Estimation in multi-arm two-stage trials with treatment selection and time-to-event endpoint Article Swipe
Matthias Brückner
,
Andrew Titman
,
Thomas Jaki
·
YOU?
·
· 2017
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.7367
YOU?
·
· 2017
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.7367
We consider estimation of treatment effects in two-stage adaptive multi-arm trials with a common control. The best treatment is selected at interim, and the primary endpoint is modeled via a Cox proportional hazards model. The maximum partial-likelihood estimator of the log hazard ratio of the selected treatment will overestimate the true treatment effect in this case. Several methods for reducing the selection bias have been proposed for normal endpoints, including an iterative method based on the estimated conditional selection biases and a shrinkage approach based on empirical Bayes theory. We adapt these methods to time-to-event data and compare the bias and mean squared error of all methods in an extensive simulation study and apply the proposed methods to reconstructed data from the FOCUS trial. We find that all methods tend to overcorrect the bias, and only the shrinkage methods can reduce the mean squared error. © 2017 The Authors. Statistics in Medicine Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Related Topics
Concepts
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.7367
- OA Status
- hybrid
- Cited By
- 16
- References
- 31
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W2626836172
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W2626836172Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.7367Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Estimation in multi-arm two-stage trials with treatment selection and time-to-event endpointWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2017Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2017-06-13Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Matthias Brückner, Andrew Titman, Thomas JakiList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.7367Publisher landing page
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
hybridOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.7367Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Statistics, Estimator, Bayes' theorem, Event (particle physics), Mean squared error, Computer science, Selection (genetic algorithm), Interim analysis, Mathematics, Econometrics, Bayesian probability, Clinical trial, Artificial intelligence, Medicine, Physics, Quantum mechanics, PathologyTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
16Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 2, 2023: 1, 2022: 4, 2021: 2, 2020: 3Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
31Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W2626836172 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.7367 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.7367 |
| ids.mag | 2626836172 |
| ids.pmid | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28612371 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W2626836172 |
| fwci | 2.2094291 |
| mesh[0].qualifier_ui | Q000706 |
| mesh[0].descriptor_ui | D000075522 |
| mesh[0].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[0].qualifier_name | statistics & numerical data |
| mesh[0].descriptor_name | Adaptive Clinical Trials as Topic |
| mesh[1].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[1].descriptor_ui | D001499 |
| mesh[1].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[1].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[1].descriptor_name | Bayes Theorem |
| mesh[2].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[2].descriptor_ui | D056808 |
| mesh[2].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[2].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[2].descriptor_name | Biostatistics |
| mesh[3].qualifier_ui | Q000706 |
| mesh[3].descriptor_ui | D002986 |
| mesh[3].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[3].qualifier_name | statistics & numerical data |
| mesh[3].descriptor_name | Clinical Trials as Topic |
| mesh[4].qualifier_ui | Q000188 |
| mesh[4].descriptor_ui | D015179 |
| mesh[4].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[4].qualifier_name | drug therapy |
| mesh[4].descriptor_name | Colorectal Neoplasms |
| mesh[5].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[5].descriptor_ui | D003198 |
| mesh[5].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[5].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[5].descriptor_name | Computer Simulation |
| mesh[6].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[6].descriptor_ui | D016001 |
| mesh[6].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[6].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[6].descriptor_name | Confidence Intervals |
| mesh[7].qualifier_ui | Q000706 |
| mesh[7].descriptor_ui | D018849 |
| mesh[7].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[7].qualifier_name | statistics & numerical data |
| mesh[7].descriptor_name | Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic |
| mesh[8].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[8].descriptor_ui | D006801 |
| mesh[8].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[8].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[8].descriptor_name | Humans |
| mesh[9].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[9].descriptor_ui | D053208 |
| mesh[9].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[9].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[9].descriptor_name | Kaplan-Meier Estimate |
| mesh[10].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[10].descriptor_ui | D016013 |
| mesh[10].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[10].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[10].descriptor_name | Likelihood Functions |
| mesh[11].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[11].descriptor_ui | D015983 |
| mesh[11].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[11].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[11].descriptor_name | Selection Bias |
| mesh[12].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[12].descriptor_ui | D013997 |
| mesh[12].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[12].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[12].descriptor_name | Time Factors |
| mesh[13].qualifier_ui | Q000706 |
| mesh[13].descriptor_ui | D000075522 |
| mesh[13].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[13].qualifier_name | statistics & numerical data |
| mesh[13].descriptor_name | Adaptive Clinical Trials as Topic |
| mesh[14].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[14].descriptor_ui | D001499 |
| mesh[14].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[14].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[14].descriptor_name | Bayes Theorem |
| mesh[15].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[15].descriptor_ui | D056808 |
| mesh[15].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[15].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[15].descriptor_name | Biostatistics |
| mesh[16].qualifier_ui | Q000706 |
| mesh[16].descriptor_ui | D002986 |
| mesh[16].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[16].qualifier_name | statistics & numerical data |
| mesh[16].descriptor_name | Clinical Trials as Topic |
| mesh[17].qualifier_ui | Q000188 |
| mesh[17].descriptor_ui | D015179 |
| mesh[17].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[17].qualifier_name | drug therapy |
| mesh[17].descriptor_name | Colorectal Neoplasms |
| mesh[18].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[18].descriptor_ui | D003198 |
| mesh[18].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[18].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[18].descriptor_name | Computer Simulation |
| mesh[19].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[19].descriptor_ui | D016001 |
| mesh[19].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[19].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[19].descriptor_name | Confidence Intervals |
| mesh[20].qualifier_ui | Q000706 |
| mesh[20].descriptor_ui | D018849 |
| mesh[20].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[20].qualifier_name | statistics & numerical data |
| mesh[20].descriptor_name | Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic |
| mesh[21].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[21].descriptor_ui | D006801 |
| mesh[21].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[21].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[21].descriptor_name | Humans |
| mesh[22].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[22].descriptor_ui | D053208 |
| mesh[22].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[22].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[22].descriptor_name | Kaplan-Meier Estimate |
| mesh[23].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[23].descriptor_ui | D016013 |
| mesh[23].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[23].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[23].descriptor_name | Likelihood Functions |
| mesh[24].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[24].descriptor_ui | D015983 |
| mesh[24].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[24].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[24].descriptor_name | Selection Bias |
| mesh[25].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[25].descriptor_ui | D013997 |
| mesh[25].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[25].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[25].descriptor_name | Time Factors |
| mesh[26].qualifier_ui | Q000706 |
| mesh[26].descriptor_ui | D000075522 |
| mesh[26].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[26].qualifier_name | statistics & numerical data |
| mesh[26].descriptor_name | Adaptive Clinical Trials as Topic |
| mesh[27].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[27].descriptor_ui | D001499 |
| mesh[27].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[27].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[27].descriptor_name | Bayes Theorem |
| mesh[28].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[28].descriptor_ui | D056808 |
| mesh[28].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[28].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[28].descriptor_name | Biostatistics |
| mesh[29].qualifier_ui | Q000706 |
| mesh[29].descriptor_ui | D002986 |
| mesh[29].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[29].qualifier_name | statistics & numerical data |
| mesh[29].descriptor_name | Clinical Trials as Topic |
| mesh[30].qualifier_ui | Q000188 |
| mesh[30].descriptor_ui | D015179 |
| mesh[30].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[30].qualifier_name | drug therapy |
| mesh[30].descriptor_name | Colorectal Neoplasms |
| mesh[31].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[31].descriptor_ui | D003198 |
| mesh[31].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[31].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[31].descriptor_name | Computer Simulation |
| mesh[32].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[32].descriptor_ui | D016001 |
| mesh[32].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[32].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[32].descriptor_name | Confidence Intervals |
| mesh[33].qualifier_ui | Q000706 |
| mesh[33].descriptor_ui | D018849 |
| mesh[33].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[33].qualifier_name | statistics & numerical data |
| mesh[33].descriptor_name | Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic |
| mesh[34].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[34].descriptor_ui | D006801 |
| mesh[34].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[34].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[34].descriptor_name | Humans |
| mesh[35].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[35].descriptor_ui | D053208 |
| mesh[35].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[35].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[35].descriptor_name | Kaplan-Meier Estimate |
| mesh[36].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[36].descriptor_ui | D016013 |
| mesh[36].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[36].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[36].descriptor_name | Likelihood Functions |
| mesh[37].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[37].descriptor_ui | D015983 |
| mesh[37].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[37].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[37].descriptor_name | Selection Bias |
| mesh[38].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[38].descriptor_ui | D013997 |
| mesh[38].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[38].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[38].descriptor_name | Time Factors |
| type | article |
| title | Estimation in multi-arm two-stage trials with treatment selection and time-to-event endpoint |
| awards[0].id | https://openalex.org/G1710840309 |
| awards[0].funder_id | https://openalex.org/F4320334626 |
| awards[0].display_name | |
| awards[0].funder_award_id | MR/M005755/1 |
| awards[0].funder_display_name | Medical Research Council |
| biblio.issue | 20 |
| biblio.volume | 36 |
| biblio.last_page | 3153 |
| biblio.first_page | 3137 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T11235 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/26 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Mathematics |
| topics[0].score | 1.0 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2613 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Statistics and Probability |
| topics[0].display_name | Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T10845 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/26 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Mathematics |
| topics[1].score | 0.9987999796867371 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2613 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Statistics and Probability |
| topics[1].display_name | Advanced Causal Inference Techniques |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T10136 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/26 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Mathematics |
| topics[2].score | 0.9965000152587891 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2613 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Statistics and Probability |
| topics[2].display_name | Statistical Methods and Inference |
| funders[0].id | https://openalex.org/F4320319990 |
| funders[0].ror | https://ror.org/0187kwz08 |
| funders[0].display_name | National Institute for Health and Care Research |
| funders[1].id | https://openalex.org/F4320334626 |
| funders[1].ror | https://ror.org/03x94j517 |
| funders[1].display_name | Medical Research Council |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 4940 |
| apc_list.currency | USD |
| apc_list.value_usd | 4940 |
| apc_paid.value | 4940 |
| apc_paid.currency | USD |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 4940 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C105795698 |
| concepts[0].level | 1 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.6189398765563965 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Statistics |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C185429906 |
| concepts[1].level | 2 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.567862868309021 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Estimator |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C207201462 |
| concepts[2].level | 3 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.5214537978172302 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182505 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Bayes' theorem |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C2779662365 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.49402695894241333 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Event (particle physics) |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C139945424 |
| concepts[4].level | 2 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.48804059624671936 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Mean squared error |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C41008148 |
| concepts[5].level | 0 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.4828222692012787 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Computer science |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C81917197 |
| concepts[6].level | 2 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.41975805163383484 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Selection (genetic algorithm) |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C61943457 |
| concepts[7].level | 3 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.413800984621048 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6046661 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Interim analysis |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C33923547 |
| concepts[8].level | 0 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.34560808539390564 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Mathematics |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C149782125 |
| concepts[9].level | 1 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.34353572130203247 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Econometrics |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C107673813 |
| concepts[10].level | 2 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.24520254135131836 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Bayesian probability |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C535046627 |
| concepts[11].level | 2 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.17779207229614258 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Clinical trial |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C154945302 |
| concepts[12].level | 1 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.1641046106815338 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Artificial intelligence |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C71924100 |
| concepts[13].level | 0 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.1338341236114502 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Medicine |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C121332964 |
| concepts[14].level | 0 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Physics |
| concepts[15].id | https://openalex.org/C62520636 |
| concepts[15].level | 1 |
| concepts[15].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[15].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944 |
| concepts[15].display_name | Quantum mechanics |
| concepts[16].id | https://openalex.org/C142724271 |
| concepts[16].level | 1 |
| concepts[16].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[16].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208 |
| concepts[16].display_name | Pathology |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics |
| keywords[0].score | 0.6189398765563965 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Statistics |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator |
| keywords[1].score | 0.567862868309021 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Estimator |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/bayes-theorem |
| keywords[2].score | 0.5214537978172302 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Bayes' theorem |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/event |
| keywords[3].score | 0.49402695894241333 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Event (particle physics) |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error |
| keywords[4].score | 0.48804059624671936 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Mean squared error |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science |
| keywords[5].score | 0.4828222692012787 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Computer science |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/selection |
| keywords[6].score | 0.41975805163383484 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Selection (genetic algorithm) |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/interim-analysis |
| keywords[7].score | 0.413800984621048 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Interim analysis |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics |
| keywords[8].score | 0.34560808539390564 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Mathematics |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics |
| keywords[9].score | 0.34353572130203247 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Econometrics |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability |
| keywords[10].score | 0.24520254135131836 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Bayesian probability |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-trial |
| keywords[11].score | 0.17779207229614258 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Clinical trial |
| keywords[12].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence |
| keywords[12].score | 0.1641046106815338 |
| keywords[12].display_name | Artificial intelligence |
| keywords[13].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine |
| keywords[13].score | 0.1338341236114502 |
| keywords[13].display_name | Medicine |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.1002/sim.7367 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S55189604 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 0277-6715, 1097-0258 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 0277-6715 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Statistics in Medicine |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320595 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Wiley |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320595 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | Wiley |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Statistics in Medicine |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.7367 |
| locations[1].id | pmid:28612371 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306525036 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | PubMed |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | True |
| locations[1].is_published | True |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | Statistics in medicine |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28612371 |
| locations[2].id | pmh:oai:europepmc.org:4527921 |
| locations[2].is_oa | True |
| locations[2].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400806 |
| locations[2].source.issn | |
| locations[2].source.type | repository |
| locations[2].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.issn_l | |
| locations[2].source.is_core | False |
| locations[2].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[2].source.display_name | Europe PMC (PubMed Central) |
| locations[2].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1303153112 |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_name | European Bioinformatics Institute |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1303153112 |
| locations[2].license | other-oa |
| locations[2].pdf_url | |
| locations[2].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | Text |
| locations[2].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa |
| locations[2].is_accepted | False |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5575545 |
| indexed_in | crossref, pubmed |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5087622439 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6103-9895 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Matthias Brückner |
| authorships[0].countries | GB |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I67415387 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YF U.K. |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I67415387 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04f2nsd36 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I67415387 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | GB |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Lancaster University |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Matthias Brückner |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YF U.K. |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5066067194 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2084-0720 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Andrew Titman |
| authorships[1].countries | GB |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I67415387 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YF U.K. |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I67415387 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04f2nsd36 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I67415387 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | GB |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Lancaster University |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Andrew Titman |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YF U.K. |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5053252382 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1096-188X |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Thomas Jaki |
| authorships[2].countries | GB |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I67415387 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YF U.K. |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I67415387 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04f2nsd36 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I67415387 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | GB |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Lancaster University |
| authorships[2].author_position | last |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Thomas Jaki |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YF U.K. |
| has_content.pdf | False |
| has_content.grobid_xml | False |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.7367 |
| open_access.oa_status | hybrid |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Estimation in multi-arm two-stage trials with treatment selection and time-to-event endpoint |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T11235 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/26 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Mathematics |
| primary_topic.score | 1.0 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2613 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Statistics and Probability |
| primary_topic.display_name | Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W4287880334, https://openalex.org/W4366700029, https://openalex.org/W4285230481, https://openalex.org/W4385769873, https://openalex.org/W4396824790, https://openalex.org/W4281634296, https://openalex.org/W3125536267, https://openalex.org/W2274645452, https://openalex.org/W1999706086, https://openalex.org/W2521753262 |
| cited_by_count | 16 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 2 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2023 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 1 |
| counts_by_year[2].year | 2022 |
| counts_by_year[2].cited_by_count | 4 |
| counts_by_year[3].year | 2021 |
| counts_by_year[3].cited_by_count | 2 |
| counts_by_year[4].year | 2020 |
| counts_by_year[4].cited_by_count | 3 |
| counts_by_year[5].year | 2018 |
| counts_by_year[5].cited_by_count | 3 |
| counts_by_year[6].year | 2017 |
| counts_by_year[6].cited_by_count | 1 |
| locations_count | 3 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.1002/sim.7367 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S55189604 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 0277-6715, 1097-0258 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | False |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 0277-6715 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Statistics in Medicine |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320595 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Wiley |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320595 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Wiley |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Statistics in Medicine |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.7367 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.1002/sim.7367 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S55189604 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 0277-6715, 1097-0258 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | False |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 0277-6715 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Statistics in Medicine |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320595 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Wiley |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320595 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Wiley |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Statistics in Medicine |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.7367 |
| publication_date | 2017-06-13 |
| publication_year | 2017 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W2092580518, https://openalex.org/W2003612218, https://openalex.org/W2074801739, https://openalex.org/W2162697526, https://openalex.org/W2110443067, https://openalex.org/W2106024235, https://openalex.org/W2030526274, https://openalex.org/W2006414073, https://openalex.org/W2111525602, https://openalex.org/W2118612714, https://openalex.org/W2147974822, https://openalex.org/W2214621962, https://openalex.org/W2102601598, https://openalex.org/W2136153656, https://openalex.org/W2066829708, https://openalex.org/W1964872804, https://openalex.org/W2031199637, https://openalex.org/W6704655917, https://openalex.org/W2064912673, https://openalex.org/W2341870864, https://openalex.org/W2069754508, https://openalex.org/W1595208032, https://openalex.org/W2153471197, https://openalex.org/W1983607152, https://openalex.org/W1586283587, https://openalex.org/W2027388462, https://openalex.org/W1982967337, https://openalex.org/W2003942385, https://openalex.org/W2028331288, https://openalex.org/W2343897894, https://openalex.org/W2626836172 |
| referenced_works_count | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.& | 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 12, 29, 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.We | 0, 89, 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 70, 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.at | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 6, 53, 107, 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 18, 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 3, 38, 43, 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 74, 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 93, 117, 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.© | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Cox | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 15, 34, 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.all | 105, 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 22, 80, 96, 100, 112, 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.can | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 58, 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.log | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 23, 39, 44, 49, 60, 75, 98, 114, 121, 132, 136, 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.via | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2017 | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.John | 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Ltd. | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Sons | 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.been | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.best | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.bias | 62, 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.data | 95, 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.find | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.have | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mean | 101, 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.only | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tend | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.true | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.will | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Bayes | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.FOCUS | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Wiley | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.adapt | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.apply | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.based | 73, 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.bias, | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.case. | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.error | 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ratio | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.these | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.biases | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.common | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effect | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.error. | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hazard | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.method | 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.model. | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.normal | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reduce | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.trial. | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.trials | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Several | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compare | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effects | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hazards | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.maximum | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.methods | 57, 92, 106, 116, 128, 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.modeled | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.primary | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.squared | 102, 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.theory. | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Authors. | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Medicine | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.adaptive | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.approach | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.consider | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.control. | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.endpoint | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interim, | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proposed | 65, 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reducing | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.selected | 19, 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Published | 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.empirical | 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.estimated | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.estimator | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.extensive | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.including | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.iterative | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multi-arm | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.selection | 61, 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.shrinkage | 82, 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.treatment | 4, 17, 46, 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.two-stage | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Statistics | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.endpoints, | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.estimation | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.simulation | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conditional | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.overcorrect | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.overestimate | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proportional | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reconstructed | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.time-to-event | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.partial-likelihood | 36 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 97 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 89 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5087622439 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 3 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I67415387 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.5600000023841858 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Good health and well-being |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.87474689 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | True |