Evaluation of statewide restrictions on e‐cigarette nicotine strength—United States, 2017–2022 Article Swipe
Fatma Romeh M. Ali
,
Barbara Schillo
,
Elisha Crane
,
Elizabeth L. Seaman
,
Brian A. King
·
YOU?
·
· 2023
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/add.16206
YOU?
·
· 2023
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/add.16206
Aims To evaluate statewide policies restricting e‐cigarette nicotine strength. Design A difference‐in‐difference regression analysis was used to compare e‐cigarette sales in states that restrict nicotine strength with states with no restrictions. Because flavor restrictions might affect sales and nicotine strength, states with flavor restrictions were also assessed. Setting and cases United States e‐cigarette retail sales data during January 2017 to March 2022 were licensed from Information Resources Incorporated. States with restrictions included Massachusetts (restricted maximum nicotine strength to 3.5% and nontobacco flavored e‐cigarette sales in December 2019); Utah (restricted nicotine strength to 3.6% in September 2021); and Rhode Island, New York and Washington (restricted nontobacco flavor sales in October 2019, May 2020 and October 2019 to January 2020, respectively). These were compared with data from 34 states with no e‐cigarette nicotine strength or flavor restrictions. Measurements Weighted mean nicotine strength and total unit sales. Total unit sales per 1000 state population were summed into 4‐week periods by state. Models controlled for emergency responses, state demographics, tobacco control policies, time and state fixed effects. Findings Restricting both nicotine strength and flavors in Massachusetts was associated with a 2.04 percentage point (pp) reduction in mean nicotine strength and 86.76‐unit reduction in monthly unit sales per 1000 persons compared with states with no restrictions (all P < 0.01). Restricting nicotine strength only in Utah was associated with a 1.77 pp ( P < 0.01) reduction in mean nicotine strength; however, there was no impact on unit sales. Restricting nontobacco flavor sales only in Rhode Island, New York and Washington slightly reduced mean nicotine strength (0.21, 0.62 and 0.19 pp, respectively) and sales (36.66, 34.51 and 16.37 units, respectively) (all P < 0.01). Conclusions United States statewide policies restricting e‐cigarette nicotine strength appear to be associated with reductions in average nicotine strength in sales within that state; however, there appears to be no impact on unit sales. When these policies are implemented along with flavor restrictions; reductions in average nicotine strength occur in addition to reduced unit sales.
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Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1111/add.16206
- https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/add.16206
- OA Status
- hybrid
- Cited By
- 4
- References
- 29
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4364353668
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
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https://openalex.org/W4364353668Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
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https://doi.org/10.1111/add.16206Digital Object Identifier
- Title
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Evaluation of statewide restrictions on e‐cigarette nicotine strength—United States, 2017–2022Work title
- Type
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articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
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enPrimary language
- Publication year
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2023Year of publication
- Publication date
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2023-04-11Full publication date if available
- Authors
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Fatma Romeh M. Ali, Barbara Schillo, Elisha Crane, Elizabeth L. Seaman, Brian A. KingList of authors in order
- Landing page
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https://doi.org/10.1111/add.16206Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
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https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/add.16206Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
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YesWhether a free full text is available
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hybridOpen access status per OpenAlex
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https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/add.16206Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
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Nicotine, Electronic cigarette, Flavor, Population, Tobacco control, Medicine, Demography, Toxicology, Business, Mathematics, Environmental health, Public health, Biology, Internal medicine, Nursing, Pathology, SociologyTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
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4Total citation count in OpenAlex
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2025: 2, 2023: 2Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
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29Number of works referenced by this work
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10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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