Enhancing Cardiovascular Risk Prediction with a Simplified Carotid IMT Protocol: Evidence from the IMPROVE Study Article Swipe
Fabrizio Veglia
,
Anna Maria Malagoni
,
Mauro Amato
,
Rona J. Strawbridge
,
Kai Savonen
,
Philippe Giral
,
Antonio Gallo
,
Matteo Pirro
,
Bruna Gigante
,
Per Eriksson
,
Douwe J. Mulder
,
B. Frigerio
,
Daniela Sansaro
,
A. Ravani
,
Daniela Coggi
,
Roberta Baetta
,
Nicolò Capra
,
Elena Tremoli
,
Damiano Baldassarre
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13030584
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13030584
Background/Objectives: Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) has long been used as an index of subclinical atherosclerosis, but its role as a risk modifier in cardiovascular (CV) risk optimization has recently been questioned due to methodological problems, such as lack of protocol standardization and scanning difficulties. In this multicentre, longitudinal, and observational study, we tested the predictive ability of two new CIMT variables detectable with a simplified, quick, and easy-to-standardize protocol. Methods: CIMT was measured in 3165 subjects from six centers, in five European countries, belonging to the IMPROVE study. The two variables tested were the average of two maximal CIMT measures taken, from a single angle, in the right and left common carotids (1CC-IMTmean-of-2-max) or bifurcations (BIF-IMTmean-of-2-max). The ability to predict CV events, on top of the SCORE2/SCORE2-OP risk algorithm, was quantified by the time-dependent increase in the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curve (AUC). Results: During a median follow-up of 7.1 years, 367 cardio-, cerebro-, and peripheral-vascular events were registered. Both CIMT variables tested were associated with CV risk, but 1CC-IMTmean-of-2-max was also able to significantly increase the ROC AUC over the risk score (+0.017, p = 0.014). The result was stable after running several sensitivity analyses. Conclusions: 1CC-IMTmean-of-2-max is able to significantly improve the predictive capacity of SCORE2/SCORE2-OP. Being based on a simple and easily standardized measurement protocol, this new variable is a promising candidate for application in mass screening and risk assessment in primary prevention.
Related Topics
Concepts
Receiver operating characteristic
Medicine
Subclinical infection
Observational study
Intima-media thickness
Internal medicine
Framingham Risk Score
Area under the curve
Risk assessment
Protocol (science)
Cardiology
Carotid arteries
Pathology
Computer science
Disease
Computer security
Alternative medicine
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13030584
- https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/3/584/pdf?version=1740562464
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 2
- References
- 33
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4407971236
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4407971236Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13030584Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Enhancing Cardiovascular Risk Prediction with a Simplified Carotid IMT Protocol: Evidence from the IMPROVE StudyWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2025Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2025-02-26Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Fabrizio Veglia, Anna Maria Malagoni, Mauro Amato, Rona J. Strawbridge, Kai Savonen, Philippe Giral, Antonio Gallo, Matteo Pirro, Bruna Gigante, Per Eriksson, Douwe J. Mulder, B. Frigerio, Daniela Sansaro, A. Ravani, Daniela Coggi, Roberta Baetta, Nicolò Capra, Elena Tremoli, Damiano BaldassarreList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13030584Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/3/584/pdf?version=1740562464Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/3/584/pdf?version=1740562464Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
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Receiver operating characteristic, Medicine, Subclinical infection, Observational study, Intima-media thickness, Internal medicine, Framingham Risk Score, Area under the curve, Risk assessment, Protocol (science), Cardiology, Carotid arteries, Pathology, Computer science, Disease, Computer security, Alternative medicineTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
2Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
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2025: 2Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
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33Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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