Experiment and Numerical Simulation on Grouting Reinforcement Parameters of Ultra-Shallow Buried Double-Arch Tunnel Article Swipe
Jianxiu Wang
,
Ansheng Cao
,
Zhao Wu
,
Huanran Wang
,
Xiaotian Liu
,
Huboqiang Li
,
Yuanwei Sun
·
YOU?
·
· 2021
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/app112110491
YOU?
·
· 2021
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/app112110491
For an ultra-shallow buried double-arch tunnel with a large cross-section, the arching effect is difficult to form in surrounding rock, and grouting method is often adopted to reinforce the surrounding rock. Hence, examining the grouting reinforcement parameters is of great significance for potential failure and collapse prevention. The land part of Haicang undersea tunnel was selected as a case study; laboratory experiments, theoretical analysis, and numerical simulation were performed to determine the grouting solid strength and grouting reinforcement parameters. The effects of different water–cement ratios on slurry fluidity, setting time, bleeding rate, and sample strength were studied by laboratory experiments. A method was proposed to determine the shear strength parameters of grouted surrounding rock through the grout water–cement ratio and the unconfined compressive strength of the rock mass. Numerical simulations were performed for grouting reinforcement layer thickness and the water–cement ratios. The deformation and stability law of tunnel surrounding rock and its influence on surrounding underground pipelines were obtained considering the spatial effect of tunnel excavation and grouting reinforcement. The reasonable selection range of grouting reinforcement parameters was proposed. The initial setting time and bleeding rate of cement slurry increased with the increasing water–cement ratio, while the viscosity of cement slurry and sample strength decreased with the increasing water–cement ratio. The shear strength parameters of grouted surrounding rock were determined by the water–cement ratio of grout and unconfined compressive strength of rock mass before grouting. When the thickness of grouting reinforcement layer h = 1.5 m and the water–cement ratio of grout was suggested η = 0.85, the surface settlement, the deformation of the vault, and the deformation of the nearby pipeline all met the design. Moreover, the construction requirements were more economical. Research results can provide a reference for the selection of grouting reinforcement parameters for similar projects.
Related Topics
Concepts
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/app112110491
- https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/21/10491/pdf?version=1636376821
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 8
- References
- 35
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W3213170738
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W3213170738Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/app112110491Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Experiment and Numerical Simulation on Grouting Reinforcement Parameters of Ultra-Shallow Buried Double-Arch TunnelWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2021Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2021-11-08Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Jianxiu Wang, Ansheng Cao, Zhao Wu, Huanran Wang, Xiaotian Liu, Huboqiang Li, Yuanwei SunList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/app112110491Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/21/10491/pdf?version=1636376821Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/21/10491/pdf?version=1636376821Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Geotechnical engineering, Grout, Reinforcement, Compressive strength, Slurry, Cement, Geology, Arch, Materials science, Composite material, Engineering, Structural engineeringTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
8Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 4, 2024: 1, 2023: 2, 2022: 1Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
35Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W3213170738 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/app112110491 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/app112110491 |
| ids.mag | 3213170738 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W3213170738 |
| fwci | 0.54592204 |
| type | article |
| title | Experiment and Numerical Simulation on Grouting Reinforcement Parameters of Ultra-Shallow Buried Double-Arch Tunnel |
| biblio.issue | 21 |
| biblio.volume | 11 |
| biblio.last_page | 10491 |
| biblio.first_page | 10491 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T13596 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[0].score | 0.9995999932289124 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2205 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Civil and Structural Engineering |
| topics[0].display_name | Grouting, Rheology, and Soil Mechanics |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T12233 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[1].score | 0.9991999864578247 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2205 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Civil and Structural Engineering |
| topics[1].display_name | Geotechnical Engineering and Underground Structures |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T11046 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[2].score | 0.9965000152587891 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2213 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality |
| topics[2].display_name | Geotechnical Engineering and Analysis |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 2300 |
| apc_list.currency | CHF |
| apc_list.value_usd | 2490 |
| apc_paid.value | 2300 |
| apc_paid.currency | CHF |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 2490 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C187320778 |
| concepts[0].level | 1 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.8260809183120728 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Geotechnical engineering |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C2778249042 |
| concepts[1].level | 2 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.7170476913452148 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4580104 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Grout |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C67203356 |
| concepts[2].level | 2 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.6105945110321045 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321905 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Reinforcement |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C30407753 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.5744868516921997 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186191 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Compressive strength |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C94293008 |
| concepts[4].level | 2 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.5398217439651489 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23925154 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Slurry |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C523993062 |
| concepts[5].level | 2 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.5339003801345825 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45190 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Cement |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C127313418 |
| concepts[6].level | 0 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.43250831961631775 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Geology |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C11312509 |
| concepts[7].level | 2 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.41086870431900024 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12277 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Arch |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C192562407 |
| concepts[8].level | 0 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.3794111907482147 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Materials science |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C159985019 |
| concepts[9].level | 1 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.23854240775108337 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Composite material |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C127413603 |
| concepts[10].level | 0 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.2060445249080658 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Engineering |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C66938386 |
| concepts[11].level | 1 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.1741827130317688 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Structural engineering |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/geotechnical-engineering |
| keywords[0].score | 0.8260809183120728 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Geotechnical engineering |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/grout |
| keywords[1].score | 0.7170476913452148 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Grout |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement |
| keywords[2].score | 0.6105945110321045 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Reinforcement |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/compressive-strength |
| keywords[3].score | 0.5744868516921997 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Compressive strength |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/slurry |
| keywords[4].score | 0.5398217439651489 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Slurry |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/cement |
| keywords[5].score | 0.5339003801345825 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Cement |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/geology |
| keywords[6].score | 0.43250831961631775 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Geology |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/arch |
| keywords[7].score | 0.41086870431900024 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Arch |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science |
| keywords[8].score | 0.3794111907482147 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Materials science |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material |
| keywords[9].score | 0.23854240775108337 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Composite material |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering |
| keywords[10].score | 0.2060445249080658 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Engineering |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering |
| keywords[11].score | 0.1741827130317688 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Structural engineering |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.3390/app112110491 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210205812 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 2076-3417 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 2076-3417 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Applied Sciences |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/21/10491/pdf?version=1636376821 |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Applied Sciences |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/app112110491 |
| locations[1].id | pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3f719b9f7d2e465a996ee99c235bfe73 |
| locations[1].is_oa | True |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401280 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[1].license | cc-by-sa |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | article |
| locations[1].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa |
| locations[1].is_accepted | False |
| locations[1].is_published | False |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | Applied Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 21, p 10491 (2021) |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://doaj.org/article/3f719b9f7d2e465a996ee99c235bfe73 |
| locations[2].id | pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2076-3417/11/21/10491/ |
| locations[2].is_oa | True |
| locations[2].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400947 |
| locations[2].source.issn | |
| locations[2].source.type | repository |
| locations[2].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[2].source.issn_l | |
| locations[2].source.is_core | False |
| locations[2].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[2].source.display_name | MDPI (MDPI AG) |
| locations[2].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I4210097602 |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland) |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210097602 |
| locations[2].license | cc-by |
| locations[2].pdf_url | |
| locations[2].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | Text |
| locations[2].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[2].is_accepted | False |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | Applied Sciences |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112110491 |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5074129721 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5438-8184 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Jianxiu Wang |
| authorships[0].countries | CN |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I116953780 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Geotechnical Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China |
| authorships[0].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I109935558 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Key Laboratory of Impact and Safety Engineering, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China |
| authorships[0].affiliations[2].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I116953780 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[2].raw_affiliation_string | Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I109935558 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03et85d35 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I109935558 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Ningbo University |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I116953780 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/03rc6as71 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I116953780 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].country_code | CN |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].display_name | Tongji University |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Jianxiu Wang |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Geotechnical Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China, Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China, Key Laboratory of Impact and Safety Engineering, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5014691684 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0470-8885 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Ansheng Cao |
| authorships[1].countries | CN |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I116953780 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Geotechnical Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I116953780 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03rc6as71 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I116953780 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Tongji University |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Ansheng Cao |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Geotechnical Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5109532174 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Zhao Wu |
| authorships[2].countries | CN |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I116953780 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Geotechnical Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I116953780 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03rc6as71 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I116953780 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Tongji University |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Zhao Wu |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Geotechnical Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5028563164 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9130-2869 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Huanran Wang |
| authorships[3].countries | CN |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I109935558 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Key Laboratory of Impact and Safety Engineering, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I109935558 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03et85d35 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I109935558 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | Ningbo University |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Huanran Wang |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Key Laboratory of Impact and Safety Engineering, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5100781967 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1750-673X |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Xiaotian Liu |
| authorships[4].countries | CN |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I116953780 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Geotechnical Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I116953780 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03rc6as71 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I116953780 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | Tongji University |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Xiaotian Liu |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Geotechnical Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5075010841 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | Huboqiang Li |
| authorships[5].countries | CN |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I116953780 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Geotechnical Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I116953780 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03rc6as71 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I116953780 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name | Tongji University |
| authorships[5].author_position | middle |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | Huboqiang Li |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Geotechnical Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China |
| authorships[6].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5055778499 |
| authorships[6].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4159-3346 |
| authorships[6].author.display_name | Yuanwei Sun |
| authorships[6].countries | CN |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I116953780 |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Geotechnical Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I116953780 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03rc6as71 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I116953780 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].display_name | Tongji University |
| authorships[6].author_position | last |
| authorships[6].raw_author_name | Yuanwei Sun |
| authorships[6].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[6].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Geotechnical Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/21/10491/pdf?version=1636376821 |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Experiment and Numerical Simulation on Grouting Reinforcement Parameters of Ultra-Shallow Buried Double-Arch Tunnel |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T13596 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Engineering |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9995999932289124 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2205 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Civil and Structural Engineering |
| primary_topic.display_name | Grouting, Rheology, and Soil Mechanics |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2954763152, https://openalex.org/W4366522742, https://openalex.org/W1757895492, https://openalex.org/W2332419419, https://openalex.org/W3007700485, https://openalex.org/W1531653709, https://openalex.org/W633922567, https://openalex.org/W2363846009, https://openalex.org/W2182996963, https://openalex.org/W4322761570 |
| cited_by_count | 8 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 4 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 1 |
| counts_by_year[2].year | 2023 |
| counts_by_year[2].cited_by_count | 2 |
| counts_by_year[3].year | 2022 |
| counts_by_year[3].cited_by_count | 1 |
| locations_count | 3 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.3390/app112110491 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210205812 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 2076-3417 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 2076-3417 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Applied Sciences |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/21/10491/pdf?version=1636376821 |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Applied Sciences |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/app112110491 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.3390/app112110491 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210205812 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 2076-3417 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 2076-3417 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Applied Sciences |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/21/10491/pdf?version=1636376821 |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Applied Sciences |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/app112110491 |
| publication_date | 2021-11-08 |
| publication_year | 2021 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W3130012645, https://openalex.org/W3041990087, https://openalex.org/W3012140467, https://openalex.org/W2735723392, https://openalex.org/W2896546081, https://openalex.org/W2575624181, https://openalex.org/W6726298422, https://openalex.org/W4230588079, https://openalex.org/W3008276855, https://openalex.org/W2972643747, https://openalex.org/W2008637675, https://openalex.org/W3135316548, https://openalex.org/W3031876354, https://openalex.org/W3032124892, https://openalex.org/W2389703237, https://openalex.org/W2005231765, https://openalex.org/W6741995286, https://openalex.org/W3042697373, https://openalex.org/W6663187592, https://openalex.org/W1988296083, https://openalex.org/W2892578987, https://openalex.org/W1976045019, https://openalex.org/W2062548517, https://openalex.org/W3013213878, https://openalex.org/W3085111472, https://openalex.org/W3133214064, https://openalex.org/W3009882904, https://openalex.org/W2385380278, https://openalex.org/W2356692336, https://openalex.org/W7061638518, https://openalex.org/W3217005518, https://openalex.org/W2050826601, https://openalex.org/W2379000223, https://openalex.org/W2743593835, https://openalex.org/W2513943004 |
| referenced_works_count | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.= | 243, 255 |
| abstract_inverted_index.A | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 7, 57, 287 |
| abstract_inverted_index.h | 242 |
| abstract_inverted_index.m | 245 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 97, 220 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 13, 23, 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 38, 50, 81, 110, 124, 146, 163, 173, 186, 198, 214, 224, 230, 238, 250, 262, 268, 292 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 85, 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 15, 26, 69, 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.η | 254 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1.5 | 244 |
| abstract_inverted_index.For | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 47, 79, 141, 169, 179, 210 |
| abstract_inverted_index.all | 272 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 20, 44, 64, 75, 92, 119, 137, 143, 150, 166, 183, 201, 226, 246, 265 |
| abstract_inverted_index.can | 285 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 41, 132, 289, 296 |
| abstract_inverted_index.its | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.law | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.met | 273 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 10, 28, 33, 71, 106, 115, 120, 125, 138, 160, 191, 196, 206, 221, 236, 247, 257, 260, 263, 266, 269, 274, 277, 290 |
| abstract_inverted_index.was | 54, 102, 177, 252 |
| abstract_inverted_index.When | 235 |
| abstract_inverted_index.case | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.form | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.land | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mass | 232 |
| abstract_inverted_index.more | 281 |
| abstract_inverted_index.part | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rate | 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rock | 113, 126, 149, 217, 231 |
| abstract_inverted_index.time | 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.were | 67, 95, 130, 157, 218, 280 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 6, 190, 205 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.85, | 256 |
| abstract_inverted_index.great | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.grout | 116, 225, 251 |
| abstract_inverted_index.large | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.layer | 135, 241 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mass. | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.often | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.range | 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rate, | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ratio | 118, 223, 249 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rock, | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rock. | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.shear | 107, 211 |
| abstract_inverted_index.solid | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.time, | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.while | 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Hence, | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.before | 233 |
| abstract_inverted_index.buried | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cement | 187, 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effect | 12, 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.method | 22, 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nearby | 270 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ratio, | 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ratio. | 209 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ratios | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sample | 93, 202 |
| abstract_inverted_index.slurry | 86, 188, 200 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study; | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tunnel | 5, 53, 147, 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.vault, | 264 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Haicang | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.adopted | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.arching | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.design. | 275 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effects | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.failure | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.grouted | 111, 215 |
| abstract_inverted_index.initial | 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.provide | 286 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ratios. | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.results | 284 |
| abstract_inverted_index.setting | 88, 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.similar | 297 |
| abstract_inverted_index.spatial | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.studied | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.surface | 258 |
| abstract_inverted_index.through | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Research | 283 |
| abstract_inverted_index.bleeding | 90, 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.collapse | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.grouting | 21, 34, 72, 76, 133, 167, 174, 239, 293 |
| abstract_inverted_index.obtained | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pipeline | 271 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proposed | 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.selected | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.strength | 74, 94, 108, 123, 203, 212, 229 |
| abstract_inverted_index.undersea | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Moreover, | 276 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Numerical | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analysis, | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.decreased | 204 |
| abstract_inverted_index.determine | 70, 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.different | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.difficult | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.examining | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fluidity, | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.grouting. | 234 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increased | 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.influence | 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.numerical | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.performed | 68, 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pipelines | 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.potential | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.projects. | 298 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proposed. | 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reference | 288 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reinforce | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.selection | 171, 291 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stability | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.suggested | 253 |
| abstract_inverted_index.thickness | 136, 237 |
| abstract_inverted_index.viscosity | 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.determined | 219 |
| abstract_inverted_index.excavation | 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increasing | 192, 207 |
| abstract_inverted_index.laboratory | 60, 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.parameters | 36, 109, 176, 213, 295 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reasonable | 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.simulation | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.unconfined | 121, 227 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compressive | 122, 228 |
| abstract_inverted_index.considering | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.deformation | 142, 261, 267 |
| abstract_inverted_index.double-arch | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.economical. | 282 |
| abstract_inverted_index.parameters. | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.prevention. | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.settlement, | 259 |
| abstract_inverted_index.simulations | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.surrounding | 18, 29, 112, 148, 154, 216 |
| abstract_inverted_index.theoretical | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.underground | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.construction | 278 |
| abstract_inverted_index.experiments, | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.experiments. | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.requirements | 279 |
| abstract_inverted_index.significance | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reinforcement | 35, 77, 134, 175, 240, 294 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ultra-shallow | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cross-section, | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reinforcement. | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.water–cement | 83, 117, 139, 193, 208, 222, 248 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 98 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 89 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5074129721 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 7 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I109935558, https://openalex.org/I116953780 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.64339142 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |