Explainable Prediction of Long-Term Glycated Hemoglobin Response Change in Finnish Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Following Drug Initiation Using Evidence-Based Machine Learning Approaches Article Swipe

View

Gunjan Chandra , Piia Lavikainen , Pekka Siirtola , Satu Tamminen , Anusha Ihalapathirana , Tiina Laatikainen , Janne Martikainen , Juha Röning ·

YOU? · · 2025 · Open Access · · DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/clep.s505966

Using EHR and ML models allows for the development of more realistic and individualized predictions of HbA1c changes, accounting for more diverse patient populations and their heterogeneous nature, offering more tailored and effective treatment strategies for managing T2D. The use of XAI provided insights into the influence of specific predictors, enhancing model interpretability and clinical relevance. Future research will explore treatment selection models.

Related Topics

Concepts

Glycated hemoglobin Medicine Type 2 diabetes Term (time) Drug Diabetes mellitus Hemoglobin Glycated haemoglobin Internal medicine Pharmacology Bioinformatics Endocrinology Biology Quantum mechanics Physics

Metadata

Type: article
Language: en
Landing Page: https://doi.org/10.2147/clep.s505966
OA Status: gold
Cited By: 3
References: 36
Related Works: 10
OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W4408169966

All OpenAlex metadata

Raw OpenAlex JSON

OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W4408169966

Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/clep.s505966

Digital Object Identifier
Title: Explainable Prediction of Long-Term Glycated Hemoglobin Response Change in Finnish Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Following Drug Initiation Using Evidence-Based Machine Learning Approaches

Work title
Type: article

OpenAlex work type
Language: en

Primary language
Publication year: 2025

Year of publication
Publication date: 2025-03-01

Full publication date if available
Authors: Gunjan Chandra, Piia Lavikainen, Pekka Siirtola, Satu Tamminen, Anusha Ihalapathirana, Tiina Laatikainen, Janne Martikainen, Juha Röning

List of authors in order
Landing page: https://doi.org/10.2147/clep.s505966

Publisher landing page
Open access: Yes

Whether a free full text is available
OA status: gold

Open access status per OpenAlex
OA URL: https://doi.org/10.2147/clep.s505966

Direct OA link when available
Concepts: Glycated hemoglobin, Medicine, Type 2 diabetes, Term (time), Drug, Diabetes mellitus, Hemoglobin, Glycated haemoglobin, Internal medicine, Pharmacology, Bioinformatics, Endocrinology, Biology, Quantum mechanics, Physics

Top concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
Cited by: 3

Total citation count in OpenAlex
Citations by year (recent): 2025: 3

Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
References (count): 36

Number of works referenced by this work
Related works (count): 10

Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex

Full payload

id	https://openalex.org/W4408169966
doi	https://doi.org/10.2147/clep.s505966
ids.doi	https://doi.org/10.2147/clep.s505966
ids.pmid	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40078337
ids.openalex	https://openalex.org/W4408169966
fwci	13.72535572
type	article
title	Explainable Prediction of Long-Term Glycated Hemoglobin Response Change in Finnish Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Following Drug Initiation Using Evidence-Based Machine Learning Approaches
biblio.issue
biblio.volume	Volume 17
biblio.last_page	240
biblio.first_page	225
topics[0].id	https://openalex.org/T10401
topics[0].field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/27
topics[0].field.display_name	Medicine
topics[0].score	0.9988999962806702
topics[0].domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/4
topics[0].domain.display_name	Health Sciences
topics[0].subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/2712
topics[0].subfield.display_name	Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
topics[0].display_name	Diabetes Treatment and Management
topics[1].id	https://openalex.org/T10560
topics[1].field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/27
topics[1].field.display_name	Medicine
topics[1].score	0.9988999962806702
topics[1].domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/4
topics[1].domain.display_name	Health Sciences
topics[1].subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/2712
topics[1].subfield.display_name	Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
topics[1].display_name	Diabetes Management and Research
topics[2].id	https://openalex.org/T10027
topics[2].field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/27
topics[2].field.display_name	Medicine
topics[2].score	0.9930999875068665
topics[2].domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/4
topics[2].domain.display_name	Health Sciences
topics[2].subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/2712
topics[2].subfield.display_name	Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
topics[2].display_name	Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
is_xpac	False
apc_list.value	2836
apc_list.currency	USD
apc_list.value_usd	2836
apc_paid.value	3168
apc_paid.currency	EUR
apc_paid.value_usd	3416
concepts[0].id	https://openalex.org/C2777538456
concepts[0].level	4
concepts[0].score	0.8847471475601196
concepts[0].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q311213
concepts[0].display_name	Glycated hemoglobin
concepts[1].id	https://openalex.org/C71924100
concepts[1].level	0
concepts[1].score	0.8234654664993286
concepts[1].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190
concepts[1].display_name	Medicine
concepts[2].id	https://openalex.org/C2777180221
concepts[2].level	3
concepts[2].score	0.6873060464859009
concepts[2].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883
concepts[2].display_name	Type 2 diabetes
concepts[3].id	https://openalex.org/C61797465
concepts[3].level	2
concepts[3].score	0.6345614194869995
concepts[3].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986
concepts[3].display_name	Term (time)
concepts[4].id	https://openalex.org/C2780035454
concepts[4].level	2
concepts[4].score	0.5466946363449097
concepts[4].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386
concepts[4].display_name	Drug
concepts[5].id	https://openalex.org/C555293320
concepts[5].level	2
concepts[5].score	0.531279444694519
concepts[5].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206
concepts[5].display_name	Diabetes mellitus
concepts[6].id	https://openalex.org/C2778917026
concepts[6].level	2
concepts[6].score	0.49566924571990967
concepts[6].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43041
concepts[6].display_name	Hemoglobin
concepts[7].id	https://openalex.org/C2909938374
concepts[7].level	4
concepts[7].score	0.4906565248966217
concepts[7].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q311213
concepts[7].display_name	Glycated haemoglobin
concepts[8].id	https://openalex.org/C126322002
concepts[8].level	1
concepts[8].score	0.4430193305015564
concepts[8].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180
concepts[8].display_name	Internal medicine
concepts[9].id	https://openalex.org/C98274493
concepts[9].level	1
concepts[9].score	0.33338916301727295
concepts[9].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406
concepts[9].display_name	Pharmacology
concepts[10].id	https://openalex.org/C60644358
concepts[10].level	1
concepts[10].score	0.3306400179862976
concepts[10].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570
concepts[10].display_name	Bioinformatics
concepts[11].id	https://openalex.org/C134018914
concepts[11].level	1
concepts[11].score	0.2826061248779297
concepts[11].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606
concepts[11].display_name	Endocrinology
concepts[12].id	https://openalex.org/C86803240
concepts[12].level	0
concepts[12].score	0.07262399792671204
concepts[12].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420
concepts[12].display_name	Biology
concepts[13].id	https://openalex.org/C62520636
concepts[13].level	1
concepts[13].score	0.0
concepts[13].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944
concepts[13].display_name	Quantum mechanics
concepts[14].id	https://openalex.org/C121332964
concepts[14].level	0
concepts[14].score	0.0
concepts[14].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413
concepts[14].display_name	Physics
keywords[0].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/glycated-hemoglobin
keywords[0].score	0.8847471475601196
keywords[0].display_name	Glycated hemoglobin
keywords[1].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine
keywords[1].score	0.8234654664993286
keywords[1].display_name	Medicine
keywords[2].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/type-2-diabetes
keywords[2].score	0.6873060464859009
keywords[2].display_name	Type 2 diabetes
keywords[3].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/term
keywords[3].score	0.6345614194869995
keywords[3].display_name	Term (time)
keywords[4].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/drug
keywords[4].score	0.5466946363449097
keywords[4].display_name	Drug
keywords[5].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus
keywords[5].score	0.531279444694519
keywords[5].display_name	Diabetes mellitus
keywords[6].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/hemoglobin
keywords[6].score	0.49566924571990967
keywords[6].display_name	Hemoglobin
keywords[7].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/glycated-haemoglobin
keywords[7].score	0.4906565248966217
keywords[7].display_name	Glycated haemoglobin
keywords[8].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine
keywords[8].score	0.4430193305015564
keywords[8].display_name	Internal medicine
keywords[9].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacology
keywords[9].score	0.33338916301727295
keywords[9].display_name	Pharmacology
keywords[10].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/bioinformatics
keywords[10].score	0.3306400179862976
keywords[10].display_name	Bioinformatics
keywords[11].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/endocrinology
keywords[11].score	0.2826061248779297
keywords[11].display_name	Endocrinology
keywords[12].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/biology
keywords[12].score	0.07262399792671204
keywords[12].display_name	Biology
language	en
locations[0].id	doi:10.2147/clep.s505966
locations[0].is_oa	True
locations[0].source.id	https://openalex.org/S2736481244
locations[0].source.issn	1179-1349
locations[0].source.type	journal
locations[0].source.is_oa	True
locations[0].source.issn_l	1179-1349
locations[0].source.is_core	True
locations[0].source.is_in_doaj	True
locations[0].source.display_name	Clinical Epidemiology
locations[0].source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/P4310320348
locations[0].source.host_organization_name	Dove Medical Press
locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/P4310320348
locations[0].license
locations[0].pdf_url
locations[0].version	publishedVersion
locations[0].raw_type	journal-article
locations[0].license_id
locations[0].is_accepted	True
locations[0].is_published	True
locations[0].raw_source_name	Clinical Epidemiology
locations[0].landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.2147/clep.s505966
locations[1].id	pmid:40078337
locations[1].is_oa	False
locations[1].source.id	https://openalex.org/S4306525036
locations[1].source.issn
locations[1].source.type	repository
locations[1].source.is_oa	False
locations[1].source.issn_l
locations[1].source.is_core	False
locations[1].source.is_in_doaj	False
locations[1].source.display_name	PubMed
locations[1].source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/I1299303238
locations[1].source.host_organization_name	National Institutes of Health
locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/I1299303238
locations[1].license
locations[1].pdf_url
locations[1].version	publishedVersion
locations[1].raw_type
locations[1].license_id
locations[1].is_accepted	True
locations[1].is_published	True
locations[1].raw_source_name	Clinical epidemiology
locations[1].landing_page_url	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40078337
locations[2].id	pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11899941
locations[2].is_oa	True
locations[2].source.id	https://openalex.org/S2764455111
locations[2].source.issn
locations[2].source.type	repository
locations[2].source.is_oa	False
locations[2].source.issn_l
locations[2].source.is_core	False
locations[2].source.is_in_doaj	False
locations[2].source.display_name	PubMed Central
locations[2].source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/I1299303238
locations[2].source.host_organization_name	National Institutes of Health
locations[2].source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/I1299303238
locations[2].license
locations[2].pdf_url
locations[2].version	submittedVersion
locations[2].raw_type	Text
locations[2].license_id
locations[2].is_accepted	False
locations[2].is_published	False
locations[2].raw_source_name	Clin Epidemiol
locations[2].landing_page_url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11899941
indexed_in	crossref, doaj, pubmed
authorships[0].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5048933661
authorships[0].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0051-0268
authorships[0].author.display_name	Gunjan Chandra
authorships[0].countries	FI
authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I98381234
authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Biomimetics and Intelligent Systems Group, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
authorships[0].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I98381234
authorships[0].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/03yj89h83
authorships[0].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I98381234
authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code	FI
authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name	University of Oulu
authorships[0].author_position	first
authorships[0].raw_author_name	Gunjan Chandra
authorships[0].is_corresponding	False
authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings	Biomimetics and Intelligent Systems Group, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
authorships[1].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5071895842
authorships[1].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3560-8860
authorships[1].author.display_name	Piia Lavikainen
authorships[1].countries	FI
authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I175532246
authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
authorships[1].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I175532246
authorships[1].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/00cyydd11
authorships[1].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I175532246
authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code	FI
authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name	University of Eastern Finland
authorships[1].author_position	middle
authorships[1].raw_author_name	Piia Lavikainen
authorships[1].is_corresponding	False
authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings	School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
authorships[2].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5069221764
authorships[2].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5995-5421
authorships[2].author.display_name	Pekka Siirtola
authorships[2].countries	FI
authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I98381234
authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Biomimetics and Intelligent Systems Group, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
authorships[2].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I98381234
authorships[2].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/03yj89h83
authorships[2].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I98381234
authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code	FI
authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name	University of Oulu
authorships[2].author_position	middle
authorships[2].raw_author_name	Pekka Siirtola
authorships[2].is_corresponding	False
authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings	Biomimetics and Intelligent Systems Group, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
authorships[3].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5083376430
authorships[3].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5215-6889
authorships[3].author.display_name	Satu Tamminen
authorships[3].countries	FI
authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I98381234
authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Biomimetics and Intelligent Systems Group, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
authorships[3].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I98381234
authorships[3].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/03yj89h83
authorships[3].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I98381234
authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code	FI
authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name	University of Oulu
authorships[3].author_position	middle
authorships[3].raw_author_name	Satu Tamminen
authorships[3].is_corresponding	False
authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings	Biomimetics and Intelligent Systems Group, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
authorships[4].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5087172665
authorships[4].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3276-2056
authorships[4].author.display_name	Anusha Ihalapathirana
authorships[4].countries	FI
authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I98381234
authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Biomimetics and Intelligent Systems Group, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
authorships[4].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I98381234
authorships[4].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/03yj89h83
authorships[4].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I98381234
authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code	FI
authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name	University of Oulu
authorships[4].author_position	middle
authorships[4].raw_author_name	Anusha Ihalapathirana
authorships[4].is_corresponding	False
authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings	Biomimetics and Intelligent Systems Group, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
authorships[5].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5027454073
authorships[5].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6614-4782
authorships[5].author.display_name	Tiina Laatikainen
authorships[5].countries	FI
authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I4210089552
authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	North Karelia Wellbeing Services County (Siun Sote), Joensuu, Finland.
authorships[5].affiliations[1].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I175532246
authorships[5].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string	Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
authorships[5].affiliations[2].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I39624965
authorships[5].affiliations[2].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Public Health and Social Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
authorships[5].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I39624965
authorships[5].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/03tf0c761
authorships[5].institutions[0].type	government
authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I39624965
authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code	FI
authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name	Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare
authorships[5].institutions[1].id	https://openalex.org/I4210089552
authorships[5].institutions[1].ror	https://ror.org/007vcvm35
authorships[5].institutions[1].type	healthcare
authorships[5].institutions[1].lineage	https://openalex.org/I4210089552
authorships[5].institutions[1].country_code	FI
authorships[5].institutions[1].display_name	North Karelia Central Hospital
authorships[5].institutions[2].id	https://openalex.org/I175532246
authorships[5].institutions[2].ror	https://ror.org/00cyydd11
authorships[5].institutions[2].type	education
authorships[5].institutions[2].lineage	https://openalex.org/I175532246
authorships[5].institutions[2].country_code	FI
authorships[5].institutions[2].display_name	University of Eastern Finland
authorships[5].author_position	middle
authorships[5].raw_author_name	Tiina Laatikainen
authorships[5].is_corresponding	False
authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Public Health and Social Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland., Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland., North Karelia Wellbeing Services County (Siun Sote), Joensuu, Finland.
authorships[6].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5063275766
authorships[6].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0855-3921
authorships[6].author.display_name	Janne Martikainen
authorships[6].countries	FI
authorships[6].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I175532246
authorships[6].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
authorships[6].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I175532246
authorships[6].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/00cyydd11
authorships[6].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[6].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I175532246
authorships[6].institutions[0].country_code	FI
authorships[6].institutions[0].display_name	University of Eastern Finland
authorships[6].author_position	middle
authorships[6].raw_author_name	Janne Martikainen
authorships[6].is_corresponding	False
authorships[6].raw_affiliation_strings	School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
authorships[7].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5070507098
authorships[7].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9993-8602
authorships[7].author.display_name	Juha Röning
authorships[7].countries	FI
authorships[7].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I98381234
authorships[7].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Biomimetics and Intelligent Systems Group, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
authorships[7].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I98381234
authorships[7].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/03yj89h83
authorships[7].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[7].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I98381234
authorships[7].institutions[0].country_code	FI
authorships[7].institutions[0].display_name	University of Oulu
authorships[7].author_position	last
authorships[7].raw_author_name	Juha Röning
authorships[7].is_corresponding	False
authorships[7].raw_affiliation_strings	Biomimetics and Intelligent Systems Group, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
has_content.pdf	False
has_content.grobid_xml	False
is_paratext	False
open_access.is_oa	True
open_access.oa_url	https://doi.org/10.2147/clep.s505966
open_access.oa_status	gold
open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext	False
created_date	2025-10-10T00:00:00
display_name	Explainable Prediction of Long-Term Glycated Hemoglobin Response Change in Finnish Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Following Drug Initiation Using Evidence-Based Machine Learning Approaches
has_fulltext	False
is_retracted	False
updated_date	2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776
primary_topic.id	https://openalex.org/T10401
primary_topic.field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/27
primary_topic.field.display_name	Medicine
primary_topic.score	0.9988999962806702
primary_topic.domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/4
primary_topic.domain.display_name	Health Sciences
primary_topic.subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/2712
primary_topic.subfield.display_name	Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
primary_topic.display_name	Diabetes Treatment and Management
related_works	https://openalex.org/W1974436261, https://openalex.org/W2381483137, https://openalex.org/W2906553161, https://openalex.org/W4296702771, https://openalex.org/W2793713272, https://openalex.org/W2418292593, https://openalex.org/W2272854804, https://openalex.org/W2739875637, https://openalex.org/W4245899476, https://openalex.org/W3004843921
cited_by_count	3
counts_by_year[0].year	2025
counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count	3
locations_count	3
best_oa_location.id	doi:10.2147/clep.s505966
best_oa_location.is_oa	True
best_oa_location.source.id	https://openalex.org/S2736481244
best_oa_location.source.issn	1179-1349
best_oa_location.source.type	journal
best_oa_location.source.is_oa	True
best_oa_location.source.issn_l	1179-1349
best_oa_location.source.is_core	True
best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj	True
best_oa_location.source.display_name	Clinical Epidemiology
best_oa_location.source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/P4310320348
best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name	Dove Medical Press
best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/P4310320348
best_oa_location.license
best_oa_location.pdf_url
best_oa_location.version	publishedVersion
best_oa_location.raw_type	journal-article
best_oa_location.license_id
best_oa_location.is_accepted	True
best_oa_location.is_published	True
best_oa_location.raw_source_name	Clinical Epidemiology
best_oa_location.landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.2147/clep.s505966
primary_location.id	doi:10.2147/clep.s505966
primary_location.is_oa	True
primary_location.source.id	https://openalex.org/S2736481244
primary_location.source.issn	1179-1349
primary_location.source.type	journal
primary_location.source.is_oa	True
primary_location.source.issn_l	1179-1349
primary_location.source.is_core	True
primary_location.source.is_in_doaj	True
primary_location.source.display_name	Clinical Epidemiology
primary_location.source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/P4310320348
primary_location.source.host_organization_name	Dove Medical Press
primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/P4310320348
primary_location.license
primary_location.pdf_url
primary_location.version	publishedVersion
primary_location.raw_type	journal-article
primary_location.license_id
primary_location.is_accepted	True
primary_location.is_published	True
primary_location.raw_source_name	Clinical Epidemiology
primary_location.landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.2147/clep.s505966
publication_date	2025-03-01
publication_year	2025
referenced_works	https://openalex.org/W2079435918, https://openalex.org/W4283801516, https://openalex.org/W2899649350, https://openalex.org/W2890857765, https://openalex.org/W2968941377, https://openalex.org/W2912843318, https://openalex.org/W4210447482, https://openalex.org/W2150525892, https://openalex.org/W4380989287, https://openalex.org/W3123796673, https://openalex.org/W3095223882, https://openalex.org/W4229332385, https://openalex.org/W3023471002, https://openalex.org/W4309648555, https://openalex.org/W2789777142, https://openalex.org/W3037508799, https://openalex.org/W2104288577, https://openalex.org/W2161852973, https://openalex.org/W2113901579, https://openalex.org/W2151668968, https://openalex.org/W2889345352, https://openalex.org/W2096863518, https://openalex.org/W2181523240, https://openalex.org/W3022436500, https://openalex.org/W2911964244, https://openalex.org/W2056132907, https://openalex.org/W4386498855, https://openalex.org/W2156355127, https://openalex.org/W2149424508, https://openalex.org/W3199474026, https://openalex.org/W2066809635, https://openalex.org/W2786448024, https://openalex.org/W2026049305, https://openalex.org/W4295809583, https://openalex.org/W2743088090, https://openalex.org/W4226276762
referenced_works_count	36
abstract_inverted_index.ML	3
abstract_inverted_index.of	9, 15, 40, 47
abstract_inverted_index.EHR	1
abstract_inverted_index.The	38
abstract_inverted_index.XAI	41
abstract_inverted_index.and	2, 12, 24, 31, 53
abstract_inverted_index.for	6, 19, 35
abstract_inverted_index.the	7, 45
abstract_inverted_index.use	39
abstract_inverted_index.T2D.	37
abstract_inverted_index.into	44
abstract_inverted_index.more	10, 20, 29
abstract_inverted_index.will	58
abstract_inverted_index.HbA1c	16
abstract_inverted_index.Using	0
abstract_inverted_index.model	51
abstract_inverted_index.their	25
abstract_inverted_index.Future	56
abstract_inverted_index.allows	5
abstract_inverted_index.models	4
abstract_inverted_index.diverse	21
abstract_inverted_index.explore	59
abstract_inverted_index.models.	62
abstract_inverted_index.nature,	27
abstract_inverted_index.patient	22
abstract_inverted_index.changes,	17
abstract_inverted_index.clinical	54
abstract_inverted_index.insights	43
abstract_inverted_index.managing	36
abstract_inverted_index.offering	28
abstract_inverted_index.provided	42
abstract_inverted_index.research	57
abstract_inverted_index.specific	48
abstract_inverted_index.tailored	30
abstract_inverted_index.effective	32
abstract_inverted_index.enhancing	50
abstract_inverted_index.influence	46
abstract_inverted_index.realistic	11
abstract_inverted_index.selection	61
abstract_inverted_index.treatment	33, 60
abstract_inverted_index.accounting	18
abstract_inverted_index.relevance.	55
abstract_inverted_index.strategies	34
abstract_inverted_index.development	8
abstract_inverted_index.populations	23
abstract_inverted_index.predictions	14
abstract_inverted_index.predictors,	49
abstract_inverted_index.heterogeneous	26
abstract_inverted_index.individualized	13
abstract_inverted_index.interpretability	52
cited_by_percentile_year.max	97
cited_by_percentile_year.min	96
countries_distinct_count	1
institutions_distinct_count	8
citation_normalized_percentile.value	0.95963187
citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent	False
citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent	True