Evaluation of Ground-Source Variable Refrigerant Flow System for U.S. Office Buildings Article Swipe
Byung Chang Kwag
,
Moncef Krarti
·
YOU?
·
· 2018
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su10051621
YOU?
·
· 2018
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su10051621
This paper evaluates the energy performance of ground-source variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems to condition office buildings located in various U.S. climates. Specifically, the performance of the ground-source VRF systems was determined and evaluated against that achieved by conventional space heating and cooling systems, including packaged terminal air-conditioners (PTACs), water-source heat pumps (WSHPs), ground-source heat pumps (GSHPs), and water-source VRF systems. A comparative analysis shows that ground-source VRF systems require significantly lower source energy uses than other heating and cooling systems in all U.S. climates, ranging from 21% to 50% for PTACs, from 36% to 52% for WSHPs, from 22% to 49% for GSHPs, and from 4% to 19% for water-source VRFs. These results indicate that ground-source VRFs can be suitable heating and cooling systems for all U.S. climates when designing high-energy-performance commercial buildings.
Related Topics
Concepts
Air conditioning
Environmental science
Refrigerant
Air source heat pumps
Heat pump
Coefficient of performance
Engineering
Mechanical engineering
Heat exchanger
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/su10051621
- https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/10/5/1621/pdf?version=1526615158
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 4
- References
- 7
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W2804960069
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
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https://openalex.org/W2804960069Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
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https://doi.org/10.3390/su10051621Digital Object Identifier
- Title
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Evaluation of Ground-Source Variable Refrigerant Flow System for U.S. Office BuildingsWork title
- Type
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articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
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enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2018Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2018-05-18Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Byung Chang Kwag, Moncef KrartiList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/su10051621Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/10/5/1621/pdf?version=1526615158Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
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https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/10/5/1621/pdf?version=1526615158Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
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Air conditioning, Environmental science, Refrigerant, Air source heat pumps, Heat pump, Coefficient of performance, Engineering, Mechanical engineering, Heat exchangerTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
4Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2024: 2, 2023: 2Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
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7Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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| abstract_inverted_index.refrigerant | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conventional | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.water-source | 49, 58, 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Specifically, | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ground-source | 7, 27, 53, 66, 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.significantly | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.air-conditioners | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.high-energy-performance | 131 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 96 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 94 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5048908980 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 2 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I188538660 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.6200000047683716 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Climate action |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.05467731 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |