Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence • Vol 39 • No 4
Every Component Counts: Rethinking the Measure of Success for Medical Semantic Segmentation in Multi-Instance Segmentation Tasks
April 2025 • Alexander Jaus, Constantin Seibold, Simon Reiß, Zdravko Marinov, Keyi Li, Ziqi Ye, Stefan Krieg, Jens Kleesiek, Rainer Stiefelhagen
We present Connected-Component (CC)-Metrics, a novel semantic segmentation evaluation protocol, targeted to align existing semantic segmentation metrics to a multi-instance detection scenario in which each connected component matters. We motivate this setup in the common medical scenario of semantic metastases segmentation in a full-body PET/CT. We show how existing semantic segmentation metrics suffer from a bias towards larger connected components contradicting the clinical assessment of scans in which tumor siz…