Evaluation of nanopore sequencing for epigenetic epidemiology: a comparison with DNA methylation microarrays Article Swipe
Robert J. Flynn
,
Sam Washer
,
Aaron R. Jeffries
,
Alexandria Andrayas
,
Gemma Shireby
,
Meena Kumari
,
Leonard C. Schalkwyk
,
Jonathan Mill
,
Eilís Hannon
·
YOU?
·
· 2022
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.03.01.482537
YOU?
·
· 2022
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.03.01.482537
Most epigenetic epidemiology to date has utilized microarrays to identify positions in the genome where variation in DNA methylation is associated with environmental exposures or disease. However, these profile less than 3% of DNA methylation sites in the human genome, potentially missing affected loci and preventing the discovery of disrupted biological pathways. Third generation sequencing technologies, including Nanopore sequencing, have the potential to revolutionise the generation of epigenetic data, not only by providing genuine genome-wide coverage but profiling epigenetic modifications direct from native DNA. Here we assess the viability of using Nanopore sequencing for epidemiology by performing a comparison with DNA methylation quantified using the most comprehensive microarray available, the Illumina EPIC array. We implemented a CRISPR-Cas9 targeted sequencing approach in concert with Nanopore sequencing to profile DNA methylation in three genomic regions to attempt to rediscover genomic positions that existing technologies have shown are differentially methylated in tobacco smokers. Using Nanopore sequencing reads, DNA methylation was quantified at 1,779 CpGs across three regions, providing a finer resolution of DNA methylation patterns compared to the EPIC array. The correlation of estimated levels of DNA methylation between platforms was high. Furthermore, we identified 12 CpGs where hypomethylation was significantly associated with smoking status, including 10 within the AHRR gene. In summary, Nanopore sequencing is a valid option for identifying genomic loci where large differences in DNAm are associated with a phenotype and has the potential to advance our understanding of the role differential methylation plays in the aetiology of complex disease.
Related Topics
Concepts
DNA methylation
Epigenetics
Biology
DNA microarray
Nanopore sequencing
Genetics
Computational biology
DNA sequencing
Genomics
Epigenomics
Methylation
Bisulfite sequencing
Illumina Methylation Assay
Genome
Gene
Gene expression
Metadata
- Type
- preprint
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.03.01.482537
- https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2022/05/03/2022.03.01.482537.full.pdf
- OA Status
- green
- Cited By
- 1
- References
- 33
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4220803798
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4220803798Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.03.01.482537Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Evaluation of nanopore sequencing for epigenetic epidemiology: a comparison with DNA methylation microarraysWork title
- Type
-
preprintOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2022Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2022-03-04Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Robert J. Flynn, Sam Washer, Aaron R. Jeffries, Alexandria Andrayas, Gemma Shireby, Meena Kumari, Leonard C. Schalkwyk, Jonathan Mill, Eilís HannonList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.03.01.482537Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2022/05/03/2022.03.01.482537.full.pdfDirect link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
greenOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2022/05/03/2022.03.01.482537.full.pdfDirect OA link when available
- Concepts
-
DNA methylation, Epigenetics, Biology, DNA microarray, Nanopore sequencing, Genetics, Computational biology, DNA sequencing, Genomics, Epigenomics, Methylation, Bisulfite sequencing, Illumina Methylation Assay, Genome, Gene, Gene expressionTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
1Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 1Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
33Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4220803798 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.03.01.482537 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.03.01.482537 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4220803798 |
| fwci | 0.12306916 |
| type | preprint |
| title | Evaluation of nanopore sequencing for epigenetic epidemiology: a comparison with DNA methylation microarrays |
| biblio.issue | |
| biblio.volume | |
| biblio.last_page | |
| biblio.first_page | |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10269 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology |
| topics[0].score | 0.9998999834060669 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/1 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Life Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1312 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Molecular Biology |
| topics[0].display_name | Epigenetics and DNA Methylation |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T11482 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology |
| topics[1].score | 0.9435999989509583 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/1 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Life Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1312 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Molecular Biology |
| topics[1].display_name | RNA modifications and cancer |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T11928 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology |
| topics[2].score | 0.9362000226974487 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/1 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Life Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1311 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Genetics |
| topics[2].display_name | Genetic Syndromes and Imprinting |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list | |
| apc_paid | |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C190727270 |
| concepts[0].level | 4 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.8394919037818909 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q874745 |
| concepts[0].display_name | DNA methylation |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C41091548 |
| concepts[1].level | 3 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.7394404411315918 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26939 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Epigenetics |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C86803240 |
| concepts[2].level | 0 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.6955034732818604 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Biology |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C95371953 |
| concepts[3].level | 4 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.6098824739456177 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q591745 |
| concepts[3].display_name | DNA microarray |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C126513998 |
| concepts[4].level | 4 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.565778374671936 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8973627 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Nanopore sequencing |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C54355233 |
| concepts[5].level | 1 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.5628608465194702 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Genetics |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C70721500 |
| concepts[6].level | 1 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.5275587439537048 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Computational biology |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C51679486 |
| concepts[7].level | 3 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.5201376080513 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380546 |
| concepts[7].display_name | DNA sequencing |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C189206191 |
| concepts[8].level | 4 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.505882203578949 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222046 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Genomics |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C121912465 |
| concepts[9].level | 5 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.47259411215782166 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3589153 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Epigenomics |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C33288867 |
| concepts[10].level | 3 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.46210843324661255 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q518328 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Methylation |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C189235521 |
| concepts[11].level | 5 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.4470521807670593 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4087270 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Bisulfite sequencing |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C136953436 |
| concepts[12].level | 5 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.444887638092041 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6000286 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Illumina Methylation Assay |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C141231307 |
| concepts[13].level | 3 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.3720635175704956 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7020 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Genome |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C104317684 |
| concepts[14].level | 2 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.2858993411064148 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Gene |
| concepts[15].id | https://openalex.org/C150194340 |
| concepts[15].level | 3 |
| concepts[15].score | 0.10391241312026978 |
| concepts[15].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26972 |
| concepts[15].display_name | Gene expression |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/dna-methylation |
| keywords[0].score | 0.8394919037818909 |
| keywords[0].display_name | DNA methylation |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/epigenetics |
| keywords[1].score | 0.7394404411315918 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Epigenetics |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/biology |
| keywords[2].score | 0.6955034732818604 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Biology |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/dna-microarray |
| keywords[3].score | 0.6098824739456177 |
| keywords[3].display_name | DNA microarray |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/nanopore-sequencing |
| keywords[4].score | 0.565778374671936 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Nanopore sequencing |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics |
| keywords[5].score | 0.5628608465194702 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Genetics |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-biology |
| keywords[6].score | 0.5275587439537048 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Computational biology |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/dna-sequencing |
| keywords[7].score | 0.5201376080513 |
| keywords[7].display_name | DNA sequencing |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/genomics |
| keywords[8].score | 0.505882203578949 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Genomics |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/epigenomics |
| keywords[9].score | 0.47259411215782166 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Epigenomics |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/methylation |
| keywords[10].score | 0.46210843324661255 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Methylation |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/bisulfite-sequencing |
| keywords[11].score | 0.4470521807670593 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Bisulfite sequencing |
| keywords[12].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/illumina-methylation-assay |
| keywords[12].score | 0.444887638092041 |
| keywords[12].display_name | Illumina Methylation Assay |
| keywords[13].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/genome |
| keywords[13].score | 0.3720635175704956 |
| keywords[13].display_name | Genome |
| keywords[14].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/gene |
| keywords[14].score | 0.2858993411064148 |
| keywords[14].display_name | Gene |
| keywords[15].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-expression |
| keywords[15].score | 0.10391241312026978 |
| keywords[15].display_name | Gene expression |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.1101/2022.03.01.482537 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306402567 |
| locations[0].source.issn | |
| locations[0].source.type | repository |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | |
| locations[0].source.is_core | False |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[0].source.display_name | bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I2750212522 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I2750212522 |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2022/05/03/2022.03.01.482537.full.pdf |
| locations[0].version | acceptedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | posted-content |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | False |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.03.01.482537 |
| indexed_in | crossref |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5045847158 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7479-0221 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Robert J. Flynn |
| authorships[0].countries | GB |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I23923803 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX2 5DW, United Kingdom |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I23923803 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03yghzc09 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I23923803 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | GB |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | University of Exeter |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Robert Flynn |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX2 5DW, United Kingdom |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5061862935 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4004-8984 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Sam Washer |
| authorships[1].countries | GB |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I23923803 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX2 5DW, United Kingdom |
| authorships[1].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I2802476451 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I23923803 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03yghzc09 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I23923803 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | GB |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | University of Exeter |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I2802476451 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/05cy4wa09 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].type | nonprofit |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I2802476451, https://openalex.org/I87048295 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].country_code | GB |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].display_name | Wellcome Sanger Institute |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Sam Washer |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX2 5DW, United Kingdom, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5063570563 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1235-8291 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Aaron R. Jeffries |
| authorships[2].countries | GB |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I23923803 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX2 5DW, United Kingdom |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I23923803 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03yghzc09 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I23923803 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | GB |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | University of Exeter |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Aaron R Jeffries |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX2 5DW, United Kingdom |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5047200065 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1308-5595 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Alexandria Andrayas |
| authorships[3].countries | GB |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I110002522 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 SQ, United Kingdom |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I110002522 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02nkf1q06 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I110002522 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | GB |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | University of Essex |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Alexandria Andrayas |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 SQ, United Kingdom |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5069437594 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8238-0080 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Gemma Shireby |
| authorships[4].countries | GB |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I23923803 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX2 5DW, United Kingdom |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I23923803 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03yghzc09 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I23923803 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | GB |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | University of Exeter |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Gemma Shireby |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX2 5DW, United Kingdom |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5061318078 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9716-1035 |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | Meena Kumari |
| authorships[5].countries | GB |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I110002522, https://openalex.org/I4210135161 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Colchester CO3 3LG, United Kingdom |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210135161 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04476hk95 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210135161 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code | GB |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name | Institute for Social and Economic Research |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I110002522 |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/02nkf1q06 |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I110002522 |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].country_code | GB |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].display_name | University of Essex |
| authorships[5].author_position | middle |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | Meena Kumari |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings | Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Colchester CO3 3LG, United Kingdom |
| authorships[6].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5057837314 |
| authorships[6].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7030-5756 |
| authorships[6].author.display_name | Leonard C. Schalkwyk |
| authorships[6].countries | GB |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I110002522 |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 SQ, United Kingdom |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I110002522 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02nkf1q06 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I110002522 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].country_code | GB |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].display_name | University of Essex |
| authorships[6].author_position | middle |
| authorships[6].raw_author_name | Leonard C Schalkwyk |
| authorships[6].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[6].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 SQ, United Kingdom |
| authorships[7].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5049350976 |
| authorships[7].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1115-3224 |
| authorships[7].author.display_name | Jonathan Mill |
| authorships[7].countries | GB |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I23923803 |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX2 5DW, United Kingdom |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I23923803 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03yghzc09 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I23923803 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].country_code | GB |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].display_name | University of Exeter |
| authorships[7].author_position | middle |
| authorships[7].raw_author_name | Jonathan Mill |
| authorships[7].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[7].raw_affiliation_strings | University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX2 5DW, United Kingdom |
| authorships[8].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5018092286 |
| authorships[8].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6840-072X |
| authorships[8].author.display_name | Eilís Hannon |
| authorships[8].countries | GB |
| authorships[8].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I23923803 |
| authorships[8].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX2 5DW, United Kingdom |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I23923803 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03yghzc09 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I23923803 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].country_code | GB |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].display_name | University of Exeter |
| authorships[8].author_position | last |
| authorships[8].raw_author_name | Eilis Hannon |
| authorships[8].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[8].raw_affiliation_strings | University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX2 5DW, United Kingdom |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2022/05/03/2022.03.01.482537.full.pdf |
| open_access.oa_status | green |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Evaluation of nanopore sequencing for epigenetic epidemiology: a comparison with DNA methylation microarrays |
| has_fulltext | True |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10269 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9998999834060669 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/1 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Life Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1312 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Molecular Biology |
| primary_topic.display_name | Epigenetics and DNA Methylation |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2754684887, https://openalex.org/W2758690282, https://openalex.org/W4381851513, https://openalex.org/W2106446870, https://openalex.org/W11246397, https://openalex.org/W3200718802, https://openalex.org/W2110744718, https://openalex.org/W2952567878, https://openalex.org/W2589930442, https://openalex.org/W4387876522 |
| cited_by_count | 1 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 1 |
| locations_count | 1 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.1101/2022.03.01.482537 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306402567 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | |
| best_oa_location.source.type | repository |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | False |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | False |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I2750212522 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I2750212522 |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2022/05/03/2022.03.01.482537.full.pdf |
| best_oa_location.version | acceptedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | posted-content |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | False |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.03.01.482537 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.1101/2022.03.01.482537 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306402567 |
| primary_location.source.issn | |
| primary_location.source.type | repository |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | False |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | |
| primary_location.source.is_core | False |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| primary_location.source.display_name | bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I2750212522 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I2750212522 |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2022/05/03/2022.03.01.482537.full.pdf |
| primary_location.version | acceptedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | posted-content |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | False |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.03.01.482537 |
| publication_date | 2022-03-04 |
| publication_year | 2022 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W2085438924, https://openalex.org/W2529024004, https://openalex.org/W3171783357, https://openalex.org/W4229027822, https://openalex.org/W2591367881, https://openalex.org/W3004807164, https://openalex.org/W2142260353, https://openalex.org/W2054801287, https://openalex.org/W2116565281, https://openalex.org/W2916787439, https://openalex.org/W2330784827, https://openalex.org/W2174327813, https://openalex.org/W2523285199, https://openalex.org/W2912488489, https://openalex.org/W2944944066, https://openalex.org/W2125180026, https://openalex.org/W2006345816, https://openalex.org/W2768013244, https://openalex.org/W2763780776, https://openalex.org/W2115937056, https://openalex.org/W3159674917, https://openalex.org/W3007172120, https://openalex.org/W2285074092, https://openalex.org/W2119883345, https://openalex.org/W2407182836, https://openalex.org/W2789843538, https://openalex.org/W2411397641, https://openalex.org/W1842924979, https://openalex.org/W2891101330, https://openalex.org/W2796081119, https://openalex.org/W2146512944, https://openalex.org/W2169556367, https://openalex.org/W1984689638 |
| referenced_works_count | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 98, 116, 166, 214, 229 |
| abstract_inverted_index.10 | 204 |
| abstract_inverted_index.12 | 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.3% | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In | 209 |
| abstract_inverted_index.We | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.at | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 72, 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 12, 17, 37, 121, 130, 148, 224, 245 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 20, 213 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 33, 49, 67, 90, 169, 180, 183, 239, 248 |
| abstract_inverted_index.or | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 4, 9, 63, 126, 134, 136, 174, 235 |
| abstract_inverted_index.we | 86, 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.DNA | 18, 34, 101, 128, 155, 170, 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 45, 231 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 145, 226 |
| abstract_inverted_index.but | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 94, 217 |
| abstract_inverted_index.has | 6, 232 |
| abstract_inverted_index.not | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.our | 237 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 13, 38, 47, 61, 65, 88, 105, 110, 175, 206, 233, 240, 246 |
| abstract_inverted_index.was | 157, 188, 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.AHRR | 207 |
| abstract_inverted_index.CpGs | 161, 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.DNA. | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.DNAm | 225 |
| abstract_inverted_index.EPIC | 112, 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Here | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Most | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.date | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.have | 60, 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.less | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.loci | 44, 220 |
| abstract_inverted_index.most | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.only | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.role | 241 |
| abstract_inverted_index.than | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 22, 100, 123, 200, 228 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1,779 | 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Third | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Using | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.data, | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.finer | 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gene. | 208 |
| abstract_inverted_index.high. | 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.human | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.large | 222 |
| abstract_inverted_index.plays | 244 |
| abstract_inverted_index.shown | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sites | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.these | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.three | 131, 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.using | 91, 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.valid | 215 |
| abstract_inverted_index.where | 15, 195, 221 |
| abstract_inverted_index.across | 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.array. | 113, 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.assess | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.direct | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.genome | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.levels | 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.native | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.option | 216 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reads, | 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.within | 205 |
| abstract_inverted_index.advance | 236 |
| abstract_inverted_index.attempt | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.between | 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.complex | 249 |
| abstract_inverted_index.concert | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.genome, | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.genomic | 132, 138, 219 |
| abstract_inverted_index.genuine | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.missing | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.profile | 29, 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.regions | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.smoking | 201 |
| abstract_inverted_index.status, | 202 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tobacco | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Abstract | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.However, | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Illumina | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Nanopore | 58, 92, 124, 152, 211 |
| abstract_inverted_index.affected | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.approach | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compared | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.coverage | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.disease. | 26, 250 |
| abstract_inverted_index.existing | 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.identify | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.patterns | 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.regions, | 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.smokers. | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.summary, | 210 |
| abstract_inverted_index.targeted | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.utilized | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aetiology | 247 |
| abstract_inverted_index.discovery | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.disrupted | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.estimated | 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.exposures | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.including | 57, 203 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pathways. | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.phenotype | 230 |
| abstract_inverted_index.platforms | 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.positions | 11, 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.potential | 62, 234 |
| abstract_inverted_index.profiling | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.providing | 73, 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.variation | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.viability | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.associated | 21, 199, 227 |
| abstract_inverted_index.available, | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.biological | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.comparison | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.epigenetic | 2, 68, 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.generation | 54, 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.identified | 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.methylated | 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.microarray | 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.performing | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.preventing | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.quantified | 103, 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rediscover | 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.resolution | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sequencing | 55, 93, 119, 125, 153, 212 |
| abstract_inverted_index.CRISPR-Cas9 | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.correlation | 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.differences | 223 |
| abstract_inverted_index.genome-wide | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.identifying | 218 |
| abstract_inverted_index.implemented | 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.methylation | 19, 35, 102, 129, 156, 171, 185, 243 |
| abstract_inverted_index.microarrays | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.potentially | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sequencing, | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Furthermore, | 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.differential | 242 |
| abstract_inverted_index.epidemiology | 3, 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.technologies | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.comprehensive | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.environmental | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.modifications | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.revolutionise | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.significantly | 198 |
| abstract_inverted_index.technologies, | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.understanding | 238 |
| abstract_inverted_index.differentially | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hypomethylation | 196 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 95 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 91 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5018092286 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 9 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I23923803 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.8700000047683716 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Good health and well-being |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.40969503 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |