Exploring brushing and questionnaire data from a feasibility randomised control trial of a school-based smart, connected toothbrushing program Article Swipe
Michaela Goodwin
,
George Kitsaras
,
Mohammad Muzammil
,
Nicola Boothman
,
Juliana Gómez
,
Beulah Amulyavathi Gangaraju
,
Tanya Walsh
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06581-3
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06581-3
Background Children’s oral health continues to be a key issue, with dental caries remaining one of the most prevalent non-communicable diseases. One of the main ways to prevent dental caries is to carry out adequate toothbrushing with fluoridated toothpaste. Connected or ‘smart’ toothbrushes can provide real-time feedback on brushing behaviour to individuals or be used to provide feedback to groups for example within a school setting. This study aimed to identify the engagement level of school children with a smart, connected toothbrush, explore brushing frequency, timing, coverage, and duration during the research period, and compare data to observed changes over time. Methods Data on brushing behaviour were obtained from a feasibility cluster randomised controlled trial exploring smart, connected toothbrush use in a school-based brushing programme. Participants, aged 8–11 with access to a smart device, were recruited from six primary schools located in deprived areas of Manchester, England. Randomisation at the school level allocated participants to receive either a smart, connected toothbrush and text message intervention (intervention group) or the smart, connected toothbrush only (control group). Results Of the 409 participants provided with a smart, connected toothbrush, 289 (71%) connected and used the device during the study. Of those who engaged with the connected devices, participants brushed at least twice a day on 48.2% of the days they brushed. On completed questionnaires, 78.8% of parents indicated their children brushed their teeth twice a day. Brushing frequency appeared to decrease over the weekends, particularly on weekend mornings. Conclusions The results from this feasibility trial suggest that toothbrushing habits remain a fundamental area of importance, with a substantial proportion of children not brushing according to recommendations. Not all children connected or consistently used their devices during the study. Twice-daily brushing was infrequently recorded. Consideration must be given to the potential omission of brushing sessions, as the data may miss out sessions until the user syncs the brush with the app. Further research is needed to identify how frequency of brushing, particularly at the weekends, could be improved. Registration The study was retrospectively registered at ISRCTN, registration number ISRCTN77803149 on 28/12/2023.
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Concepts
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06581-3
- https://bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12903-025-06581-3
- OA Status
- gold
- References
- 22
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4413257219
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4413257219Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06581-3Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Exploring brushing and questionnaire data from a feasibility randomised control trial of a school-based smart, connected toothbrushing programWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2025Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2025-08-15Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Michaela Goodwin, George Kitsaras, Mohammad Muzammil, Nicola Boothman, Juliana Gómez, Beulah Amulyavathi Gangaraju, Tanya WalshList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06581-3Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
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https://bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12903-025-06581-3Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
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YesWhether a free full text is available
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-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
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https://bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12903-025-06581-3Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
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Toothbrush, Medicine, Tooth brushing, Randomized controlled trial, Intervention (counseling), Cluster randomised controlled trial, Physical therapy, Family medicine, Dentistry, Nursing, Brush, Surgery, Electrical engineering, EngineeringTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
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0Total citation count in OpenAlex
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22Number of works referenced by this work
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10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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| abstract_inverted_index.toothbrush | 119, 161, 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.28/12/2023. | 347 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Conclusions | 246 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Manchester, | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Twice-daily | 286 |
| abstract_inverted_index.feasibility | 111, 251 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fluoridated | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fundamental | 259 |
| abstract_inverted_index.importance, | 262 |
| abstract_inverted_index.individuals | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.substantial | 265 |
| abstract_inverted_index.toothbrush, | 82, 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.toothpaste. | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.‘smart’ | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Children’s | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Registration | 335 |
| abstract_inverted_index.consistently | 279 |
| abstract_inverted_index.infrequently | 289 |
| abstract_inverted_index.intervention | 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.participants | 154, 180, 205 |
| abstract_inverted_index.particularly | 242, 328 |
| abstract_inverted_index.registration | 343 |
| abstract_inverted_index.school-based | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.toothbrushes | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(intervention | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Consideration | 291 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Participants, | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Randomisation | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.toothbrushing | 36, 255 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ISRCTN77803149 | 345 |
| abstract_inverted_index.questionnaires, | 221 |
| abstract_inverted_index.retrospectively | 339 |
| abstract_inverted_index.non-communicable | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.recommendations. | 273 |
| cited_by_percentile_year | |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 7 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.7400000095367432 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Quality Education |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.41867106 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |