Equity of digital self-management tools in adults with multiple long-term conditions: a scoping review protocol Article Swipe
Heather Walker
,
Tim Robbins
,
Austen El‐Osta
,
Lucy Stirland
,
David G. Taylor
,
Andy Jones
,
Emily McBride
,
Asra Aslam
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2025-108435
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2025-108435
Introduction Adults living with multiple long-term conditions (MLTC)—defined as the presence of two or more physical or mental health conditions—often face fragmented and complex care. Digital tools offer scalable self-management solutions but may exacerbate inequities due to the digital divide and other factors. The aim of this scoping review is to map and summarise the existing literature on digital self-management tools used in MLTC, with a particular focus on how equity of access is considered in their development, implementation and evaluation. Methods and analysis Scoping review methodology will be based on the Joanna Briggs Institute guidance for scoping reviews and Arskey and O’Malley’s framework and will be reported in alignment with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. Comprehensive search terms based on ‘multimorbidity’, ‘digital tools’ and ‘self-management’ have been developed. Peer-reviewed publications will be identified using MEDLINE, Embase, Emcare, Scopus, CINAHL and PubMed. Two reviewers will independently screen titles and abstracts, with subsequent full text review also being performed in duplicate to ensure they meet the eligibility criteria. Discrepancies will be resolved by discussion with a third reviewer. Included studies will focus on digital tools for the self-management of MLTC in adults (≥18 years old) in any setting. Equity dimensions will include, but are not limited to, digital literacy, treatment burden, socioeconomic status, polypharmacy and access disparities. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval is not required for this scoping review. The results of the scoping review will be published in an open access, peer-reviewed journal for wider dissemination. Additionally, findings will contribute to topic guides and mapping of a research networking event with key stakeholders (including patient and public involvement and engagement members, clinicians, researchers and industry) in MLTC, around the same subject area.
Related Topics
Concepts
No concepts available.
Metadata
- Type
- review
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2025-108435
- https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/bmjopen/15/11/e108435.full.pdf
- OA Status
- gold
- References
- 17
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4416061605
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4416061605Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2025-108435Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Equity of digital self-management tools in adults with multiple long-term conditions: a scoping review protocolWork title
- Type
-
reviewOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2025Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2025-11-01Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Heather Walker, Tim Robbins, Austen El‐Osta, Lucy Stirland, David G. Taylor, Andy Jones, Emily McBride, Asra AslamList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2025-108435Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/bmjopen/15/11/e108435.full.pdfDirect link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/bmjopen/15/11/e108435.full.pdfDirect OA link when available
- Cited by
-
0Total citation count in OpenAlex
- References (count)
-
17Number of works referenced by this work
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4416061605 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2025-108435 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2025-108435 |
| ids.pmid | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41213690 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4416061605 |
| fwci | 0.0 |
| mesh[0].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[0].descriptor_ui | D006801 |
| mesh[0].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[0].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[0].descriptor_name | Humans |
| mesh[1].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[1].descriptor_ui | D000098584 |
| mesh[1].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[1].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[1].descriptor_name | Scoping Review as Topic |
| mesh[2].qualifier_ui | Q000379 |
| mesh[2].descriptor_ui | D000073278 |
| mesh[2].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[2].qualifier_name | methods |
| mesh[2].descriptor_name | Self-Management |
| mesh[3].qualifier_ui | Q000628 |
| mesh[3].descriptor_ui | D002908 |
| mesh[3].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[3].qualifier_name | therapy |
| mesh[3].descriptor_name | Chronic Disease |
| mesh[4].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[4].descriptor_ui | D000328 |
| mesh[4].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[4].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[4].descriptor_name | Adult |
| mesh[5].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[5].descriptor_ui | D012107 |
| mesh[5].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[5].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[5].descriptor_name | Research Design |
| mesh[6].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[6].descriptor_ui | D006801 |
| mesh[6].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[6].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[6].descriptor_name | Humans |
| mesh[7].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[7].descriptor_ui | D000098584 |
| mesh[7].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[7].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[7].descriptor_name | Scoping Review as Topic |
| mesh[8].qualifier_ui | Q000379 |
| mesh[8].descriptor_ui | D000073278 |
| mesh[8].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[8].qualifier_name | methods |
| mesh[8].descriptor_name | Self-Management |
| mesh[9].qualifier_ui | Q000628 |
| mesh[9].descriptor_ui | D002908 |
| mesh[9].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[9].qualifier_name | therapy |
| mesh[9].descriptor_name | Chronic Disease |
| mesh[10].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[10].descriptor_ui | D000328 |
| mesh[10].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[10].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[10].descriptor_name | Adult |
| mesh[11].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[11].descriptor_ui | D012107 |
| mesh[11].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[11].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[11].descriptor_name | Research Design |
| mesh[12].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[12].descriptor_ui | D006801 |
| mesh[12].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[12].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[12].descriptor_name | Humans |
| mesh[13].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[13].descriptor_ui | D000098584 |
| mesh[13].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[13].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[13].descriptor_name | Scoping Review as Topic |
| mesh[14].qualifier_ui | Q000379 |
| mesh[14].descriptor_ui | D000073278 |
| mesh[14].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[14].qualifier_name | methods |
| mesh[14].descriptor_name | Self-Management |
| mesh[15].qualifier_ui | Q000628 |
| mesh[15].descriptor_ui | D002908 |
| mesh[15].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[15].qualifier_name | therapy |
| mesh[15].descriptor_name | Chronic Disease |
| mesh[16].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[16].descriptor_ui | D000328 |
| mesh[16].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[16].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[16].descriptor_name | Adult |
| mesh[17].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[17].descriptor_ui | D012107 |
| mesh[17].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[17].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[17].descriptor_name | Research Design |
| type | review |
| title | Equity of digital self-management tools in adults with multiple long-term conditions: a scoping review protocol |
| biblio.issue | 11 |
| biblio.volume | 15 |
| biblio.last_page | e108435 |
| biblio.first_page | e108435 |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 1500 |
| apc_list.currency | GBP |
| apc_list.value_usd | 1839 |
| apc_paid.value | 1500 |
| apc_paid.currency | GBP |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 1839 |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2025-108435 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S79054089 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 2044-6055 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 2044-6055 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | BMJ Open |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310319945 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | BMJ |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310319945 |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/bmjopen/15/11/e108435.full.pdf |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | BMJ Open |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2025-108435 |
| locations[1].id | pmid:41213690 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306525036 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | PubMed |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | True |
| locations[1].is_published | True |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | BMJ open |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41213690 |
| locations[2].id | pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b72fdedbcc894b12a27e3d8814ea4cdc |
| locations[2].is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401280 |
| locations[2].source.issn | |
| locations[2].source.type | repository |
| locations[2].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.issn_l | |
| locations[2].source.is_core | False |
| locations[2].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[2].source.display_name | DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
| locations[2].source.host_organization | |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_lineage | |
| locations[2].license | |
| locations[2].pdf_url | |
| locations[2].version | acceptedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | article |
| locations[2].license_id | |
| locations[2].is_accepted | True |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | BMJ Open, Vol 15, Iss 11 (2025) |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | https://doaj.org/article/b72fdedbcc894b12a27e3d8814ea4cdc |
| locations[3].id | pmh:oai:europepmc.org:11409280 |
| locations[3].is_oa | True |
| locations[3].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400806 |
| locations[3].source.issn | |
| locations[3].source.type | repository |
| locations[3].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[3].source.issn_l | |
| locations[3].source.is_core | False |
| locations[3].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[3].source.display_name | Europe PMC (PubMed Central) |
| locations[3].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1303153112 |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_name | European Bioinformatics Institute |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1303153112 |
| locations[3].license | other-oa |
| locations[3].pdf_url | |
| locations[3].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[3].raw_type | Text |
| locations[3].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa |
| locations[3].is_accepted | False |
| locations[3].is_published | False |
| locations[3].raw_source_name | |
| locations[3].landing_page_url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12598953 |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj, pubmed |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5018808592 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0148-0766 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Heather Walker |
| authorships[0].countries | GB |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I7882870 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I7882870 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00vtgdb53 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I7882870 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | GB |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | University of Glasgow |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Heather Walker |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5065168612 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5230-8205 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Tim Robbins |
| authorships[1].countries | GB |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I2802705189 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I2802705189 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/025n38288 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I2802705189 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | GB |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Timothy Robbins |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5034393176 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8772-4938 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Austen El‐Osta |
| authorships[2].countries | GB |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I47508984 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Self-Care Academic Research Unit (SCARU), Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I47508984 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/041kmwe10 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I47508984 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | GB |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Imperial College London |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Austen El-Osta |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Self-Care Academic Research Unit (SCARU), Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5043380484 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5678-4583 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Lucy Stirland |
| authorships[3].countries | GB |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I98677209 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I98677209 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01nrxwf90 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I98677209 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | GB |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | University of Edinburgh |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Lucy Stirland |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5107657582 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0679-1467 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | David G. Taylor |
| authorships[4].countries | GB |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I47508984 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Institute of Security Science and Technology, Imperial College London, London, England, UK |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I47508984 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/041kmwe10 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I47508984 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | GB |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | Imperial College London |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | David Taylor |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | Institute of Security Science and Technology, Imperial College London, London, England, UK |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5011636042 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3130-9313 |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | Andy Jones |
| authorships[5].countries | GB |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I20581793 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Centre for Health Services Studies, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I20581793 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00xkeyj56 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I20581793 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code | GB |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name | University of Kent |
| authorships[5].author_position | middle |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | Andy Jones |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings | Centre for Health Services Studies, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK |
| authorships[6].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5037164866 |
| authorships[6].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9926-429X |
| authorships[6].author.display_name | Emily McBride |
| authorships[6].countries | GB |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I183935753 |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, King's College London, London, England, UK |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I183935753 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/0220mzb33 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I124357947, https://openalex.org/I183935753 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].country_code | GB |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].display_name | King's College London |
| authorships[6].author_position | middle |
| authorships[6].raw_author_name | Emily McBride |
| authorships[6].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[6].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, King's College London, London, England, UK |
| authorships[7].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5043595722 |
| authorships[7].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-4255 |
| authorships[7].author.display_name | Asra Aslam |
| authorships[7].countries | GB |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I91136226 |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Information, Journalism and Communication, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England, UK |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I91136226 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05krs5044 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I91136226 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].country_code | GB |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].display_name | University of Sheffield |
| authorships[7].author_position | last |
| authorships[7].raw_author_name | Asra Aslam |
| authorships[7].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[7].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Information, Journalism and Communication, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England, UK |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | False |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/bmjopen/15/11/e108435.full.pdf |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-11-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Equity of digital self-management tools in adults with multiple long-term conditions: a scoping review protocol |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-28T10:25:20.666334 |
| primary_topic | |
| cited_by_count | 0 |
| locations_count | 4 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2025-108435 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S79054089 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 2044-6055 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 2044-6055 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | BMJ Open |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310319945 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | BMJ |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310319945 |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/bmjopen/15/11/e108435.full.pdf |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | BMJ Open |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2025-108435 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2025-108435 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S79054089 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 2044-6055 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 2044-6055 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | BMJ Open |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310319945 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | BMJ |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310319945 |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/bmjopen/15/11/e108435.full.pdf |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | BMJ Open |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2025-108435 |
| publication_date | 2025-11-01 |
| publication_year | 2025 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W2127960841, https://openalex.org/W2020494695, https://openalex.org/W2989995880, https://openalex.org/W4386891225, https://openalex.org/W2609520421, https://openalex.org/W3205387286, https://openalex.org/W4388783883, https://openalex.org/W3092645363, https://openalex.org/W1981119137, https://openalex.org/W2901669506, https://openalex.org/W4410529774, https://openalex.org/W2075950485, https://openalex.org/W2105321265, https://openalex.org/W2891378911, https://openalex.org/W4399757216, https://openalex.org/W4292202284, https://openalex.org/W4237819659 |
| referenced_works_count | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 65, 181, 263 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 245 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.be | 88, 106, 139, 176, 242 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 62, 75, 108, 165, 196, 201, 244, 282 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 49, 73, 228 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 11, 45, 71, 194, 237, 262 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 57, 68, 90, 127, 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.or | 13, 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 36, 50, 167, 257 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 43, 235 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Two | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aim | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 22, 40, 52, 79, 82, 99, 101, 104, 117, 131, 147, 155, 220, 224, 260, 272, 275, 280 |
| abstract_inverted_index.any | 202 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 209 |
| abstract_inverted_index.but | 31, 208 |
| abstract_inverted_index.due | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 96, 114, 120, 191, 231, 250 |
| abstract_inverted_index.how | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.key | 268 |
| abstract_inverted_index.map | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.may | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.not | 210, 229 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 9, 37, 54, 91, 171, 192, 238, 285 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to, | 212 |
| abstract_inverted_index.two | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.MLTC | 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.also | 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.been | 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.face | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.full | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.have | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.meet | 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.more | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.old) | 200 |
| abstract_inverted_index.open | 246 |
| abstract_inverted_index.same | 286 |
| abstract_inverted_index.text | 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.they | 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 46, 232 |
| abstract_inverted_index.used | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.will | 87, 105, 138, 151, 175, 186, 206, 241, 255 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 3, 64, 110, 157, 180, 267 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Items | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.MLTC, | 63, 283 |
| abstract_inverted_index.area. | 288 |
| abstract_inverted_index.based | 89, 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.being | 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.care. | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.event | 266 |
| abstract_inverted_index.focus | 67, 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.offer | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.other | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.terms | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.their | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.third | 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tools | 26, 60, 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.topic | 258 |
| abstract_inverted_index.using | 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.wider | 251 |
| abstract_inverted_index.years | 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(≥18 | 198 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Adults | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Arskey | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Briggs | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.CINAHL | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Equity | 204 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Ethics | 223 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Joanna | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Review | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.access | 72, 221 |
| abstract_inverted_index.adults | 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.around | 284 |
| abstract_inverted_index.divide | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ensure | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.equity | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.guides | 259 |
| abstract_inverted_index.health | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.living | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mental | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.public | 273 |
| abstract_inverted_index.review | 48, 85, 161, 240 |
| abstract_inverted_index.screen | 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.search | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.titles | 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Digital | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Embase, | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Emcare, | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Ethical | 226 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Methods | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.PubMed. | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Scoping | 84, 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Scopus, | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.access, | 247 |
| abstract_inverted_index.burden, | 216 |
| abstract_inverted_index.complex | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.digital | 38, 58, 189, 213 |
| abstract_inverted_index.journal | 249 |
| abstract_inverted_index.limited | 211 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mapping | 261 |
| abstract_inverted_index.patient | 271 |
| abstract_inverted_index.results | 236 |
| abstract_inverted_index.review. | 234 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reviews | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.scoping | 47, 97, 233, 239 |
| abstract_inverted_index.status, | 218 |
| abstract_inverted_index.studies | 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.subject | 287 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Included | 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.MEDLINE, | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Reviews. | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analysis | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.approval | 227 |
| abstract_inverted_index.existing | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.factors. | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.findings | 254 |
| abstract_inverted_index.guidance | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.include, | 207 |
| abstract_inverted_index.members, | 277 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multiple | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.physical | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.presence | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reported | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.required | 230 |
| abstract_inverted_index.research | 264 |
| abstract_inverted_index.resolved | 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.scalable | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.setting. | 203 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tools’ | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Institute | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Preferred | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Reporting | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.alignment | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.criteria. | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.duplicate | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.extension | 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.framework | 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.industry) | 281 |
| abstract_inverted_index.literacy, | 214 |
| abstract_inverted_index.long-term | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.performed | 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.published | 243 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reviewer. | 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reviewers | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.solutions | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.summarise | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.treatment | 215 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(including | 270 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Systematic | 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.abstracts, | 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conditions | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.considered | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.contribute | 256 |
| abstract_inverted_index.developed. | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dimensions | 205 |
| abstract_inverted_index.discussion | 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.engagement | 276 |
| abstract_inverted_index.exacerbate | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fragmented | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.identified | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.inequities | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.literature | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.networking | 265 |
| abstract_inverted_index.particular | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.subsequent | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.‘digital | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.clinicians, | 278 |
| abstract_inverted_index.eligibility | 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evaluation. | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.involvement | 274 |
| abstract_inverted_index.methodology | 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.researchers | 279 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Introduction | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.development, | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.disparities. | 222 |
| abstract_inverted_index.polypharmacy | 219 |
| abstract_inverted_index.publications | 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stakeholders | 269 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Additionally, | 253 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Comprehensive | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Discrepancies | 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Meta-Analyses | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Peer-reviewed | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dissemination | 225 |
| abstract_inverted_index.independently | 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.peer-reviewed | 248 |
| abstract_inverted_index.socioeconomic | 217 |
| abstract_inverted_index.O’Malley’s | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dissemination. | 252 |
| abstract_inverted_index.implementation | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.self-management | 29, 59, 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(MLTC)—defined | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conditions—often | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.‘multimorbidity’, | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.‘self-management’ | 132 |
| cited_by_percentile_year | |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5018808592 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 8 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I7882870 |
| citation_normalized_percentile |