Experimental demonstration of quantum encryption in phase space with displacement operator in coherent optical communications Article Swipe
Mostafa Khalil
,
Adrian Chan
,
David V. Plant
,
Lawrence R. Chen
,
Randy Kuang
·
YOU?
·
· 2024
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00260-y
YOU?
·
· 2024
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00260-y
We provide experimental validation of quantum encryption in phase space using displacement operators in coherent states (DOCS) in a conventional coherent optical communication system. The proposed encryption technique is based on displacing the information symbols in the phase space using random phases and amplitudes to achieve encryption randomly and provide security at the physical layer. We also introduce a dual polarization encryption approach where we use two different and random DOCS to encrypt the X and Y polarizations separately. The experimental results show that only authorized users can decrypt the signal correctly, and any mismatch in the displacement operator coefficients, amplitudes, or phases will lead to a bit error ratio (BER) of approximately 50%. We also compare the performance of the system with and without encryption over 80 km of standard-single mode fiber (SSMF) transmission to assess the added penalty of such encryption. The achieved net bit rates are 224, 448, and 560 Gb/s for QPSK, 16QAM, and 32QAM modulation formats, respectively. The experimental results showcase the efficacy of the DOCS encryption technique in resisting various decryption attempts, demonstrating its effectiveness in ensuring the security and confidentiality of transmitted data in a real-world transmission scenario.
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Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00260-y
- https://epjquantumtechnology.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00260-y
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 3
- References
- 34
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4401177218
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
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https://openalex.org/W4401177218Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
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https://doi.org/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00260-yDigital Object Identifier
- Title
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Experimental demonstration of quantum encryption in phase space with displacement operator in coherent optical communicationsWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
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2024Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2024-07-31Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Mostafa Khalil, Adrian Chan, David V. Plant, Lawrence R. Chen, Randy KuangList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00260-yPublisher landing page
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https://epjquantumtechnology.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00260-yDirect link to full text PDF
- Open access
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YesWhether a free full text is available
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goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
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https://epjquantumtechnology.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00260-yDirect OA link when available
- Concepts
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Encryption, Computer science, Quantum cryptography, Electronic engineering, Physics, Computer network, Quantum information, Quantum, Engineering, Quantum mechanicsTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
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3Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
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2025: 3Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
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34Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
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10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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| abstract_inverted_index.DOCS | 71, 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Gb/s | 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.also | 57, 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.data | 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dual | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lead | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mode | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.only | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.over | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.show | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.such | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.will | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(BER) | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.32QAM | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.QPSK, | 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.added | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.based | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.error | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fiber | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.phase | 9, 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rates | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ratio | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.space | 10, 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.users | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.using | 11, 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.where | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(DOCS) | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(SSMF) | 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.16QAM, | 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.assess | 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.layer. | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.phases | 42, 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.random | 41, 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.signal | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.states | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.system | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.achieve | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compare | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.decrypt | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.encrypt | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.optical | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.penalty | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.provide | 2, 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.quantum | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.results | 82, 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.symbols | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.system. | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.various | 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.without | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Abstract | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.achieved | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.approach | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.coherent | 15, 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.efficacy | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ensuring | 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.formats, | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mismatch | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.operator | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.physical | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proposed | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.randomly | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.security | 51, 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.showcase | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.attempts, | 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.different | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.introduce | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.operators | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.resisting | 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.scenario. | 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.technique | 28, 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.amplitudes | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.authorized | 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.correctly, | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.decryption | 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.displacing | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.encryption | 7, 27, 47, 62, 126, 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.modulation | 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.real-world | 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.validation | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.amplitudes, | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.encryption. | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.information | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.performance | 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.separately. | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.transmitted | 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conventional | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.displacement | 12, 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.experimental | 3, 81, 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.polarization | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.transmission | 135, 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.approximately | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.coefficients, | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.communication | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.demonstrating | 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effectiveness | 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.polarizations | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.respectively. | 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.confidentiality | 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.standard-single | 131 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 97 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 96 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5060879211, https://openalex.org/A5024954478 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 5 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210138854, https://openalex.org/I5023651 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.6100000143051147 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Peace, Justice and strong institutions |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.74302544 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |