Evidence of Oligoclonal Bands Does Not Exclude Non-Inflammatory Neurological Diseases Article Swipe
Katharina Pannewitz‐Makaj
,
Ulrich Wurster
,
Konstantin Fritz Jendretzky
,
Stefan Gingele
,
Kurt‐Wolfram Sühs
,
Martin Stangel
,
Thomas Skripuletz
,
Philipp Schwenkenbecher
·
YOU?
·
· 2020
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11010037
YOU?
·
· 2020
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11010037
Cerebrospinal fluid analysis is an essential part of the diagnostic workup in various neurological disorders. Evidence of an intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis, as demonstrated by Reiber’s diagram or the more sensitive oligoclonal bands (OCB), are typical for neuroinflammatory diseases, and normally not expected in non-inflammatory neurological diseases. Therefore, patients with non-inflammatory neurological diseases are often used in control groups in studies investigating autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system. However, data about the frequency of intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis in non-inflammatory neurological disease are scarce. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) records of a total of 3622 patients were screened and 2114 patients included with presumably non-inflammatory neurological diseases like dementia, idiopathic peripheral neuropathy, motoneuron disease, stroke, and epileptic seizures. Evidence of an intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis can be found with low frequency also in non-inflammatory neurological diseases. A much higher rate of patients showed intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis as demonstrated by OCB than by Reiber’s diagram. In patients with disorders of the peripheral nervous system the frequency of OCB was much lower than in patients presenting with central nervous system manifestations. Evidence of an intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis should not automatically lead to exclusion of non-inflammatory neurological diseases but should rather prompt the way to investigate for the origin of the intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis.
Related Topics
Concepts
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11010037
- https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/11/1/37/pdf?version=1609210329
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 37
- References
- 53
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W3113914851
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W3113914851Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11010037Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Evidence of Oligoclonal Bands Does Not Exclude Non-Inflammatory Neurological DiseasesWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2020Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2020-12-28Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Katharina Pannewitz‐Makaj, Ulrich Wurster, Konstantin Fritz Jendretzky, Stefan Gingele, Kurt‐Wolfram Sühs, Martin Stangel, Thomas Skripuletz, Philipp SchwenkenbecherList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11010037Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/11/1/37/pdf?version=1609210329Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/11/1/37/pdf?version=1609210329Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Medicine, Cerebrospinal fluid, Intrathecal, Antibody, Immunology, Central nervous system, Disease, Pathology, Internal medicine, AnesthesiaTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
37Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 9, 2024: 11, 2023: 5, 2022: 9, 2021: 3Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
53Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W3113914851 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11010037 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11010037 |
| ids.mag | 3113914851 |
| ids.pmid | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33379245 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W3113914851 |
| fwci | 1.91102365 |
| type | article |
| title | Evidence of Oligoclonal Bands Does Not Exclude Non-Inflammatory Neurological Diseases |
| biblio.issue | 1 |
| biblio.volume | 11 |
| biblio.last_page | 37 |
| biblio.first_page | 37 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T11627 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Medicine |
| topics[0].score | 0.9998999834060669 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2728 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Neurology |
| topics[0].display_name | Autoimmune Neurological Disorders and Treatments |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T10949 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/28 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Neuroscience |
| topics[1].score | 0.9987000226974487 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/1 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Life Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2804 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience |
| topics[1].display_name | Genetic Neurodegenerative Diseases |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T12604 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Medicine |
| topics[2].score | 0.9970999956130981 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2745 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Rheumatology |
| topics[2].display_name | Glycogen Storage Diseases and Myoclonus |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 2000 |
| apc_list.currency | CHF |
| apc_list.value_usd | 2165 |
| apc_paid.value | 2000 |
| apc_paid.currency | CHF |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 2165 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C71924100 |
| concepts[0].level | 0 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.7654231786727905 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Medicine |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C2779651940 |
| concepts[1].level | 2 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.6901082992553711 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54196 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Cerebrospinal fluid |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C157820659 |
| concepts[2].level | 2 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.577582597732544 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1320251 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Intrathecal |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C159654299 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.529003918170929 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Antibody |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C203014093 |
| concepts[4].level | 1 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.5179773569107056 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Immunology |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C529278444 |
| concepts[5].level | 2 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.49054497480392456 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47273 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Central nervous system |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C2779134260 |
| concepts[6].level | 2 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.46576595306396484 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Disease |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C142724271 |
| concepts[7].level | 1 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.26019519567489624 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Pathology |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C126322002 |
| concepts[8].level | 1 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.20021694898605347 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Internal medicine |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C42219234 |
| concepts[9].level | 1 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.11676332354545593 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Anesthesia |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine |
| keywords[0].score | 0.7654231786727905 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Medicine |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/cerebrospinal-fluid |
| keywords[1].score | 0.6901082992553711 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Cerebrospinal fluid |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/intrathecal |
| keywords[2].score | 0.577582597732544 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Intrathecal |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/antibody |
| keywords[3].score | 0.529003918170929 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Antibody |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/immunology |
| keywords[4].score | 0.5179773569107056 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Immunology |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/central-nervous-system |
| keywords[5].score | 0.49054497480392456 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Central nervous system |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/disease |
| keywords[6].score | 0.46576595306396484 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Disease |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology |
| keywords[7].score | 0.26019519567489624 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Pathology |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine |
| keywords[8].score | 0.20021694898605347 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Internal medicine |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/anesthesia |
| keywords[9].score | 0.11676332354545593 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Anesthesia |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.3390/diagnostics11010037 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210172076 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 2075-4418 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 2075-4418 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Diagnostics |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/11/1/37/pdf?version=1609210329 |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Diagnostics |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11010037 |
| locations[1].id | pmid:33379245 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306525036 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | PubMed |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | True |
| locations[1].is_published | True |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33379245 |
| locations[2].id | pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:fe7910356b294f9e8a7938c4f2b648e3 |
| locations[2].is_oa | True |
| locations[2].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401280 |
| locations[2].source.issn | |
| locations[2].source.type | repository |
| locations[2].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.issn_l | |
| locations[2].source.is_core | False |
| locations[2].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[2].source.display_name | DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
| locations[2].source.host_organization | |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_lineage | |
| locations[2].license | cc-by-sa |
| locations[2].pdf_url | |
| locations[2].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | article |
| locations[2].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa |
| locations[2].is_accepted | False |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | Diagnostics, Vol 11, Iss 1, p 37 (2020) |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | https://doaj.org/article/fe7910356b294f9e8a7938c4f2b648e3 |
| locations[3].id | pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7824674 |
| locations[3].is_oa | True |
| locations[3].source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764455111 |
| locations[3].source.issn | |
| locations[3].source.type | repository |
| locations[3].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[3].source.issn_l | |
| locations[3].source.is_core | False |
| locations[3].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[3].source.display_name | PubMed Central |
| locations[3].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[3].license | other-oa |
| locations[3].pdf_url | |
| locations[3].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[3].raw_type | Text |
| locations[3].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa |
| locations[3].is_accepted | False |
| locations[3].is_published | False |
| locations[3].raw_source_name | Diagnostics (Basel) |
| locations[3].landing_page_url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7824674 |
| locations[4].id | pmh:oai:europepmc.org:6731759 |
| locations[4].is_oa | True |
| locations[4].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400806 |
| locations[4].source.issn | |
| locations[4].source.type | repository |
| locations[4].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[4].source.issn_l | |
| locations[4].source.is_core | False |
| locations[4].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[4].source.display_name | Europe PMC (PubMed Central) |
| locations[4].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1303153112 |
| locations[4].source.host_organization_name | European Bioinformatics Institute |
| locations[4].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1303153112 |
| locations[4].license | other-oa |
| locations[4].pdf_url | |
| locations[4].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[4].raw_type | Text |
| locations[4].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa |
| locations[4].is_accepted | False |
| locations[4].is_published | False |
| locations[4].raw_source_name | |
| locations[4].landing_page_url | http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC7824674 |
| locations[5].id | pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2075-4418/11/1/37/ |
| locations[5].is_oa | True |
| locations[5].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400947 |
| locations[5].source.issn | |
| locations[5].source.type | repository |
| locations[5].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[5].source.issn_l | |
| locations[5].source.is_core | False |
| locations[5].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[5].source.display_name | MDPI (MDPI AG) |
| locations[5].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I4210097602 |
| locations[5].source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland) |
| locations[5].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210097602 |
| locations[5].license | cc-by |
| locations[5].pdf_url | |
| locations[5].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[5].raw_type | Text |
| locations[5].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[5].is_accepted | False |
| locations[5].is_published | False |
| locations[5].raw_source_name | Diagnostics; Volume 11; Issue 1; Pages: 37 |
| locations[5].landing_page_url | https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11010037 |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj, pubmed |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5062309062 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Katharina Pannewitz‐Makaj |
| authorships[0].countries | DE |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I34809795 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I34809795 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00f2yqf98 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I34809795 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | DE |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Medizinische Hochschule Hannover |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Katharina Pannewitz-Makaj |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5057793447 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Ulrich Wurster |
| authorships[1].countries | DE |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I34809795 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I34809795 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00f2yqf98 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I34809795 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | DE |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Medizinische Hochschule Hannover |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Ulrich Wurster |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5077490436 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Konstantin Fritz Jendretzky |
| authorships[2].countries | DE |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I34809795 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I34809795 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00f2yqf98 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I34809795 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | DE |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Medizinische Hochschule Hannover |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Konstantin Fritz Jendretzky |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5003028142 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6055-5695 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Stefan Gingele |
| authorships[3].countries | DE |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I34809795 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I34809795 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00f2yqf98 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I34809795 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | DE |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | Medizinische Hochschule Hannover |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Stefan Gingele |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5048460745 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8077-481X |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Kurt‐Wolfram Sühs |
| authorships[4].countries | DE |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I34809795 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I34809795 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00f2yqf98 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I34809795 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | DE |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | Medizinische Hochschule Hannover |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Kurt-Wolfram Sühs |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5014510701 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2504-5398 |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | Martin Stangel |
| authorships[5].countries | DE |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I34809795 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I34809795 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00f2yqf98 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I34809795 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code | DE |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name | Medizinische Hochschule Hannover |
| authorships[5].author_position | middle |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | Martin Stangel |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings | Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany |
| authorships[6].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5001155888 |
| authorships[6].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8550-335X |
| authorships[6].author.display_name | Thomas Skripuletz |
| authorships[6].countries | DE |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I34809795 |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I34809795 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00f2yqf98 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I34809795 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].country_code | DE |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].display_name | Medizinische Hochschule Hannover |
| authorships[6].author_position | middle |
| authorships[6].raw_author_name | Thomas Skripuletz |
| authorships[6].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[6].raw_affiliation_strings | Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany |
| authorships[7].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5039847442 |
| authorships[7].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1260-1650 |
| authorships[7].author.display_name | Philipp Schwenkenbecher |
| authorships[7].countries | DE |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I34809795 |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I34809795 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00f2yqf98 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I34809795 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].country_code | DE |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].display_name | Medizinische Hochschule Hannover |
| authorships[7].author_position | last |
| authorships[7].raw_author_name | Philipp Schwenkenbecher |
| authorships[7].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[7].raw_affiliation_strings | Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/11/1/37/pdf?version=1609210329 |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Evidence of Oligoclonal Bands Does Not Exclude Non-Inflammatory Neurological Diseases |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T11627 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Medicine |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9998999834060669 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2728 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Neurology |
| primary_topic.display_name | Autoimmune Neurological Disorders and Treatments |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2060257772, https://openalex.org/W2058773221, https://openalex.org/W2003001535, https://openalex.org/W3011680155, https://openalex.org/W2326711712, https://openalex.org/W2734455830, https://openalex.org/W2916024319, https://openalex.org/W1587618145, https://openalex.org/W2353621956, https://openalex.org/W2385299374 |
| cited_by_count | 37 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 9 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 11 |
| counts_by_year[2].year | 2023 |
| counts_by_year[2].cited_by_count | 5 |
| counts_by_year[3].year | 2022 |
| counts_by_year[3].cited_by_count | 9 |
| counts_by_year[4].year | 2021 |
| counts_by_year[4].cited_by_count | 3 |
| locations_count | 6 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.3390/diagnostics11010037 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210172076 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 2075-4418 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 2075-4418 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Diagnostics |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/11/1/37/pdf?version=1609210329 |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Diagnostics |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11010037 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.3390/diagnostics11010037 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210172076 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 2075-4418 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 2075-4418 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Diagnostics |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/11/1/37/pdf?version=1609210329 |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Diagnostics |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11010037 |
| publication_date | 2020-12-28 |
| publication_year | 2020 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W6657006964, https://openalex.org/W2114061884, https://openalex.org/W2049315312, https://openalex.org/W2058918572, https://openalex.org/W1488100799, https://openalex.org/W2027770507, https://openalex.org/W2522804303, https://openalex.org/W2777074421, https://openalex.org/W2074485666, https://openalex.org/W2143255467, https://openalex.org/W2164371036, https://openalex.org/W2111619677, https://openalex.org/W3014332360, https://openalex.org/W2058583207, https://openalex.org/W2097781344, https://openalex.org/W2109912567, https://openalex.org/W2000445298, https://openalex.org/W2027200267, https://openalex.org/W1996549338, https://openalex.org/W2010922413, https://openalex.org/W1500816198, https://openalex.org/W2729694924, https://openalex.org/W2125948659, https://openalex.org/W4233818724, https://openalex.org/W4300658777, https://openalex.org/W6745070173, https://openalex.org/W2305696806, https://openalex.org/W2945170743, https://openalex.org/W2969871944, https://openalex.org/W1861434948, https://openalex.org/W2930201123, https://openalex.org/W2902850345, https://openalex.org/W2141462596, https://openalex.org/W2512647231, https://openalex.org/W2767538363, https://openalex.org/W3111509171, https://openalex.org/W2006099877, https://openalex.org/W3004677482, https://openalex.org/W2985088294, https://openalex.org/W2791304973, https://openalex.org/W3030138131, https://openalex.org/W1942969239, https://openalex.org/W3080930714, https://openalex.org/W2230641108, https://openalex.org/W1610483123, https://openalex.org/W2085368828, https://openalex.org/W3012785766, https://openalex.org/W1984377214, https://openalex.org/W2561533867, https://openalex.org/W1970588074, https://openalex.org/W2026488191, https://openalex.org/W4241123272, https://openalex.org/W2763200145 |
| referenced_works_count | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.A | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 4, 17, 118, 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 21, 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.be | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 23, 145, 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 11, 42, 55, 58, 77, 129, 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 7, 16, 63, 73, 88, 91, 117, 137, 155, 162, 177, 188, 203 |
| abstract_inverted_index.or | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 186, 198 |
| abstract_inverted_index.OCB | 146, 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 38, 96, 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 33, 52, 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.but | 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.can | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 35, 200 |
| abstract_inverted_index.low | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.not | 40, 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 8, 27, 64, 71, 156, 160, 196, 201, 204 |
| abstract_inverted_index.was | 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.way | 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2114 | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.3622 | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.also | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.data | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lead | 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.like | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.more | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.much | 134, 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.part | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rate | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.than | 147, 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.used | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.were | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 48, 100, 125, 153, 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(CSF) | 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.about | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.bands | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fluid | 1, 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.found | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lower | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.often | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.total | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(OCB), | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.groups | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.higher | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.origin | 202 |
| abstract_inverted_index.prompt | 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rather | 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.should | 182, 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.showed | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.system | 159, 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.workup | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.central | 65, 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.control | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.diagram | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.disease | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nervous | 66, 158, 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.records | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.scarce. | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stroke, | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.studies | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.system. | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.typical | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.various | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Evidence | 15, 116, 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.However, | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analysis | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.diagram. | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.disease, | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.diseases | 51, 62, 104, 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.expected | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.included | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.normally | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.patients | 47, 93, 98, 138, 152, 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.screened | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dementia, | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.diseases, | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.diseases. | 45, 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.disorders | 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.epileptic | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.essential | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.exclusion | 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.frequency | 72, 127, 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.seizures. | 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sensitive | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.synthesis | 76, 121, 142, 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Reiber’s | 24, 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Therefore, | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.autoimmune | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.diagnostic | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.disorders. | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.idiopathic | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.motoneuron | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.peripheral | 108, 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.presenting | 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.presumably | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.synthesis, | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.synthesis. | 207 |
| abstract_inverted_index.intrathecal | 18, 74, 119, 140, 179, 205 |
| abstract_inverted_index.investigate | 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.neuropathy, | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.oligoclonal | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.demonstrated | 22, 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.neurological | 13, 44, 50, 79, 103, 131, 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Cerebrospinal | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.automatically | 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cerebrospinal | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.investigating | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.immunoglobulin | 19, 75, 120, 141, 180, 206 |
| abstract_inverted_index.manifestations. | 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.non-inflammatory | 43, 49, 78, 102, 130, 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.neuroinflammatory | 36 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 99 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 95 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5039847442 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 8 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I34809795 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.6499999761581421 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Good health and well-being |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.86772857 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |