Environmental stress and nanoplastics’ effects on Ciona robusta: regulation of immune/stress-related genes and induction of innate memory in pharynx and gut Article Swipe
Rita Marino
,
Daniela Melillo
,
Paola Italiani
,
Diana Boraschi
·
YOU?
·
· 2023
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1176982
YOU?
·
· 2023
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1176982
In addition to circulating haemocytes, the immune system of the solitary ascidian Ciona robusta relies on two organs, the pharynx and the gut, and encompasses a wide array of immune and stress-related genes. How the pharynx and the gut of C. robusta react and adapt to environmental stress was assessed upon short or long exposure to hypoxia/starvation in the absence or in the presence of polystyrene nanoplastics. We show that the immune response to stress is very different between the two organs, suggesting an organ-specific immune adaptation to the environmental changes. Notably, the presence of nanoplastics appears to alter the gene modulation induced by hypoxia/starvation in both organs, resulting in a partial increase in gene up-regulation in the pharynx and a less evident response to stress in the gut. We have also assessed whether the hypoxia/starvation stress could induce innate memory, measured as gene expression in response to a subsequent challenge with the bacterial agent LPS. Exposure to stress one week before challenge induced a substantial change in the response to LPS, with a general decrease of gene expression in the pharynx and a strong increase in the gut. Co-exposure with nanoplastics only partially modulated the stress-induced memory response to LPS, without substantially changing the stress-dependent gene expression profile in either organ. Overall, the presence of nanoplastics in the marine environment seems able to decrease the immune response of C. robusta to stressful conditions, hypothetically implying a reduced capacity to adapt to environmental changes, but only partially affects the stress-dependent induction of innate memory and subsequent responses to infectious challenges.
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Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1176982
- https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1176982/pdf
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 9
- References
- 57
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
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All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
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https://openalex.org/W4378717259Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
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https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1176982Digital Object Identifier
- Title
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Environmental stress and nanoplastics’ effects on Ciona robusta: regulation of immune/stress-related genes and induction of innate memory in pharynx and gutWork title
- Type
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articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
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enPrimary language
- Publication year
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2023Year of publication
- Publication date
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2023-05-29Full publication date if available
- Authors
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Rita Marino, Daniela Melillo, Paola Italiani, Diana BoraschiList of authors in order
- Landing page
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https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1176982Publisher landing page
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https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1176982/pdfDirect link to full text PDF
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YesWhether a free full text is available
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goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
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https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1176982/pdfDirect OA link when available
- Concepts
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Immune system, Biology, Innate immune system, Gene, Pharynx, Cell biology, Gene expression, Immunology, Hypoxia (environmental), Genetics, Anatomy, Chemistry, Oxygen, Organic chemistryTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
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9Total citation count in OpenAlex
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2025: 1, 2024: 8Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
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57Number of works referenced by this work
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10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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