Essential Oils Enriched Dant-Kanti-Gandush (Oil-pulling) Inhibits Inter-kingdom Biofilm Formation on Orthodontic Fixtures and Ameliorates Cariogenic Virulence Factors of Oral Pathogens Article Swipe
Acharya Balkrishna
,
Harshita Jonwal
,
Nem Kumar Ngpoore
,
Yash Varshney
,
Meenu Tomer
,
Monali Joshi
,
Kuldeep Singh
,
Pardeep Nain
,
Savita Lochab
,
Anurag Varshney
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6928179/v1
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6928179/v1
Orthodontic fixtures provide a conducive niche for microbial colonization and inter-kingdom biofilm formation, exacerbating oral hygiene challenges. Conventional mouthwashes, though effective, are associated with adverse effects and potential antimicrobial resistance. Oil pulling is an Indian traditional method of oral detoxification. This study evaluates a blend of six essential oils (referred to as DKG) from Syzygium aromaticum, Mentha piperita, Eucalyptus globulus, Zanthoxylum armatum, and Ocimum sanctum, mixed with coconut and sesame carrier oils, as a potential oil-pulling formulation. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry confirms the phytochemical composition of DKG. Antimicrobial assays demonstrate MIC₅₀ values of DKG ranging from 0.10% (v/v) to 0.45% (v/v) against Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus mutans, Proteus mirabilis and Candida albicans, respectively. DKG exposure delays the exponential phase and perturbs the growth of these pathogens. The cariogenic traits of S. mutans are impaired at ≥ 1.0× MIC₅₀ DKG, showing reduced biofilm formation, decreased acid production, and lower survival under acidic stress. DKG inhibits C. albicans biofilms at ≥ 1.0× MIC₅₀, prevents yeast-to-hyphae transition, and disrupts cell wall integrity by reducing ergosterol. SEM analysis shows reduced microbial density, fragmented hyphae, and disrupted bacterial aggregation. These findings highlight plant-based DKG, an anticariogenic alternative for maintaining oral health in individuals with orthodontic fixtures.
Related Topics
Concepts
Metadata
- Type
- preprint
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6928179/v1
- https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-6928179/latest.pdf
- OA Status
- gold
- References
- 36
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4411995179
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4411995179Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6928179/v1Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Essential Oils Enriched Dant-Kanti-Gandush (Oil-pulling) Inhibits Inter-kingdom Biofilm Formation on Orthodontic Fixtures and Ameliorates Cariogenic Virulence Factors of Oral PathogensWork title
- Type
-
preprintOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2025Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2025-07-04Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Acharya Balkrishna, Harshita Jonwal, Nem Kumar Ngpoore, Yash Varshney, Meenu Tomer, Monali Joshi, Kuldeep Singh, Pardeep Nain, Savita Lochab, Anurag VarshneyList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6928179/v1Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-6928179/latest.pdfDirect link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-6928179/latest.pdfDirect OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Biofilm, Virulence, Microbiology, Food science, Chemistry, Biology, Bacteria, Biochemistry, Gene, GeneticsTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
0Total citation count in OpenAlex
- References (count)
-
36Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4411995179 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6928179/v1 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6928179/v1 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4411995179 |
| fwci | 0.0 |
| type | preprint |
| title | Essential Oils Enriched Dant-Kanti-Gandush (Oil-pulling) Inhibits Inter-kingdom Biofilm Formation on Orthodontic Fixtures and Ameliorates Cariogenic Virulence Factors of Oral Pathogens |
| biblio.issue | |
| biblio.volume | |
| biblio.last_page | |
| biblio.first_page | |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10257 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/35 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Dentistry |
| topics[0].score | 1.0 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/3506 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Periodontics |
| topics[0].display_name | Oral microbiology and periodontitis research |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T11452 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/35 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Dentistry |
| topics[1].score | 0.9958999752998352 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/3506 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Periodontics |
| topics[1].display_name | Oral Health Pathology and Treatment |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T10984 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Medicine |
| topics[2].score | 0.9922999739646912 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2733 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Otorhinolaryngology |
| topics[2].display_name | Sinusitis and nasal conditions |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list | |
| apc_paid | |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C58123911 |
| concepts[0].level | 3 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.8771898746490479 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q467410 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Biofilm |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C60987743 |
| concepts[1].level | 3 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.7603363990783691 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1460232 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Virulence |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C89423630 |
| concepts[2].level | 1 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.5211101174354553 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Microbiology |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C31903555 |
| concepts[3].level | 1 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.49962401390075684 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Food science |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C185592680 |
| concepts[4].level | 0 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.46523135900497437 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Chemistry |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C86803240 |
| concepts[5].level | 0 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.3553324043750763 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Biology |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C523546767 |
| concepts[6].level | 2 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.2948209345340729 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Bacteria |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C55493867 |
| concepts[7].level | 1 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.16005733609199524 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Biochemistry |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C104317684 |
| concepts[8].level | 2 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.15315887331962585 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Gene |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C54355233 |
| concepts[9].level | 1 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Genetics |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/biofilm |
| keywords[0].score | 0.8771898746490479 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Biofilm |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/virulence |
| keywords[1].score | 0.7603363990783691 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Virulence |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/microbiology |
| keywords[2].score | 0.5211101174354553 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Microbiology |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/food-science |
| keywords[3].score | 0.49962401390075684 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Food science |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry |
| keywords[4].score | 0.46523135900497437 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Chemistry |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/biology |
| keywords[5].score | 0.3553324043750763 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Biology |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/bacteria |
| keywords[6].score | 0.2948209345340729 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Bacteria |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/biochemistry |
| keywords[7].score | 0.16005733609199524 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Biochemistry |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/gene |
| keywords[8].score | 0.15315887331962585 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Gene |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-6928179/v1 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source | |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-6928179/latest.pdf |
| locations[0].version | acceptedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | posted-content |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | False |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6928179/v1 |
| indexed_in | crossref |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5102846326 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3215-3127 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Acharya Balkrishna |
| authorships[0].countries | IN |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210145585 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Patanjali Research Foundation |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210145585 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04f68cb23 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | other |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210145585 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | IN |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Patanjali Research Foundation |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Acharya Balkrishna |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Patanjali Research Foundation |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5067717544 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Harshita Jonwal |
| authorships[1].countries | IN |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210145585 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Patanjali Research Foundation |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210145585 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04f68cb23 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | other |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210145585 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | IN |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Patanjali Research Foundation |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Harshita Jonwal |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Patanjali Research Foundation |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5039398618 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Nem Kumar Ngpoore |
| authorships[2].countries | IN |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210145585 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Patanjali Research Foundation |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210145585 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04f68cb23 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | other |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210145585 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | IN |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Patanjali Research Foundation |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Nem Kumar Ngpoore |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Patanjali Research Foundation |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5000419618 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Yash Varshney |
| authorships[3].countries | IN |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210145585 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Patanjali Research Foundation |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210145585 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04f68cb23 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | other |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210145585 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | IN |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | Patanjali Research Foundation |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Yash Varshney |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Patanjali Research Foundation |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5026454592 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Meenu Tomer |
| authorships[4].countries | IN |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210145585 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Patanjali Research Foundation |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210145585 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04f68cb23 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | other |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210145585 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | IN |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | Patanjali Research Foundation |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Meenu Tomer |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | Patanjali Research Foundation |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5039395986 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | Monali Joshi |
| authorships[5].countries | IN |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210145585 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Patanjali Research Foundation |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210145585 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04f68cb23 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].type | other |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210145585 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code | IN |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name | Patanjali Research Foundation |
| authorships[5].author_position | middle |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | Monali Joshi |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings | Patanjali Research Foundation |
| authorships[6].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5034241615 |
| authorships[6].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7999-1585 |
| authorships[6].author.display_name | Kuldeep Singh |
| authorships[6].countries | NP |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I2801573932 |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Patanjali Ayurved Hospital |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I2801573932 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02vhxx141 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I2801573932 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].country_code | NP |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].display_name | Patan Hospital |
| authorships[6].author_position | middle |
| authorships[6].raw_author_name | Kuldeep Singh |
| authorships[6].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[6].raw_affiliation_strings | Patanjali Ayurved Hospital |
| authorships[7].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5061335634 |
| authorships[7].author.orcid | |
| authorships[7].author.display_name | Pardeep Nain |
| authorships[7].countries | IN |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210145585 |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Patanjali Research Foundation |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210145585 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04f68cb23 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].type | other |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210145585 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].country_code | IN |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].display_name | Patanjali Research Foundation |
| authorships[7].author_position | middle |
| authorships[7].raw_author_name | Pardeep Nain |
| authorships[7].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[7].raw_affiliation_strings | Patanjali Research Foundation |
| authorships[8].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5086938426 |
| authorships[8].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8153-7867 |
| authorships[8].author.display_name | Savita Lochab |
| authorships[8].countries | IN |
| authorships[8].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210145585 |
| authorships[8].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Patanjali Research Foundation |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210145585 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04f68cb23 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].type | other |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210145585 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].country_code | IN |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].display_name | Patanjali Research Foundation |
| authorships[8].author_position | middle |
| authorships[8].raw_author_name | Savita Lochab |
| authorships[8].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[8].raw_affiliation_strings | Patanjali Research Foundation |
| authorships[9].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5051628387 |
| authorships[9].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8509-0882 |
| authorships[9].author.display_name | Anurag Varshney |
| authorships[9].countries | IN |
| authorships[9].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210145585 |
| authorships[9].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Patanjali Research Foundation |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210145585 |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04f68cb23 |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].type | other |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210145585 |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].country_code | IN |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].display_name | Patanjali Research Foundation |
| authorships[9].author_position | last |
| authorships[9].raw_author_name | Anurag Varshney |
| authorships[9].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[9].raw_affiliation_strings | Patanjali Research Foundation |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-6928179/latest.pdf |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Essential Oils Enriched Dant-Kanti-Gandush (Oil-pulling) Inhibits Inter-kingdom Biofilm Formation on Orthodontic Fixtures and Ameliorates Cariogenic Virulence Factors of Oral Pathogens |
| has_fulltext | True |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10257 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/35 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Dentistry |
| primary_topic.score | 1.0 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/3506 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Periodontics |
| primary_topic.display_name | Oral microbiology and periodontitis research |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W4396580402, https://openalex.org/W2896567050, https://openalex.org/W1641596209, https://openalex.org/W2091185511, https://openalex.org/W3131527100, https://openalex.org/W2336024593, https://openalex.org/W4388202013, https://openalex.org/W2911275491, https://openalex.org/W4410831954, https://openalex.org/W3133938346 |
| cited_by_count | 0 |
| locations_count | 1 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-6928179/v1 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source | |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-6928179/latest.pdf |
| best_oa_location.version | acceptedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | posted-content |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | False |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6928179/v1 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-6928179/v1 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source | |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-6928179/latest.pdf |
| primary_location.version | acceptedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | posted-content |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | False |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6928179/v1 |
| publication_date | 2025-07-04 |
| publication_year | 2025 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W2956655325, https://openalex.org/W2095566926, https://openalex.org/W4405125273, https://openalex.org/W3131527100, https://openalex.org/W2756954786, https://openalex.org/W4376278989, https://openalex.org/W1956405455, https://openalex.org/W2295676242, https://openalex.org/W2412166435, https://openalex.org/W3143045550, https://openalex.org/W4402423847, https://openalex.org/W4381234630, https://openalex.org/W2992154574, https://openalex.org/W4405375159, https://openalex.org/W2011444187, https://openalex.org/W2794138542, https://openalex.org/W4229010832, https://openalex.org/W2972750856, https://openalex.org/W2155112592, https://openalex.org/W2973870124, https://openalex.org/W4283011336, https://openalex.org/W4404633194, https://openalex.org/W4400840692, https://openalex.org/W4384826655, https://openalex.org/W4406226666, https://openalex.org/W4391308039, https://openalex.org/W3003497076, https://openalex.org/W4406154103, https://openalex.org/W2910428070, https://openalex.org/W2131041202, https://openalex.org/W2415937369, https://openalex.org/W3096062053, https://openalex.org/W3169708735, https://openalex.org/W2948551030, https://openalex.org/W2910730454, https://openalex.org/W2548795614 |
| referenced_works_count | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 4, 44, 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 34, 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 52, 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.at | 133, 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 38, 46, 85, 92, 122, 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 51, 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.DKG | 93, 112, 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Gas | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Oil | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.SEM | 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 10, 27, 63, 69, 108, 118, 145, 163, 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 22, 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 7, 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.six | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 82, 115, 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.≥ | 134, 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.DKG) | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.DKG, | 137, 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.DKG. | 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.acid | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cell | 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 54, 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.oils | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.oral | 15, 39, 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.wall | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 24, 67, 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(v/v) | 97, 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.10% | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.45% | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1.0× | 135, 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.These | 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.blend | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lower | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mixed | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.niche | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.oils, | 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.phase | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.shows | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.these | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.under | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Indian | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Mentha | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.acidic | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.assays | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.delays | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.growth | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.health | 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.method | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sesame | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.though | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.traits | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.values | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Proteus | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.adverse | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.against | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.biofilm | 12, 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.carrier | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.coconut | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effects | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hygiene | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hyphae, | 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mutans, | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.provide | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pulling | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ranging | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reduced | 139, 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.showing | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stress. | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analysis | 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.biofilms | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.confirms | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.density, | 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.disrupts | 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.exposure | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.findings | 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fixtures | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.impaired | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.inhibits | 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.perturbs | 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.prevents | 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reducing | 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.survival | 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(referred | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.MIC₅₀ | 90, 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.bacterial | 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conducive | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.decreased | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.disrupted | 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.essential | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evaluates | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fixtures. | 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.globulus, | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.highlight | 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.integrity | 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.microbial | 8, 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.piperita, | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.potential | 28, 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pyogenes, | 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.<italic>C. | 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.<italic>S. | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Eucalyptus | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.MIC₅₀, | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.associated | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cariogenic | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effective, | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.formation, | 13, 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fragmented | 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pathogens. | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Orthodontic | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Zanthoxylum | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.alternative | 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aromaticum, | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.challenges. | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.composition | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.demonstrate | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ergosterol. | 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.exponential | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.individuals | 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.maintaining | 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.oil-pulling | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.orthodontic | 198 |
| abstract_inverted_index.plant-based | 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.production, | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.resistance. | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.traditional | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.transition, | 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Conventional | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aggregation. | 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.colonization | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.exacerbating | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.formulation. | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mouthwashes, | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.spectrometry | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Antimicrobial | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Streptococcus | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.antimicrobial | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.inter-kingdom | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.phytochemical | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.respectively. | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.<italic>Ocimum | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.anticariogenic | 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.<italic>Candida | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.detoxification. | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mutans</italic> | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.yeast-to-hyphae | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.<italic>Syzygium | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.albicans</italic> | 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.armatum</italic>, | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sanctum</italic>, | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.albicans</italic>, | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mirabilis</italic> | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.<italic>Streptococcus | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.chromatography–mass | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.<title>Abstract</title> | 0 |
| cited_by_percentile_year | |
| countries_distinct_count | 2 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 10 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.33113093 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |