score | 0.4851177930831909 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Fossil fuel |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/bioenergy |
| keywords[7].score | 0.47637149691581726 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Bioenergy |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/bioproducts |
| keywords[8].score | 0.46913760900497437 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Bioproducts |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/aviation-biofuel |
| keywords[9].score | 0.4666205644607544 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Aviation biofuel |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/biotechnology |
| keywords[10].score | 0.4645514190196991 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Biotechnology |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/productivity |
| keywords[11].score | 0.43135398626327515 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Productivity |
| keywords[12].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science |
| keywords[12].score | 0.42964693903923035 |
| keywords[12].display_name | Environmental science |
| keywords[13].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering |
| keywords[13].score | 0.3454972505569458 |
| keywords[13].display_name | Engineering |
| keywords[14].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/waste-management |
| keywords[14].score | 0.23951834440231323 |
| keywords[14].display_name | Waste management |
| keywords[15].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology |
| keywords[15].score | 0.17898714542388916 |
| keywords[15].display_name | Ecology |
| keywords[16].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/biology |
| keywords[16].score | 0.17268750071525574 |
| keywords[16].display_name | Biology |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.1016/j.pecs.2023.101071 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S65236890 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 0360-1285, 1873-216X |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 0360-1285 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Progress in Energy and Combustion Science |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Elsevier BV |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Progress in Energy and Combustion Science |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2023.101071 |
| locations[1].id | pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/172467 |
| locations[1].is_oa | True |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306402609 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University) |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I172675005 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | Nanyang Technological University |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I172675005 |
| locations[1].license | cc-by |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | Journal Article |
| locations[1].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[1].is_accepted | False |
| locations[1].is_published | False |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://hdl.handle.net/10356/172467 |
| indexed_in | crossref |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5074200091 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5369-2675 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Kuan Shiong Khoo |
| authorships[0].countries | MY, TW |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I99908691 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan |
| authorships[0].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I2802910988 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Centre for Research and Graduate Studies, University of Cyberjaya, Persiaran Bestari, 63000, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I2802910988 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04f1eek20 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I2802910988 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | MY |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | University of Cyberjaya |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I99908691 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/01fv1ds98 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I99908691 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].country_code | TW |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].display_name | Yuan Ze University |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Kuan Shiong Khoo |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Centre for Research and Graduate Studies, University of Cyberjaya, Persiaran Bestari, 63000, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5103198219 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9774-9111 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Imran Ahmad |
| authorships[1].countries | MY |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4576418 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Algae and Biomass Research Laboratory, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4576418 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/026w31v75 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4576418 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | MY |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | University of Technology Malaysia |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Imran Ahmad |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Algae and Biomass Research Laboratory, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5034081477 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2622-6916 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Kit Wayne Chew |
| authorships[2].countries | FR, SG |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I172675005, https://openalex.org/I4210118524 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210118524 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02dn7x778 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210118524 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | FR |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I172675005 |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/02e7b5302 |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I172675005 |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].country_code | SG |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].display_name | Nanyang Technological University |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Kit Wayne Chew |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5018925694 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5987-0698 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Koji Iwamoto |
| authorships[3].countries | MY |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4576418 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Algae and Biomass Research Laboratory, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4576418 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/026w31v75 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4576418 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | MY |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | University of Technology Malaysia |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Koji Iwamoto |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Algae and Biomass Research Laboratory, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5064265329 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3565-9943 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Amit Bhatnagar |
| authorships[4].countries | FI |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I63548447 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Separation Science, LUT School of Engineering Science, LUT University, Sammonkatu 12, FI-50130, Mikkeli, Finland |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I63548447 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/0208vgz68 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I63548447 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | FI |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Amit Bhatnagar |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Separation Science, LUT School of Engineering Science, LUT University, Sammonkatu 12, FI-50130, Mikkeli, Finland |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5047902084 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0913-5409 |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | Pau Loke Show |
| authorships[5].countries | AE, CN, IN, MY |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I155043079 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia |
| authorships[5].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I85461943 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Sustainable Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai 602105, India |
| authorships[5].affiliations[2].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I146620803 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[2].raw_affiliation_string | Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China |
| authorships[5].affiliations[3].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I176601375 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[3].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, Shakhbout Bin Sultan St, Zone 1, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I176601375 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05hffr360 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I176601375 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code | AE |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name | Khalifa University of Science and Technology |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I146620803 |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/020hxh324 |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I146620803 |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].country_code | CN |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].display_name | Wenzhou University |
| authorships[5].institutions[2].id | https://openalex.org/I85461943 |
| authorships[5].institutions[2].ror | https://ror.org/0034me914 |
| authorships[5].institutions[2].type | education |
| authorships[5].institutions[2].lineage | https://openalex.org/I85461943 |
| authorships[5].institutions[2].country_code | IN |
| authorships[5].institutions[2].display_name | Saveetha University |
| authorships[5].institutions[3].id | https://openalex.org/I155043079 |
| authorships[5].institutions[3].ror | https://ror.org/04mz9mt17 |
| authorships[5].institutions[3].type | education |
| authorships[5].institutions[3].lineage | https://openalex.org/I142263535, https://openalex.org/I155043079 |
| authorships[5].institutions[3].country_code | MY |
| authorships[5].institutions[3].display_name | University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus |
| authorships[5].author_position | last |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | Pau Loke Show |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, Shakhbout Bin Sultan St, Zone 1, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia, Department of Sustainable Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai 602105, India, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China |
| has_content.pdf | False |
| has_content.grobid_xml | False |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2023.101071 |
| open_access.oa_status | hybrid |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Enhanced microalgal lipid production for biofuel using different strategies including genetic modification of microalgae: A review |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10476 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/21 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Energy |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9994999766349792 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2105 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment |
| primary_topic.display_name | Algal biology and biofuel production |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W4200484437, https://openalex.org/W4285309416, https://openalex.org/W4388362185, https://openalex.org/W2884891689, https://openalex.org/W4389624745, https://openalex.org/W3207328880, https://openalex.org/W2997135787, https://openalex.org/W4304890363, https://openalex.org/W619367356, https://openalex.org/W2298728628 |
| cited_by_count | 272 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 118 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 104 |
| counts_by_year[2].year | 2023 |
| counts_by_year[2].cited_by_count | 50 |
| locations_count | 2 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.1016/j.pecs.2023.101071 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S65236890 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 0360-1285, 1873-216X |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | False |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 0360-1285 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Progress in Energy and Combustion Science |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Elsevier BV |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Progress in Energy and Combustion Science |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2023.101071 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.1016/j.pecs.2023.101071 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S65236890 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 0360-1285, 1873-216X |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | False |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 0360-1285 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Progress in Energy and Combustion Science |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Elsevier BV |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Progress in Energy and Combustion Science |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2023.101071 |
| publication_date | 2023-02-27 |
| publication_year | 2023 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W2336998050, https://openalex.org/W3110831458, https://openalex.org/W2610240964, https://openalex.org/W6751899594, https://openalex.org/W2056027923, https://openalex.org/W19758702, https://openalex.org/W2901572249, https://openalex.org/W1990717355, https://openalex.org/W2128836283, https://openalex.org/W3198873713, https://openalex.org/W2807405898, https://openalex.org/W3035574317, https://openalex.org/W1963854211, https://openalex.org/W2004583029, https://openalex.org/W3006059033, https://openalex.org/W2802803660, https://openalex.org/W3006676049, https://openalex.org/W3172123446, https://openalex.org/W3194579239, https://openalex.org/W3083657186, https://openalex.org/W4303423538, https://openalex.org/W2212366839, https://openalex.org/W2611048785, https://openalex.org/W2789683991, https://openalex.org/W3164728562, https://openalex.org/W4213272685, https://openalex.org/W3136033096, https://openalex.org/W3107792525, https://openalex.org/W6781278606, https://openalex.org/W3197395501, https://openalex.org/W3210379815, https://openalex.org/W2522973931, https://openalex.org/W2980759483, https://openalex.org/W3087926987, https://openalex.org/W3096017162, https://openalex.org/W2762181595, https://openalex.org/W2578904737, https://openalex.org/W1525435135, https://openalex.org/W2057396845, https://openalex.org/W1973319807, https://openalex.org/W2151984034, https://openalex.org/W2594901229, https://openalex.org/W2002115218, https://openalex.org/W2018919953, https://openalex.org/W2046495385, https://openalex.org/W2078549554, https://openalex.org/W2054401009, https://openalex.org/W6683420261, https://openalex.org/W1976490731, https://openalex.org/W2043320216, https://openalex.org/W1988008273, https://openalex.org/W2114206363, https://openalex.org/W2125043509, https://openalex.org/W2122983404, https://openalex.org/W2047601559, https://openalex.org/W2508592984, https://openalex.org/W3192555802, https://openalex.org/W2564277742, https://openalex.org/W3016025433, https://openalex.org/W2809056012, https://openalex.org/W2482906106, https://openalex.org/W1966123812, https://openalex.org/W2053520477, https://openalex.org/W1182946741, https://openalex.org/W3176195755, https://openalex.org/W4212905003, https://openalex.org/W2564355130, https://openalex.org/W4294883827, https://openalex.org/W4214497554, https://openalex.org/W3205415076, https://openalex.org/W2741057562, https://openalex.org/W3127592644, https://openalex.org/W2296039946, https://openalex.org/W3040359248, https://openalex.org/W2967757609, https://openalex.org/W2996314092, https://openalex.org/W2971609809, https://openalex.org/W3000121590, https://openalex.org/W3037402206, https://openalex.org/W2808006004, https://openalex.org/W2345544985, https://openalex.org/W2971641283, https://openalex.org/W3036654129, https://openalex.org/W3045017915, https://openalex.org/W2946106729, https://openalex.org/W3027126703, https://openalex.org/W3081929500, https://openalex.org/W2894880737, https://openalex.org/W2966519656, https://openalex.org/W2936101484, https://openalex.org/W3074004624, https://openalex.org/W2905036834, https://openalex.org/W3175686763, https://openalex.org/W2794303709, https://openalex.org/W2036684426, https://openalex.org/W2074995632, https://openalex.org/W3097532599, https://openalex.org/W3081358598, https://openalex.org/W2891721621, https://openalex.org/W6794091482, https://openalex.org/W2907058027, https://openalex.org/W4308155832, https://openalex.org/W4214933000, https://openalex.org/W4296220029, https://openalex.org/W6809151725, https://openalex.org/W6838358862, https://openalex.org/W2518544524, https://openalex.org/W4283582696, https://openalex.org/W4293107457, https://openalex.org/W2789671408, https://openalex.org/W2003567036, https://openalex.org/W2081681331, https://openalex.org/W2132575284, https://openalex.org/W4281754805, https://openalex.org/W2083847643, https://openalex.org/W2153922477, https://openalex.org/W4224243006, https://openalex.org/W4292868372, https://openalex.org/W4283781732, https://openalex.org/W4283656002, https://openalex.org/W6842513326, https://openalex.org/W4300861304, https://openalex.org/W3217389706, https://openalex.org/W4304693983, https://openalex.org/W6810775254, https://openalex.org/W4293872586, https://openalex.org/W2500088682, https://openalex.org/W4308347687, https://openalex.org/W4306320806, https://openalex.org/W2888962071, https://openalex.org/W1965569434, https://openalex.org/W2733984334, https://openalex.org/W2215229013, https://openalex.org/W3205025108, https://openalex.org/W3215583084, https://openalex.org/W4210467650, https://openalex.org/W4220743971, https://openalex.org/W3212009367, https://openalex.org/W4223429248, https://openalex.org/W6805763339, https://openalex.org/W2092921932, https://openalex.org/W6805421412, https://openalex.org/W4303699751, https://openalex.org/W4285084488, https://openalex.org/W2405798927, https://openalex.org/W1514825360, https://openalex.org/W2887845774, https://openalex.org/W1490781569, https://openalex.org/W1884220033, https://openalex.org/W2298217729, https://openalex.org/W4237422405, https://openalex.org/W243614891, https://openalex.org/W2234448614, https://openalex.org/W3213865793, https://openalex.org/W4293317992, https://openalex.org/W4281264126, https://openalex.org/W2079479723, https://openalex.org/W2002330593, https://openalex.org/W3081825369, https://openalex.org/W2121740991, https://openalex.org/W3028285691, https://openalex.org/W1979230878, https://openalex.org/W2092219928, https://openalex.org/W2034829949, https://openalex.org/W3197914430, https://openalex.org/W2999949784, https://openalex.org/W2194851919, https://openalex.org/W2971862693, https://openalex.org/W2060582181, https://openalex.org/W138587352, https://openalex.org/W2087073274, https://openalex.org/W2043948111, https://openalex.org/W1985022395, https://openalex.org/W2489744902, https://openalex.org/W2625657468, https://openalex.org/W4296307140, https://openalex.org/W1963595821, https://openalex.org/W2040772742, https://openalex.org/W4307723766, https://openalex.org/W2971950367, https://openalex.org/W2037232531, https://openalex.org/W2805690397, https://openalex.org/W3008690022, https://openalex.org/W2216798182, https://openalex.org/W3094438629, https://openalex.org/W2728647275, https://openalex.org/W2177128888, https://openalex.org/W2065495679, https://openalex.org/W1994415262, https://openalex.org/W2473973413, https://openalex.org/W6842601521, https://openalex.org/W2607176939, https://openalex.org/W2096791413, https://openalex.org/W2060452821, https://openalex.org/W6752167708, https://openalex.org/W2084103641, https://openalex.org/W2153367018, https://openalex.org/W3009044298, https://openalex.org/W2012399441, https://openalex.org/W2460794972, https://openalex.org/W3015420330, https://openalex.org/W2889085244, https://openalex.org/W3093490241, https://openalex.org/W2801758259, https://openalex.org/W2942853824, https://openalex.org/W4292157622, https://openalex.org/W3009494972, https://openalex.org/W2032490469, https://openalex.org/W2027898890, https://openalex.org/W6752828120, https://openalex.org/W2772199900, https://openalex.org/W3124623898, https://openalex.org/W2788456521, https://openalex.org/W2896822666, https://openalex.org/W1977982679, https://openalex.org/W2345986645, https://openalex.org/W3187722800, https://openalex.org/W2984751278, https://openalex.org/W2225140026, https://openalex.org/W2599990964, https://openalex.org/W2883285624, https://openalex.org/W6750752921, https://openalex.org/W2485089802, https://openalex.org/W2792537203, https://openalex.org/W3008405642, https://openalex.org/W2496139067, https://openalex.org/W3033413674, https://openalex.org/W2946452941, https://openalex.org/W6601377723, https://openalex.org/W2767157546, https://openalex.org/W2559943178, https://openalex.org/W3094180433, https://openalex.org/W2045305013, https://openalex.org/W2318253094, https://openalex.org/W2888170352, https://openalex.org/W1982671874, https://openalex.org/W2088034347, https://openalex.org/W2897437630, https://openalex.org/W3032196360, https://openalex.org/W4289260461, https://openalex.org/W2321005010, https://openalex.org/W1967410318, https://openalex.org/W2410497014, https://openalex.org/W4214560690, https://openalex.org/W2606839796, https://openalex.org/W2102280540, https://openalex.org/W4224313898, https://openalex.org/W2461142446, https://openalex.org/W2062889643, https://openalex.org/W4307941473, https://openalex.org/W2170738954, https://openalex.org/W4200075895, https://openalex.org/W2598947527, https://openalex.org/W2586375435, https://openalex.org/W2947572188, https://openalex.org/W2069272436, https://openalex.org/W2163147779, https://openalex.org/W2907152535, https://openalex.org/W1999704020, https://openalex.org/W1964948392, https://openalex.org/W839841151, https://openalex.org/W2050752846, https://openalex.org/W2103835626, https://openalex.org/W2061667260, https://openalex.org/W800301257, https://openalex.org/W2560640001, https://openalex.org/W2623486529, https://openalex.org/W2021653911, https://openalex.org/W2808192603, https://openalex.org/W2954082612, https://openalex.org/W4293917570, https://openalex.org/W2951953295, https://openalex.org/W2168003071, https://openalex.org/W2071886807, https://openalex.org/W1982231130, https://openalex.org/W2080024205, https://openalex.org/W2136935390, https://openalex.org/W2955582289, https://openalex.org/W2942679454, https://openalex.org/W2122437201, https://openalex.org/W3199757852, https://openalex.org/W2554378945, https://openalex.org/W2036301709, https://openalex.org/W2924589250, https://openalex.org/W2858192943, https://openalex.org/W2965939692, https://openalex.org/W1093888601, https://openalex.org/W2509697365, https://openalex.org/W2591657700, https://openalex.org/W2052225110, https://openalex.org/W2347049662, https://openalex.org/W2575710335, https://openalex.org/W2728235166, https://openalex.org/W2604088836, https://openalex.org/W1016239646, https://openalex.org/W2326711990, https://openalex.org/W613518756, https://openalex.org/W2782618344, https://openalex.org/W2790213582, https://openalex.org/W2213935942, https://openalex.org/W6758850941, https://openalex.org/W6683309937, https://openalex.org/W1828419521, https://openalex.org/W2608358559, https://openalex.org/W1864879039, https://openalex.org/W2767899030, https://openalex.org/W2790186428, https://openalex.org/W3086453018, https://openalex.org/W4280640544, https://openalex.org/W3022413447, https://openalex.org/W2557061584, https://openalex.org/W2588656334, https://openalex.org/W1982846895, https://openalex.org/W2127734875, https://openalex.org/W3083329137, https://openalex.org/W2998881619, https://openalex.org/W3194269273, https://openalex.org/W2770215042, https://openalex.org/W3003294779, https://openalex.org/W6772835985, https://openalex.org/W2918426555, https://openalex.org/W3149267289, https://openalex.org/W3033074721, https://openalex.org/W2158927555, https://openalex.org/W1877938267, https://openalex.org/W2153210282, https://openalex.org/W2606911343, https://openalex.org/W2938564215, https://openalex.org/W2009495423, https://openalex.org/W2886614056, https://openalex.org/W2779847591, https://openalex.org/W2549442546, https://openalex.org/W2584033026, https://openalex.org/W2894197736, https://openalex.org/W2799920233, https://openalex.org/W2807292031, https://openalex.org/W6776787273, https://openalex.org/W3123467959, https://openalex.org/W3159507539, https://openalex.org/W2464024845, https://openalex.org/W2169743629, https://openalex.org/W1276390799, https://openalex.org/W2792124711, https://openalex.org/W2076019237, https://openalex.org/W3146521331, https://openalex.org/W3112777082, https://openalex.org/W2398179464, https://openalex.org/W2761439032, https://openalex.org/W2044457251, https://openalex.org/W2115213839, https://openalex.org/W2925073627, https://openalex.org/W6749297000, https://openalex.org/W6790519675, https://openalex.org/W2077657799, https://openalex.org/W2465823997, https://openalex.org/W2618615507, https://openalex.org/W2929744900, https://openalex.org/W6746633179, https://openalex.org/W2983678700, https://openalex.org/W2980729760, https://openalex.org/W4282008036, https://openalex.org/W2276267850, https://openalex.org/W2985942882, https://openalex.org/W2901558132, https://openalex.org/W2086172955, https://openalex.org/W2076907063, https://openalex.org/W3168391765, https://openalex.org/W3016994476, https://openalex.org/W3130158221, https://openalex.org/W4214765283, https://openalex.org/W2803950805, https://openalex.org/W4249369816, https://openalex.org/W2809952684, https://openalex.org/W4376486079, https://openalex.org/W4295123517, https://openalex.org/W4293729236, https://openalex.org/W4376591353, https://openalex.org/W4225155390, https://openalex.org/W3001404149, https://openalex.org/W4200292685, https://openalex.org/W2486303280, https://openalex.org/W2805013075, https://openalex.org/W2914197015, https://openalex.org/W2909991322, https://openalex.org/W2157553436, https://openalex.org/W3045395766, https://openalex.org/W2507376056, https://openalex.org/W1508791003, https://openalex.org/W4200513435, https://openalex.org/W4285184916, https://openalex.org/W3153074312, https://openalex.org/W2800884594, https://openalex.org/W4281720344, https://openalex.org/W4200481279 |
| referenced_works_count | 394 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 40, 51, 128, 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.To | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 5, 39, 50, 99, 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.be | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 14, 122, 151, 167, 176, 202, 216 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 34, 45, 83, 89, 95, 104, 146, 153, 160, 179, 192, 211, 224, 230, 237, 240 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 131, 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 68, 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 65, 74, 120, 164, 195, 208, 234 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 214 |
| abstract_inverted_index.can | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 9, 56, 198 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gap | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.out | 31, 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 10, 32, 43, 93, 100, 124, 132, 158, 205 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 138, 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.also | 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cost | 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 47, 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fuel | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.have | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.huge | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.into | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.most | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.over | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.road | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.seen | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.such | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 20, 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 183, 217 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Among | 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.These | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.algal | 125, 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.first | 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fuels | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lipid | 23, 200 |
| abstract_inverted_index.paper | 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.risks | 233 |
| abstract_inverted_index.solar | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.steps | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.terms | 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.their | 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.types | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.usage | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.where | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(i.e., | 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.carbon | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.change | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.during | 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.energy | 54, 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fossil | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.future | 209 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gained | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.growth | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.leaves | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.recent | 174, 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.review | 139, 171, 184, 218 |
| abstract_inverted_index.serves | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.source | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stands | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.starch | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.status | 229 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tackle | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.target | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.types. | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.article | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.biofuel | 11, 46, 226 |
| abstract_inverted_index.climate | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.current | 206, 228 |
| abstract_inverted_index.diesel. | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dioxide | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.factors | 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.focuses | 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.further | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.genetic | 17, 193, 238 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hurdles | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.issues, | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.limited | 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.overall | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.phasing | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.produce | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.several | 220 |
| abstract_inverted_index.utilize | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.various | 57, 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Finally, | 204 |
| abstract_inverted_index.However, | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.advances | 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aspects, | 221 |
| abstract_inverted_index.biofuel. | 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.biofuels | 82, 213 |
| abstract_inverted_index.enhanced | 22, 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lipids), | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.overview | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.presents | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.upstream | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.affecting | 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.attention | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.biodiesel | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.biofuels, | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compounds | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.converted | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.different | 84, 87, 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.discusses | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.feedstock | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.including | 222 |
| abstract_inverted_index.industry, | 232 |
| abstract_inverted_index.knowledge | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.petroleum | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.potential | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.priority, | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.regarding | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.upscaling | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Microalgae | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.challenges | 121, 207 |
| abstract_inverted_index.discussing | 219 |
| abstract_inverted_index.downstream | 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.imperative | 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.microalgae | 48, 61, 150, 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.microalgal | 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.processing | 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.production | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.strategies | 19, 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.technology | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.algae-based | 231 |
| abstract_inverted_index.alternative | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.combination | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cultivation | 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.energy-rich | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.feasibility | 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.highlighted | 215 |
| abstract_inverted_index.legislation | 235 |
| abstract_inverted_index.microalgae. | 203, 241 |
| abstract_inverted_index.processing. | 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.production, | 12, 227 |
| abstract_inverted_index.replacement | 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sustainable | 53, 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.utilization | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.biorefinery. | 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.considerable | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.deliberating | 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fossil-based | 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.modification | 18, 239 |
| abstract_inverted_index.particularly | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.perspectives | 210 |
| abstract_inverted_index.productivity | 201 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Additionally, | 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.applications. | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.comprehensive | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.modifications | 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.productivity, | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.productivity. | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.commercialized | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.considerations | 236 |
| abstract_inverted_index.photosynthetic | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sustainability | 223 |
| abstract_inverted_index.transportation | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.classification, | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.microalgae-based | 136, 212, 225 |
| abstract_inverted_index.triacylglycerols | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.transesterification | 94 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 100 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 99 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5047902084, https://openalex.org/A5064265329 |
| countries_distinct_count | 8 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 6 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I146620803, https://openalex.org/I155043079, https://openalex.org/I176601375, https://openalex.org/I63548447, https://openalex.org/I85461943 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.99895625 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | True |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | True |