Extracellular Vesicles in Viral Infections of the Nervous System Article Swipe
Naseer A. Kutchy
,
Eric S. Peeples
,
Susmita Sil
,
Ke Liao
,
Ernest T. Chivero
,
Guoku Hu
,
Shilpa Buch
·
YOU?
·
· 2020
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/v12070700
YOU?
·
· 2020
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/v12070700
Almost all types of cells release extracellular vesicles (EVs) into the extracellular space. EVs such as exosomes and microvesicles are membrane-bound vesicles ranging in size from 30 to 1000 nm in diameter. Under normal conditions, EVs mediate cell to cell as well as inter-organ communication via the shuttling of their cargoes which include RNA, DNA and proteins. Under pathological conditions, however, the number, size and content of EVs are found to be altered and have been shown to play crucial roles in disease progression. Emerging studies have demonstrated that EVs are involved in many aspects of viral infection-mediated neurodegenerative diseases. In the current review, we will describe the interactions between EV biogenesis and the release of virus particles while also reviewing the role of EVs in various viral infections, such as HIV-1, HTLV, Zika, CMV, EBV, Hepatitis B and C, JCV, and HSV-1. We will also discuss the potential uses of EVs and their cargoes as biomarkers and therapeutic vehicles for viral infections.
Related Topics
Concepts
Microvesicles
Extracellular vesicles
Biogenesis
Extracellular vesicle
Biology
Extracellular
Cell biology
Exosome
Virology
Vesicle
microRNA
Genetics
Gene
Membrane
Metadata
- Type
- review
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/v12070700
- https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/7/700/pdf?version=1593604607
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 38
- References
- 217
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W3037569256
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W3037569256Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/v12070700Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Extracellular Vesicles in Viral Infections of the Nervous SystemWork title
- Type
-
reviewOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2020Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2020-06-28Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Naseer A. Kutchy, Eric S. Peeples, Susmita Sil, Ke Liao, Ernest T. Chivero, Guoku Hu, Shilpa BuchList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/v12070700Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/7/700/pdf?version=1593604607Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/7/700/pdf?version=1593604607Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Microvesicles, Extracellular vesicles, Biogenesis, Extracellular vesicle, Biology, Extracellular, Cell biology, Exosome, Virology, Vesicle, microRNA, Genetics, Gene, MembraneTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
38Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 9, 2024: 9, 2023: 7, 2022: 4, 2021: 5Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
217Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W3037569256 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/v12070700 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/v12070700 |
| ids.mag | 3037569256 |
| ids.pmid | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32605316 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W3037569256 |
| fwci | 1.95053946 |
| mesh[0].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[0].descriptor_ui | D000818 |
| mesh[0].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[0].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[0].descriptor_name | Animals |
| mesh[1].qualifier_ui | Q000821 |
| mesh[1].descriptor_ui | D055354 |
| mesh[1].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[1].qualifier_name | virology |
| mesh[1].descriptor_name | Exosomes |
| mesh[2].qualifier_ui | Q000821 |
| mesh[2].descriptor_ui | D000067128 |
| mesh[2].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[2].qualifier_name | virology |
| mesh[2].descriptor_name | Extracellular Vesicles |
| mesh[3].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[3].descriptor_ui | D006801 |
| mesh[3].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[3].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[3].descriptor_name | Humans |
| mesh[4].qualifier_ui | Q000821 |
| mesh[4].descriptor_ui | D019636 |
| mesh[4].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[4].qualifier_name | virology |
| mesh[4].descriptor_name | Neurodegenerative Diseases |
| mesh[5].qualifier_ui | Q000821 |
| mesh[5].descriptor_ui | D014777 |
| mesh[5].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[5].qualifier_name | virology |
| mesh[5].descriptor_name | Virus Diseases |
| mesh[6].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[6].descriptor_ui | D018406 |
| mesh[6].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[6].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[6].descriptor_name | Virus Physiological Phenomena |
| mesh[7].qualifier_ui | Q000235 |
| mesh[7].descriptor_ui | D014780 |
| mesh[7].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[7].qualifier_name | genetics |
| mesh[7].descriptor_name | Viruses |
| mesh[8].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[8].descriptor_ui | D000818 |
| mesh[8].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[8].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[8].descriptor_name | Animals |
| mesh[9].qualifier_ui | Q000821 |
| mesh[9].descriptor_ui | D055354 |
| mesh[9].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[9].qualifier_name | virology |
| mesh[9].descriptor_name | Exosomes |
| mesh[10].qualifier_ui | Q000821 |
| mesh[10].descriptor_ui | D000067128 |
| mesh[10].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[10].qualifier_name | virology |
| mesh[10].descriptor_name | Extracellular Vesicles |
| mesh[11].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[11].descriptor_ui | D006801 |
| mesh[11].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[11].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[11].descriptor_name | Humans |
| mesh[12].qualifier_ui | Q000821 |
| mesh[12].descriptor_ui | D019636 |
| mesh[12].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[12].qualifier_name | virology |
| mesh[12].descriptor_name | Neurodegenerative Diseases |
| mesh[13].qualifier_ui | Q000821 |
| mesh[13].descriptor_ui | D014777 |
| mesh[13].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[13].qualifier_name | virology |
| mesh[13].descriptor_name | Virus Diseases |
| mesh[14].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[14].descriptor_ui | D018406 |
| mesh[14].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[14].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[14].descriptor_name | Virus Physiological Phenomena |
| mesh[15].qualifier_ui | Q000235 |
| mesh[15].descriptor_ui | D014780 |
| mesh[15].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[15].qualifier_name | genetics |
| mesh[15].descriptor_name | Viruses |
| type | review |
| title | Extracellular Vesicles in Viral Infections of the Nervous System |
| biblio.issue | 7 |
| biblio.volume | 12 |
| biblio.last_page | 700 |
| biblio.first_page | 700 |
| grants[0].funder | https://openalex.org/F4320332161 |
| grants[0].award_id | 2P30MH062261 |
| grants[0].funder_display_name | National Institutes of Health |
| grants[1].funder | https://openalex.org/F4320332161 |
| grants[1].award_id | DA040397 |
| grants[1].funder_display_name | National Institutes of Health |
| grants[2].funder | https://openalex.org/F4320332161 |
| grants[2].award_id | DA042704 |
| grants[2].funder_display_name | National Institutes of Health |
| grants[3].funder | https://openalex.org/F4320332161 |
| grants[3].award_id | DA043138 |
| grants[3].funder_display_name | National Institutes of Health |
| grants[4].funder | https://openalex.org/F4320332161 |
| grants[4].award_id | DA046831 |
| grants[4].funder_display_name | National Institutes of Health |
| grants[5].funder | https://openalex.org/F4320332161 |
| grants[5].award_id | DA050545 |
| grants[5].funder_display_name | National Institutes of Health |
| grants[6].funder | https://openalex.org/F4320332161 |
| grants[6].award_id | MH112848 |
| grants[6].funder_display_name | National Institutes of Health |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10773 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology |
| topics[0].score | 1.0 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/1 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Life Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1312 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Molecular Biology |
| topics[0].display_name | Extracellular vesicles in disease |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T12047 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Medicine |
| topics[1].score | 0.9962999820709229 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2725 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Infectious Diseases |
| topics[1].display_name | Viral Infections and Vectors |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T11765 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology |
| topics[2].score | 0.9940999746322632 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/1 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Life Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1312 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Molecular Biology |
| topics[2].display_name | Circular RNAs in diseases |
| funders[0].id | https://openalex.org/F4320332161 |
| funders[0].ror | https://ror.org/01cwqze88 |
| funders[0].display_name | National Institutes of Health |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 2600 |
| apc_list.currency | CHF |
| apc_list.value_usd | 2815 |
| apc_paid.value | 2600 |
| apc_paid.currency | CHF |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 2815 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C20518536 |
| concepts[0].level | 4 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.8856655359268188 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6840469 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Microvesicles |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C2992929900 |
| concepts[1].level | 2 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.6927751302719116 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21097485 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Extracellular vesicles |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C131934819 |
| concepts[2].level | 3 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.6881709098815918 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135390 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Biogenesis |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C2908689518 |
| concepts[3].level | 5 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.6733609437942505 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21097485 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Extracellular vesicle |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C86803240 |
| concepts[4].level | 0 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.5850363373756409 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Biology |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C28406088 |
| concepts[5].level | 2 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.5720939636230469 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5571762 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Extracellular |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C95444343 |
| concepts[6].level | 1 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.5194313526153564 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Cell biology |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C2781261824 |
| concepts[7].level | 5 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.48963719606399536 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q903634 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Exosome |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C159047783 |
| concepts[8].level | 1 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.4232587516307831 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Virology |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C130316041 |
| concepts[9].level | 3 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.4129982590675354 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189206 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Vesicle |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C145059251 |
| concepts[10].level | 3 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.20205649733543396 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310899 |
| concepts[10].display_name | microRNA |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C54355233 |
| concepts[11].level | 1 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.08460366725921631 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Genetics |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C104317684 |
| concepts[12].level | 2 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Gene |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C41625074 |
| concepts[13].level | 2 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176088 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Membrane |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/microvesicles |
| keywords[0].score | 0.8856655359268188 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Microvesicles |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/extracellular-vesicles |
| keywords[1].score | 0.6927751302719116 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Extracellular vesicles |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/biogenesis |
| keywords[2].score | 0.6881709098815918 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Biogenesis |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/extracellular-vesicle |
| keywords[3].score | 0.6733609437942505 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Extracellular vesicle |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/biology |
| keywords[4].score | 0.5850363373756409 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Biology |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/extracellular |
| keywords[5].score | 0.5720939636230469 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Extracellular |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-biology |
| keywords[6].score | 0.5194313526153564 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Cell biology |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/exosome |
| keywords[7].score | 0.48963719606399536 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Exosome |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/virology |
| keywords[8].score | 0.4232587516307831 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Virology |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/vesicle |
| keywords[9].score | 0.4129982590675354 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Vesicle |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/microrna |
| keywords[10].score | 0.20205649733543396 |
| keywords[10].display_name | microRNA |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics |
| keywords[11].score | 0.08460366725921631 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Genetics |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.3390/v12070700 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S55776271 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 1999-4915 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 1999-4915 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Viruses |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/7/700/pdf?version=1593604607 |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Viruses |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/v12070700 |
| locations[1].id | pmid:32605316 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306525036 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | PubMed |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | True |
| locations[1].is_published | True |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | Viruses |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32605316 |
| locations[2].id | pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5366de901fd345958a8a80c4441dbe48 |
| locations[2].is_oa | True |
| locations[2].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401280 |
| locations[2].source.issn | |
| locations[2].source.type | repository |
| locations[2].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.issn_l | |
| locations[2].source.is_core | False |
| locations[2].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[2].source.display_name | DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
| locations[2].source.host_organization | |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_lineage | |
| locations[2].license | cc-by-sa |
| locations[2].pdf_url | |
| locations[2].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | article |
| locations[2].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa |
| locations[2].is_accepted | False |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | Viruses, Vol 12, Iss 7, p 700 (2020) |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | https://doaj.org/article/5366de901fd345958a8a80c4441dbe48 |
| locations[3].id | pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-4915/12/7/700/ |
| locations[3].is_oa | True |
| locations[3].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400947 |
| locations[3].source.issn | |
| locations[3].source.type | repository |
| locations[3].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[3].source.issn_l | |
| locations[3].source.is_core | False |
| locations[3].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[3].source.display_name | MDPI (MDPI AG) |
| locations[3].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I4210097602 |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland) |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210097602 |
| locations[3].license | cc-by |
| locations[3].pdf_url | |
| locations[3].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[3].raw_type | Text |
| locations[3].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[3].is_accepted | False |
| locations[3].is_published | False |
| locations[3].raw_source_name | Viruses |
| locations[3].landing_page_url | http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12070700 |
| locations[4].id | pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7411781 |
| locations[4].is_oa | True |
| locations[4].source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764455111 |
| locations[4].source.issn | |
| locations[4].source.type | repository |
| locations[4].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[4].source.issn_l | |
| locations[4].source.is_core | False |
| locations[4].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[4].source.display_name | PubMed Central |
| locations[4].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[4].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[4].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[4].license | other-oa |
| locations[4].pdf_url | |
| locations[4].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[4].raw_type | Text |
| locations[4].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa |
| locations[4].is_accepted | False |
| locations[4].is_published | False |
| locations[4].raw_source_name | Viruses |
| locations[4].landing_page_url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7411781 |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj, pubmed |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5050706333 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7845-4294 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Naseer A. Kutchy |
| authorships[0].countries | US |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I59130452 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I59130452 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00thqtb16 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I59130452 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | University of Nebraska Medical Center |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Naseer A. Kutchy |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5071686356 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2892-2678 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Eric S. Peeples |
| authorships[1].countries | US |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I59130452 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I59130452 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00thqtb16 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I59130452 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | University of Nebraska Medical Center |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Eric S. Peeples |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5008811013 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8941-985X |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Susmita Sil |
| authorships[2].countries | US |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I59130452 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I59130452 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00thqtb16 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I59130452 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | University of Nebraska Medical Center |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Susmita Sil |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5070954727 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3475-9598 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Ke Liao |
| authorships[3].countries | US |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I59130452 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I59130452 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00thqtb16 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I59130452 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | University of Nebraska Medical Center |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Ke Liao |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5063783473 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1136-2114 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Ernest T. Chivero |
| authorships[4].countries | US |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I59130452 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I59130452 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00thqtb16 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I59130452 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | University of Nebraska Medical Center |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Ernest T. Chivero |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5025977895 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4792-0416 |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | Guoku Hu |
| authorships[5].countries | US |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I59130452 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I59130452 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00thqtb16 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I59130452 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name | University of Nebraska Medical Center |
| authorships[5].author_position | middle |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | Guoku Hu |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA |
| authorships[6].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5053649150 |
| authorships[6].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3103-6685 |
| authorships[6].author.display_name | Shilpa Buch |
| authorships[6].countries | US |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I59130452 |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I59130452 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00thqtb16 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I59130452 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].display_name | University of Nebraska Medical Center |
| authorships[6].author_position | last |
| authorships[6].raw_author_name | Shilpa Buch |
| authorships[6].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[6].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/7/700/pdf?version=1593604607 |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Extracellular Vesicles in Viral Infections of the Nervous System |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10773 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology |
| primary_topic.score | 1.0 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/1 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Life Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1312 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Molecular Biology |
| primary_topic.display_name | Extracellular vesicles in disease |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2004257346, https://openalex.org/W2794306047, https://openalex.org/W4224608758, https://openalex.org/W3008588181, https://openalex.org/W4386033707, https://openalex.org/W4381617892, https://openalex.org/W4378176405, https://openalex.org/W2962176767, https://openalex.org/W4391137145, https://openalex.org/W4237126356 |
| cited_by_count | 38 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 9 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 9 |
| counts_by_year[2].year | 2023 |
| counts_by_year[2].cited_by_count | 7 |
| counts_by_year[3].year | 2022 |
| counts_by_year[3].cited_by_count | 4 |
| counts_by_year[4].year | 2021 |
| counts_by_year[4].cited_by_count | 5 |
| counts_by_year[5].year | 2020 |
| counts_by_year[5].cited_by_count | 4 |
| locations_count | 5 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.3390/v12070700 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S55776271 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 1999-4915 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 1999-4915 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Viruses |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/7/700/pdf?version=1593604607 |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Viruses |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/v12070700 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.3390/v12070700 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S55776271 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 1999-4915 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 1999-4915 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Viruses |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/7/700/pdf?version=1593604607 |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Viruses |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/v12070700 |
| publication_date | 2020-06-28 |
| publication_year | 2020 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W2107008239, https://openalex.org/W2061104922, https://openalex.org/W2071520532, https://openalex.org/W2030701238, https://openalex.org/W2136601868, https://openalex.org/W2090388045, https://openalex.org/W2971286050, https://openalex.org/W2701107559, https://openalex.org/W2155366992, https://openalex.org/W2045606151, https://openalex.org/W2167056256, https://openalex.org/W1974035668, https://openalex.org/W1991316122, https://openalex.org/W2186245672, https://openalex.org/W2802105343, https://openalex.org/W2066624075, https://openalex.org/W2066234893, https://openalex.org/W2166846320, https://openalex.org/W2033612573, https://openalex.org/W1542448731, https://openalex.org/W2068502683, https://openalex.org/W2604883943, https://openalex.org/W2900756811, https://openalex.org/W2933304441, https://openalex.org/W1982606786, https://openalex.org/W1543846943, https://openalex.org/W301388723, https://openalex.org/W2119764013, https://openalex.org/W1589968217, https://openalex.org/W2341841341, https://openalex.org/W2786514708, https://openalex.org/W2036073789, https://openalex.org/W2014855123, https://openalex.org/W2121354606, https://openalex.org/W2106768517, https://openalex.org/W1879553156, https://openalex.org/W2074130602, https://openalex.org/W2609372546, https://openalex.org/W2124377305, https://openalex.org/W2149806687, https://openalex.org/W2149612630, https://openalex.org/W2166370479, https://openalex.org/W1522977578, https://openalex.org/W2038363115, https://openalex.org/W2002381405, https://openalex.org/W2041302454, https://openalex.org/W2027167191, https://openalex.org/W2089554126, https://openalex.org/W2015863723, https://openalex.org/W1990126716, https://openalex.org/W1968201178, https://openalex.org/W2101097520, https://openalex.org/W2255129352, https://openalex.org/W6689334479, https://openalex.org/W2093013992, https://openalex.org/W2149607490, https://openalex.org/W2410163854, https://openalex.org/W2495898729, https://openalex.org/W2514207301, https://openalex.org/W2556314092, https://openalex.org/W2611417492, https://openalex.org/W2143580680, https://openalex.org/W2375344191, https://openalex.org/W2883076938, https://openalex.org/W2023257875, https://openalex.org/W2944136842, https://openalex.org/W2993715421, https://openalex.org/W1555041989, https://openalex.org/W2320154784, https://openalex.org/W2624783747, https://openalex.org/W2076103684, https://openalex.org/W2285852644, https://openalex.org/W2135752614, https://openalex.org/W2099491642, https://openalex.org/W2035861820, https://openalex.org/W2371549154, https://openalex.org/W2784949616, https://openalex.org/W2037703878, https://openalex.org/W6728718968, https://openalex.org/W2212275142, https://openalex.org/W2026706842, https://openalex.org/W1991259997, https://openalex.org/W2806698213, https://openalex.org/W2101947529, https://openalex.org/W2184877360, https://openalex.org/W2010049989, https://openalex.org/W2103203650, https://openalex.org/W2951927539, https://openalex.org/W2061238323, https://openalex.org/W2720660491, https://openalex.org/W2971078149, https://openalex.org/W2149433660, https://openalex.org/W2883257532, https://openalex.org/W2998572470, https://openalex.org/W2802259113, https://openalex.org/W2919131764, https://openalex.org/W2237715104, https://openalex.org/W1535490554, https://openalex.org/W4243182520, https://openalex.org/W1857453373, https://openalex.org/W6732849459, https://openalex.org/W2141401084, https://openalex.org/W2169900672, https://openalex.org/W1999722506, https://openalex.org/W2889231021, https://openalex.org/W1795146481, https://openalex.org/W2167090216, https://openalex.org/W1523639188, https://openalex.org/W1975248583, https://openalex.org/W2159278398, https://openalex.org/W1997776046, https://openalex.org/W1492993345, https://openalex.org/W2159333075, https://openalex.org/W1993528700, https://openalex.org/W1991043452, https://openalex.org/W2141646454, https://openalex.org/W2181954996, https://openalex.org/W2559958855, https://openalex.org/W2076315676, https://openalex.org/W1971298144, https://openalex.org/W2235539081, https://openalex.org/W2806626937, https://openalex.org/W2057351191, https://openalex.org/W2767849972, https://openalex.org/W2077533125, https://openalex.org/W2130357985, https://openalex.org/W2106881036, https://openalex.org/W2536336822, https://openalex.org/W2516639262, https://openalex.org/W2906779152, https://openalex.org/W2411798759, https://openalex.org/W2039803856, https://openalex.org/W2001558817, https://openalex.org/W2075727747, https://openalex.org/W2072109464, https://openalex.org/W2582829456, https://openalex.org/W2132046473, https://openalex.org/W6732098913, https://openalex.org/W2909653685, https://openalex.org/W2114694296, https://openalex.org/W2017080063, https://openalex.org/W2936246848, https://openalex.org/W3010399897, https://openalex.org/W1972304958, https://openalex.org/W1983934107, https://openalex.org/W2139385762, https://openalex.org/W2090325126, https://openalex.org/W2141138739, https://openalex.org/W2777934592, https://openalex.org/W2032138325, https://openalex.org/W1977249590, https://openalex.org/W2080846870, https://openalex.org/W2115911672, https://openalex.org/W2032502668, https://openalex.org/W6704038398, https://openalex.org/W1983922048, https://openalex.org/W1894163935, https://openalex.org/W6640089965, https://openalex.org/W6686758438, https://openalex.org/W2053611532, https://openalex.org/W2781179471, https://openalex.org/W2141673999, https://openalex.org/W2022883990, https://openalex.org/W1985488461, https://openalex.org/W2079349604, https://openalex.org/W2235022660, https://openalex.org/W2892499513, https://openalex.org/W2790094826, https://openalex.org/W2016848153, https://openalex.org/W2810728176, https://openalex.org/W1519897323, https://openalex.org/W2581592206, https://openalex.org/W1898752838, https://openalex.org/W2794346498, https://openalex.org/W2325622993, https://openalex.org/W2130382882, https://openalex.org/W2040140079, https://openalex.org/W2025122518, https://openalex.org/W2909811561, https://openalex.org/W2036194572, https://openalex.org/W2020717559, https://openalex.org/W2318489603, https://openalex.org/W2309134022, https://openalex.org/W2315761828, https://openalex.org/W2988677495, https://openalex.org/W2706098188, https://openalex.org/W2792482838, https://openalex.org/W2906249856, https://openalex.org/W2996748705, https://openalex.org/W2907479337, https://openalex.org/W2569453488, https://openalex.org/W2104183007, https://openalex.org/W1594933778, https://openalex.org/W2922144466, https://openalex.org/W6767510787, https://openalex.org/W2268039918, https://openalex.org/W262134620, https://openalex.org/W2273372601, https://openalex.org/W6767161448, https://openalex.org/W2793023216, https://openalex.org/W2585396845, https://openalex.org/W1721689174, https://openalex.org/W2892516612, https://openalex.org/W6766171184, https://openalex.org/W1489311069, https://openalex.org/W2887249435, https://openalex.org/W2418240467, https://openalex.org/W2968786361, https://openalex.org/W2970839635, https://openalex.org/W2582005352, https://openalex.org/W2964083827, https://openalex.org/W4250187908, https://openalex.org/W2537537821, https://openalex.org/W2575061790, https://openalex.org/W2228311949, https://openalex.org/W1917098977, https://openalex.org/W4200248964 |
| referenced_works_count | 217 |
| abstract_inverted_index.B | 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.30 | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.C, | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.EV | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.We | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 15, 40, 42, 130, 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.be | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 23, 30, 81, 92, 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nm | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 3, 48, 66, 95, 115, 123, 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 27, 38, 70, 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.we | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.DNA | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.EVs | 13, 35, 67, 89, 124, 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.all | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 17, 55, 64, 73, 112, 138, 141, 152, 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 19, 68, 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 10, 46, 61, 101, 107, 113, 121, 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.via | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1000 | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.CMV, | 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.EBV, | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.JCV, | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.RNA, | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.also | 119, 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.been | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cell | 37, 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.have | 74, 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.into | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.many | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.play | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.role | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.size | 24, 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.such | 14, 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.uses | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.well | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.will | 105, 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(EVs) | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.HTLV, | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Under | 32, 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Zika, | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cells | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.found | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.roles | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.shown | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.their | 49, 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.types | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.viral | 96, 127, 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.virus | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.which | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.while | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Almost | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.HIV-1, | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.HSV-1. | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.normal | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.space. | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.altered | 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aspects | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.between | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cargoes | 50, 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.content | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.crucial | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.current | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.discuss | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.disease | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.include | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mediate | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.number, | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ranging | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.release | 5, 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.review, | 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.studies | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.various | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Emerging | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.describe | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.exosomes | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.however, | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.involved | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.vehicles | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.vesicles | 7, 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Hepatitis | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.diameter. | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.diseases. | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.particles | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.potential | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proteins. | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reviewing | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.shuttling | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.biogenesis | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.biomarkers | 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conditions, | 34, 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.infections, | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.infections. | 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.inter-organ | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.therapeutic | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.demonstrated | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interactions | 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pathological | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.progression. | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.communication | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.extracellular | 6, 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.microvesicles | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.membrane-bound | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.neurodegenerative | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.infection-mediated | 97 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 99 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 97 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5053649150 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 7 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I59130452 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.6700000166893005 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Good health and well-being |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.84909103 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |