Enhancing Soybean Salt Tolerance with GSNO and Silicon: A Comprehensive Physiological, Biochemical, and Genetic Study Article Swipe
Meshari Winledy Msarie
,
Nusrat Jahan Methela
,
Mohammad Shafiqul Islam
,
Tong-Yan An
,
Ashim Kumar Das
,
Da‐Sol Lee
,
Bong‐Gyu Mun
,
Byung‐Wook Yun
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26020609
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26020609
Soil salinity is a major global challenge affecting agricultural productivity and food security. This study explores innovative strategies to improve salt tolerance in soybean (Glycine max), a crucial crop in the global food supply. This study investigates the synergistic effects of S-nitroso glutathione (GSNO) and silicon on enhancing salt tolerance in soybean (Glycine max). Two soybean cultivars, Seonpung (salt-tolerant) and Cheongja (salt-sensitive), were analyzed for various physiological, biochemical, and genetic traits under salt stress. The results showed that the combined GSNO and Si treatment significantly improved several key traits, including plant height, relative water content, root development, nodule numbers, chlorophyll content, and stomatal aperture, under both control and salt stress conditions. Additionally, this treatment optimized ion homeostasis by enhancing the Na/K ratio and Ca content, while reducing damage markers such as electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde, and hydrogen peroxide. The stress-responsive compounds, including proline, ascorbate peroxidase, and water-soluble proteins, were elevated under stress conditions, indicating improved tolerance. Gene expression analysis revealed significant upregulation of genes such as GmNHX1, GmSOS2, and GmAKT1, associated with salt stress response, while GmNIP2.1, GmNIP2.2, and GmLBR were downregulated in both varieties. Notably, the salt-sensitive variety Cheongja exhibited higher electrolyte leakage and oxidative damage compared to the salt-tolerant Seonpung. These findings suggest that the combination of GSNO and silicon enhances salt tolerance in soybean by improving physiological resilience, ion homeostasis, and stress-responsive gene expression.
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Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26020609
- https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/26/2/609/pdf?version=1736760345
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 5
- References
- 83
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4406304989
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4406304989Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26020609Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Enhancing Soybean Salt Tolerance with GSNO and Silicon: A Comprehensive Physiological, Biochemical, and Genetic StudyWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2025Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2025-01-13Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Meshari Winledy Msarie, Nusrat Jahan Methela, Mohammad Shafiqul Islam, Tong-Yan An, Ashim Kumar Das, Da‐Sol Lee, Bong‐Gyu Mun, Byung‐Wook YunList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26020609Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/26/2/609/pdf?version=1736760345Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
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YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/26/2/609/pdf?version=1736760345Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
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Malondialdehyde, Proline, Chemistry, Salinity, Food science, Hydrogen peroxide, Oxidative stress, Biochemistry, Agronomy, Horticulture, Biology, Ecology, Amino acidTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
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5Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
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2025: 5Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
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83Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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| abstract_inverted_index.genes | 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.major | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.max), | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.max). | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.plant | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ratio | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study | 14, 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.under | 71, 104, 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.water | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.while | 125, 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(GSNO) | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.damage | 127, 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.global | 5, 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.higher | 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nodule | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.showed | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stress | 109, 150, 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.traits | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.GmAKT1, | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.GmNHX1, | 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.GmSOS2, | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.control | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.crucial | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effects | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.genetic | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.height, | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.improve | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.leakage | 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.markers | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.results | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.several | 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.silicon | 45, 210 |
| abstract_inverted_index.soybean | 23, 51, 55, 215 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stress. | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.suggest | 203 |
| abstract_inverted_index.supply. | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.traits, | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.variety | 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.various | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(Glycine | 24, 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Cheongja | 60, 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Notably, | 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Seonpung | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analysis | 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analyzed | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.combined | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compared | 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.content, | 94, 100, 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.elevated | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.enhances | 211 |
| abstract_inverted_index.explores | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.findings | 202 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hydrogen | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.improved | 85, 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.leakage, | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.numbers, | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proline, | 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reducing | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.relative | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.revealed | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.salinity | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stomatal | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.GmNIP2.1, | 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.GmNIP2.2, | 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.S-nitroso | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Seonpung. | 200 |
| abstract_inverted_index.affecting | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aperture, | 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ascorbate | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.challenge | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.enhancing | 47, 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.exhibited | 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.improving | 217 |
| abstract_inverted_index.including | 89, 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.optimized | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.oxidative | 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.peroxide. | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proteins, | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.response, | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.security. | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tolerance | 21, 49, 213 |
| abstract_inverted_index.treatment | 83, 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.associated | 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compounds, | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cultivars, | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.expression | 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.indicating | 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.innovative | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.strategies | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tolerance. | 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.varieties. | 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.chlorophyll | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.combination | 206 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conditions, | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conditions. | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.electrolyte | 131, 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.expression. | 225 |
| abstract_inverted_index.glutathione | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.homeostasis | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.peroxidase, | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.resilience, | 219 |
| abstract_inverted_index.significant | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.synergistic | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.agricultural | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.biochemical, | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.development, | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.homeostasis, | 221 |
| abstract_inverted_index.investigates | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.productivity | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.upregulation | 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Additionally, | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.downregulated | 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.physiological | 218 |
| abstract_inverted_index.salt-tolerant | 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.significantly | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.water-soluble | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.physiological, | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.salt-sensitive | 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(salt-tolerant) | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.malondialdehyde, | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(salt-sensitive), | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stress-responsive | 138, 223 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 98 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 97 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5050151509 |
| countries_distinct_count | 2 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 8 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I31419693 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.7099999785423279 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Zero hunger |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.98511937 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | True |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | True |