Estimating Firm-, Occupation-, and Job-Level Gender Pay Gaps with U.S. Linked Employer-Employee Population Data, 2005 to 2015 Article Swipe
YOU?
·
· 2023
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/23780231231157678
Merging 2005 to 2015 Internal Revenue Service, Social Security, and Census records, the authors calculate national average gender pay gaps for various population definitions and then decompose trends in the contribution of firm, occupation, and job segregation to these pay gaps, as well as the size of the average residual “within-job” pay gap. In general, observed segregation tends to explain about half of age, education, and hours of work adjusted gender pay gaps, but the other half remains within occupations in the same firm. Although between-firm pay gaps rose and within-job pay gaps declined through 2009, the authors find little decline in firm- or job-level gender pay gaps after 2009. The results indicate that to reduce gender pay gaps, public policy and employers should target gender disparities in hiring and job assignment as well as potential disparities in pay setting.
Related Topics
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1177/23780231231157678
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 6
- References
- 44
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4360914783
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4360914783Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1177/23780231231157678Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Estimating Firm-, Occupation-, and Job-Level Gender Pay Gaps with U.S. Linked Employer-Employee Population Data, 2005 to 2015Work title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2023Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2023-01-01Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Joseph J. King, Matthew L. Mendoza, Andrew M. Penner, Anthony Rainey, Donald Tomaskovic‐DeveyList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1177/23780231231157678Publisher landing page
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://doi.org/10.1177/23780231231157678Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Gender pay gap, Census, Demographic economics, Job security, Internal revenue, Social security, Salary, Labour economics, Business, Population, Current Population Survey, Work (physics), Economics, Service (business), Wage, Demography, Marketing, Sociology, Engineering, Mechanical engineering, Market economyTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
6Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 3, 2024: 3Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
44Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4360914783 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.1177/23780231231157678 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.1177/23780231231157678 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4360914783 |
| fwci | 3.69092801 |
| type | article |
| title | Estimating Firm-, Occupation-, and Job-Level Gender Pay Gaps with U.S. Linked Employer-Employee Population Data, 2005 to 2015 |
| biblio.issue | |
| biblio.volume | 9 |
| biblio.last_page | |
| biblio.first_page | |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10208 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/20 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Economics, Econometrics and Finance |
| topics[0].score | 0.9980999827384949 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/2 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Social Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2002 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Economics and Econometrics |
| topics[0].display_name | Labor market dynamics and wage inequality |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T11544 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/33 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Social Sciences |
| topics[1].score | 0.9965999722480774 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/2 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Social Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/3318 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Gender Studies |
| topics[1].display_name | Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T11631 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/33 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Social Sciences |
| topics[2].score | 0.994700014591217 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/2 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Social Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/3317 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Demography |
| topics[2].display_name | Retirement, Disability, and Employment |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 700 |
| apc_list.currency | USD |
| apc_list.value_usd | 700 |
| apc_paid.value | 700 |
| apc_paid.currency | USD |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 700 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C2780977596 |
| concepts[0].level | 3 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.8636577725410461 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5531013 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Gender pay gap |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C52130261 |
| concepts[1].level | 3 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.6630174517631531 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39825 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Census |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C4249254 |
| concepts[2].level | 1 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.6241300106048584 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Demographic economics |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C2777581918 |
| concepts[3].level | 3 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.5922242403030396 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q302562 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Job security |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C2993958944 |
| concepts[4].level | 3 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.4887942969799042 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q973587 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Internal revenue |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C2777111884 |
| concepts[5].level | 2 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.4864237308502197 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12002092 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Social security |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C2780090960 |
| concepts[6].level | 2 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.4744190573692322 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194489 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Salary |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C145236788 |
| concepts[7].level | 1 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.460397869348526 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Labour economics |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C144133560 |
| concepts[8].level | 0 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.43257269263267517 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Business |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C2908647359 |
| concepts[9].level | 2 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.43093860149383545 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Population |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C2777766161 |
| concepts[10].level | 3 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.4252833127975464 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5195069 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Current Population Survey |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C18762648 |
| concepts[11].level | 2 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.35614460706710815 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Work (physics) |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C162324750 |
| concepts[12].level | 0 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.32135289907455444 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Economics |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C2780378061 |
| concepts[13].level | 2 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.30857691168785095 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Service (business) |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C2777388388 |
| concepts[14].level | 2 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.2513098418712616 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6821213 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Wage |
| concepts[15].id | https://openalex.org/C149923435 |
| concepts[15].level | 1 |
| concepts[15].score | 0.09423467516899109 |
| concepts[15].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732 |
| concepts[15].display_name | Demography |
| concepts[16].id | https://openalex.org/C162853370 |
| concepts[16].level | 1 |
| concepts[16].score | 0.09183526039123535 |
| concepts[16].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809 |
| concepts[16].display_name | Marketing |
| concepts[17].id | https://openalex.org/C144024400 |
| concepts[17].level | 0 |
| concepts[17].score | 0.07686886191368103 |
| concepts[17].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201 |
| concepts[17].display_name | Sociology |
| concepts[18].id | https://openalex.org/C127413603 |
| concepts[18].level | 0 |
| concepts[18].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[18].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023 |
| concepts[18].display_name | Engineering |
| concepts[19].id | https://openalex.org/C78519656 |
| concepts[19].level | 1 |
| concepts[19].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[19].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333 |
| concepts[19].display_name | Mechanical engineering |
| concepts[20].id | https://openalex.org/C34447519 |
| concepts[20].level | 1 |
| concepts[20].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[20].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522 |
| concepts[20].display_name | Market economy |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-pay-gap |
| keywords[0].score | 0.8636577725410461 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Gender pay gap |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/census |
| keywords[1].score | 0.6630174517631531 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Census |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/demographic-economics |
| keywords[2].score | 0.6241300106048584 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Demographic economics |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/job-security |
| keywords[3].score | 0.5922242403030396 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Job security |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-revenue |
| keywords[4].score | 0.4887942969799042 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Internal revenue |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/social-security |
| keywords[5].score | 0.4864237308502197 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Social security |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/salary |
| keywords[6].score | 0.4744190573692322 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Salary |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/labour-economics |
| keywords[7].score | 0.460397869348526 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Labour economics |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/business |
| keywords[8].score | 0.43257269263267517 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Business |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/population |
| keywords[9].score | 0.43093860149383545 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Population |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/current-population-survey |
| keywords[10].score | 0.4252833127975464 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Current Population Survey |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/work |
| keywords[11].score | 0.35614460706710815 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Work (physics) |
| keywords[12].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/economics |
| keywords[12].score | 0.32135289907455444 |
| keywords[12].display_name | Economics |
| keywords[13].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/service |
| keywords[13].score | 0.30857691168785095 |
| keywords[13].display_name | Service (business) |
| keywords[14].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/wage |
| keywords[14].score | 0.2513098418712616 |
| keywords[14].display_name | Wage |
| keywords[15].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/demography |
| keywords[15].score | 0.09423467516899109 |
| keywords[15].display_name | Demography |
| keywords[16].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing |
| keywords[16].score | 0.09183526039123535 |
| keywords[16].display_name | Marketing |
| keywords[17].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology |
| keywords[17].score | 0.07686886191368103 |
| keywords[17].display_name | Sociology |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.1177/23780231231157678 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210198833 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 2378-0231 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 2378-0231 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Socius Sociological Research for a Dynamic World |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320017 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | SAGE Publishing |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320017 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | SAGE Publishing |
| locations[0].license | cc-by-nc |
| locations[0].pdf_url | |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1177/23780231231157678 |
| locations[1].id | pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:36d8203aa7104529afe4c3bd7f596fab |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401280 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | article |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | False |
| locations[1].is_published | False |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | Socius, Vol 9 (2023) |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://doaj.org/article/36d8203aa7104529afe4c3bd7f596fab |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5044992117 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9201-9408 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Joseph J. King |
| authorships[0].countries | US |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210121988 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Independent Scholar |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210121988 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/036cy3843 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | nonprofit |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210121988 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Film Independent |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Joseph King |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Independent Scholar |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5037816551 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Matthew L. Mendoza |
| authorships[1].countries | US |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I24603500 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I24603500 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/0072zz521 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I24603500 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | University of Massachusetts Amherst |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Matthew Mendoza |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5036982158 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9483-8933 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Andrew M. Penner |
| authorships[2].countries | US |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I204250578 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I204250578 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04gyf1771 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I204250578 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | University of California, Irvine |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Andrew Penner |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5023592510 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9151-6659 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Anthony Rainey |
| authorships[3].countries | US |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I24603500 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I24603500 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/0072zz521 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I24603500 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | University of Massachusetts Amherst |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Anthony Rainey |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5035459259 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3630-1967 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Donald Tomaskovic‐Devey |
| authorships[4].countries | US |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I24603500 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I24603500 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/0072zz521 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I24603500 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | University of Massachusetts Amherst |
| authorships[4].author_position | last |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Donald Tomaskovic-Devey |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA |
| has_content.pdf | False |
| has_content.grobid_xml | False |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://doi.org/10.1177/23780231231157678 |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Estimating Firm-, Occupation-, and Job-Level Gender Pay Gaps with U.S. Linked Employer-Employee Population Data, 2005 to 2015 |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10208 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/20 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Economics, Econometrics and Finance |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9980999827384949 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/2 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Social Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2002 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Economics and Econometrics |
| primary_topic.display_name | Labor market dynamics and wage inequality |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W3046025284, https://openalex.org/W2357626633, https://openalex.org/W2067989117, https://openalex.org/W2273387070, https://openalex.org/W3142686444, https://openalex.org/W3124753991, https://openalex.org/W1982689057, https://openalex.org/W4235939248, https://openalex.org/W4286620655, https://openalex.org/W2521588631 |
| cited_by_count | 6 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 3 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 3 |
| locations_count | 2 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.1177/23780231231157678 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210198833 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 2378-0231 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 2378-0231 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Socius Sociological Research for a Dynamic World |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320017 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | SAGE Publishing |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320017 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | SAGE Publishing |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by-nc |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1177/23780231231157678 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.1177/23780231231157678 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210198833 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 2378-0231 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 2378-0231 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Socius Sociological Research for a Dynamic World |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320017 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | SAGE Publishing |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320017 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | SAGE Publishing |
| primary_location.license | cc-by-nc |
| primary_location.pdf_url | |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1177/23780231231157678 |
| publication_date | 2023-01-01 |
| publication_year | 2023 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W2031679640, https://openalex.org/W2218649055, https://openalex.org/W2030725834, https://openalex.org/W2065747644, https://openalex.org/W3121840975, https://openalex.org/W2606408879, https://openalex.org/W2982120825, https://openalex.org/W3122704454, https://openalex.org/W3123015728, https://openalex.org/W1519655387, https://openalex.org/W1544939727, https://openalex.org/W2128989629, https://openalex.org/W2053560864, https://openalex.org/W2126891159, https://openalex.org/W2048396757, https://openalex.org/W2142761895, https://openalex.org/W3013576572, https://openalex.org/W3153489041, https://openalex.org/W2614244338, https://openalex.org/W2253640752, https://openalex.org/W2063610866, https://openalex.org/W3123304963, https://openalex.org/W2138196745, https://openalex.org/W2152860447, https://openalex.org/W2137732703, https://openalex.org/W4288474163, https://openalex.org/W4318698920, https://openalex.org/W2057058806, https://openalex.org/W2087149586, https://openalex.org/W2146191806, https://openalex.org/W2981351045, https://openalex.org/W2146057620, https://openalex.org/W2291837476, https://openalex.org/W2591699037, https://openalex.org/W3035772765, https://openalex.org/W4254775441, https://openalex.org/W4234527097, https://openalex.org/W2009812105, https://openalex.org/W3016010946, https://openalex.org/W4289262457, https://openalex.org/W4300906720, https://openalex.org/W4243921454, https://openalex.org/W2765888347, https://openalex.org/W4297975088 |
| referenced_works_count | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 41, 43, 132, 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 28, 80, 101, 127, 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 31, 46, 62, 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.or | 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 2, 37, 58, 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 9, 24, 34, 65, 89, 121, 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.but | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.job | 35, 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pay | 18, 39, 51, 71, 86, 91, 106, 117, 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 12, 29, 44, 47, 74, 81, 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2005 | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2015 | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.age, | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.find | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gap. | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gaps | 19, 87, 92, 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.half | 61, 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rose | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.same | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.size | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.then | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.well | 42, 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.work | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2009, | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2009. | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.about | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.after | 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.firm, | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.firm- | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.firm. | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gaps, | 40, 72, 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hours | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.other | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tends | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.these | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Census | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Social | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gender | 17, 70, 105, 116, 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hiring | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.little | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.policy | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.public | 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reduce | 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.should | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.target | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.trends | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.within | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Merging | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Revenue | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.authors | 13, 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.average | 16, 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.decline | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.explain | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.remains | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.results | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.through | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.various | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Although | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Internal | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Service, | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.adjusted | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.declined | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.general, | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.indicate | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.national | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.observed | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.records, | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.residual | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.setting. | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Security, | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.calculate | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.decompose | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.employers | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.job-level | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.potential | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.assignment | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.education, | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.population | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.within-job | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.definitions | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.disparities | 126, 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.occupation, | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.occupations | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.segregation | 36, 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.between-firm | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.contribution | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.“within-job” | 50 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 97 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 96 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5035459259 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 5 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I24603500 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.6100000143051147 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Gender equality |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.92505701 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | True |