Fabrication of Lead Free Borate Glasses Modified by Bismuth Oxide for Gamma Ray Protection Applications Article Swipe
Yas Al‒Hadeethi
,
M.I. Sayyed
,
Abeer Z. Barasheed
,
Moustafa Ahmed
,
Mohamed Elsafi
·
YOU?
·
· 2022
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15030789
YOU?
·
· 2022
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15030789
In the present work, bismuth borate glass samples with the composition of (99-x) B2O3 + 1Cr2O3 + (x) Bi2O3 (x = 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 wt %) were prepared using the melt quenching technique. The mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) of the prepared glass samples was measured through a narrow beam technique using a NaI(Tl) scintillation detector. Four point sources were used (241Am, 133Ba, 152Eu, and 137Cs) to measure the MAC for the prepared glasses. The experimental data were compared with the theoretical results obtained from the XCOM, and it was shown that for all samples at all tested energies, the relative deviation between the samples is less than 3%. This finding signifies that the experimental data can adequately be used to evaluate the shielding ability of the glasses. The MAC of the sample with x = 25 wt % was compared with different lead borate glasses and the results indicated that the present sample has high attenuation which is very close to commercial lead borate glasses. We determined the transmission factor (TF), and found that it is small at low energies and increases as the energy increases. The addition of Bi2O3 leads to reduction in the TF values, which improves the shielding performance of the glass system. The half value layer (HVL) of the BCrBi-10 sample was 0.400 cm at 0.595 MeV, 1.619 cm at 0.2447 MeV, and 4.946 cm at 1.4080 MeV. Meanwhile, the HVL of the BCrBi-20 sample is equal to 0.171 and 4.334 cm at 0.0595 and 1.4080 MeV, respectively. The HVL data emphasize that higher energy photons tend to penetrate through the glasses with greater ease than lower energy photons. Furthermore, the fast neutron removable cross section (FNRC) was determined for the present samples and compared with lead borate glass and concrete, and the results showed a remarkable superiority of the bismuth borate glass samples.
Related Topics
Concepts
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15030789
- https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/3/789/pdf?version=1643334082
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 61
- References
- 35
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4205147689
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4205147689Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15030789Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Fabrication of Lead Free Borate Glasses Modified by Bismuth Oxide for Gamma Ray Protection ApplicationsWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2022Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2022-01-20Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Yas Al‒Hadeethi, M.I. Sayyed, Abeer Z. Barasheed, Moustafa Ahmed, Mohamed ElsafiList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15030789Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/3/789/pdf?version=1643334082Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/3/789/pdf?version=1643334082Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Half-value layer, Borate glass, Materials science, Boron, Analytical Chemistry (journal), Bismuth, Mass attenuation coefficient, Electromagnetic shielding, Lead glass, Attenuation, Optics, Chemistry, Nuclear physics, Metallurgy, Composite material, Physics, Radiation shielding, ChromatographyTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
61Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 16, 2024: 13, 2023: 9, 2022: 23Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
35Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4205147689 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15030789 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15030789 |
| ids.pmid | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35160735 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4205147689 |
| fwci | 7.50309485 |
| type | article |
| title | Fabrication of Lead Free Borate Glasses Modified by Bismuth Oxide for Gamma Ray Protection Applications |
| biblio.issue | 3 |
| biblio.volume | 15 |
| biblio.last_page | 789 |
| biblio.first_page | 789 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T12299 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/25 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Materials Science |
| topics[0].score | 0.9998999834060669 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2505 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Materials Chemistry |
| topics[0].display_name | Radiation Shielding Materials Analysis |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T12506 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/25 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Materials Science |
| topics[1].score | 0.9995999932289124 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2505 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Materials Chemistry |
| topics[1].display_name | Nuclear materials and radiation effects |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T10544 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/25 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Materials Science |
| topics[2].score | 0.9979000091552734 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2503 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Ceramics and Composites |
| topics[2].display_name | Glass properties and applications |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 2300 |
| apc_list.currency | CHF |
| apc_list.value_usd | 2490 |
| apc_paid.value | 2300 |
| apc_paid.currency | CHF |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 2490 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C2775904910 |
| concepts[0].level | 4 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.7451983094215393 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127526 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Half-value layer |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C2780574047 |
| concepts[1].level | 3 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.7300756573677063 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16910644 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Borate glass |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C192562407 |
| concepts[2].level | 0 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.7261762619018555 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Materials science |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C501308230 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.6823309063911438 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Boron |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C113196181 |
| concepts[4].level | 2 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.6726539134979248 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Analytical Chemistry (journal) |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C533668322 |
| concepts[5].level | 2 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.6589048504829407 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q942 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Bismuth |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C60761834 |
| concepts[6].level | 3 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.6343555450439453 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1907558 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Mass attenuation coefficient |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C2265751 |
| concepts[7].level | 2 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.5393556952476501 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332007 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Electromagnetic shielding |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C192505815 |
| concepts[8].level | 2 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.5190980434417725 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q392551 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Lead glass |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C184652730 |
| concepts[9].level | 2 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.4878397285938263 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2357982 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Attenuation |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C120665830 |
| concepts[10].level | 1 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.17612186074256897 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Optics |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C185592680 |
| concepts[11].level | 0 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.14900541305541992 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Chemistry |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C185544564 |
| concepts[12].level | 1 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.13821780681610107 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Nuclear physics |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C191897082 |
| concepts[13].level | 1 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.13414645195007324 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Metallurgy |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C159985019 |
| concepts[14].level | 1 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.1330835521221161 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Composite material |
| concepts[15].id | https://openalex.org/C121332964 |
| concepts[15].level | 0 |
| concepts[15].score | 0.09216704964637756 |
| concepts[15].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413 |
| concepts[15].display_name | Physics |
| concepts[16].id | https://openalex.org/C2986508813 |
| concepts[16].level | 3 |
| concepts[16].score | 0.08358415961265564 |
| concepts[16].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1574099 |
| concepts[16].display_name | Radiation shielding |
| concepts[17].id | https://openalex.org/C43617362 |
| concepts[17].level | 1 |
| concepts[17].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[17].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050 |
| concepts[17].display_name | Chromatography |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/half-value-layer |
| keywords[0].score | 0.7451983094215393 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Half-value layer |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/borate-glass |
| keywords[1].score | 0.7300756573677063 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Borate glass |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science |
| keywords[2].score | 0.7261762619018555 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Materials science |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/boron |
| keywords[3].score | 0.6823309063911438 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Boron |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/analytical-chemistry |
| keywords[4].score | 0.6726539134979248 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Analytical Chemistry (journal) |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/bismuth |
| keywords[5].score | 0.6589048504829407 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Bismuth |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/mass-attenuation-coefficient |
| keywords[6].score | 0.6343555450439453 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Mass attenuation coefficient |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-shielding |
| keywords[7].score | 0.5393556952476501 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Electromagnetic shielding |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/lead-glass |
| keywords[8].score | 0.5190980434417725 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Lead glass |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/attenuation |
| keywords[9].score | 0.4878397285938263 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Attenuation |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/optics |
| keywords[10].score | 0.17612186074256897 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Optics |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry |
| keywords[11].score | 0.14900541305541992 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Chemistry |
| keywords[12].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-physics |
| keywords[12].score | 0.13821780681610107 |
| keywords[12].display_name | Nuclear physics |
| keywords[13].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/metallurgy |
| keywords[13].score | 0.13414645195007324 |
| keywords[13].display_name | Metallurgy |
| keywords[14].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material |
| keywords[14].score | 0.1330835521221161 |
| keywords[14].display_name | Composite material |
| keywords[15].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/physics |
| keywords[15].score | 0.09216704964637756 |
| keywords[15].display_name | Physics |
| keywords[16].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/radiation-shielding |
| keywords[16].score | 0.08358415961265564 |
| keywords[16].display_name | Radiation shielding |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.3390/ma15030789 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S18714766 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 1996-1944 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 1996-1944 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Materials |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/3/789/pdf?version=1643334082 |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Materials |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15030789 |
| locations[1].id | pmid:35160735 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306525036 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | PubMed |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | True |
| locations[1].is_published | True |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | Materials (Basel, Switzerland) |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35160735 |
| locations[2].id | pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1996-1944/15/3/789/ |
| locations[2].is_oa | True |
| locations[2].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400947 |
| locations[2].source.issn | |
| locations[2].source.type | repository |
| locations[2].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[2].source.issn_l | |
| locations[2].source.is_core | False |
| locations[2].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[2].source.display_name | MDPI (MDPI AG) |
| locations[2].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I4210097602 |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland) |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210097602 |
| locations[2].license | cc-by |
| locations[2].pdf_url | |
| locations[2].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | Text |
| locations[2].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[2].is_accepted | False |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | Materials; Volume 15; Issue 3; Pages: 789 |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15030789 |
| locations[3].id | pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8836671 |
| locations[3].is_oa | True |
| locations[3].source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764455111 |
| locations[3].source.issn | |
| locations[3].source.type | repository |
| locations[3].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[3].source.issn_l | |
| locations[3].source.is_core | False |
| locations[3].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[3].source.display_name | PubMed Central |
| locations[3].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[3].license | other-oa |
| locations[3].pdf_url | |
| locations[3].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[3].raw_type | Text |
| locations[3].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa |
| locations[3].is_accepted | False |
| locations[3].is_published | False |
| locations[3].raw_source_name | Materials (Basel) |
| locations[3].landing_page_url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8836671 |
| locations[4].id | pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:fb7dd578a8674993af630c3df2f693f1 |
| locations[4].is_oa | True |
| locations[4].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401280 |
| locations[4].source.issn | |
| locations[4].source.type | repository |
| locations[4].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[4].source.issn_l | |
| locations[4].source.is_core | False |
| locations[4].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[4].source.display_name | DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
| locations[4].source.host_organization | |
| locations[4].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[4].source.host_organization_lineage | |
| locations[4].license | cc-by-sa |
| locations[4].pdf_url | |
| locations[4].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[4].raw_type | article |
| locations[4].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa |
| locations[4].is_accepted | False |
| locations[4].is_published | False |
| locations[4].raw_source_name | Materials, Vol 15, Iss 3, p 789 (2022) |
| locations[4].landing_page_url | https://doaj.org/article/fb7dd578a8674993af630c3df2f693f1 |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj, pubmed |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5046119929 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2284-1279 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Yas Al‒Hadeethi |
| authorships[0].countries | SA |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I185163786 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Lithography in Devices Fabrication and Development Research Group, Deanship of Scientific Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia |
| authorships[0].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I185163786 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I185163786 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02ma4wv74 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I185163786 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | SA |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | King Abdulaziz University |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Yas Al-Hadeethi |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia, Lithography in Devices Fabrication and Development Research Group, Deanship of Scientific Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5090174410 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3040-8878 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | M.I. Sayyed |
| authorships[1].countries | JO, SA |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I92449659 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Isra University, Amman 11622, Jordan |
| authorships[1].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I76571253 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Nuclear Medicine Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University (IAU), Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I92449659 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04d4bt482 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I92449659 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | JO |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Isra University |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I76571253 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/038cy8j79 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I76571253 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].country_code | SA |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].display_name | Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | M. I. Sayyed |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Nuclear Medicine Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University (IAU), Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Isra University, Amman 11622, Jordan |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5015380710 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9208-2854 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Abeer Z. Barasheed |
| authorships[2].countries | SA |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I185163786 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I185163786 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02ma4wv74 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I185163786 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | SA |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | King Abdulaziz University |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Abeer Z. Barasheed |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5035454824 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1325-2632 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Moustafa Ahmed |
| authorships[3].countries | SA |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I185163786 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I185163786 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02ma4wv74 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I185163786 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | SA |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | King Abdulaziz University |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Moustafa Ahmed |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5079244883 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8576-9561 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Mohamed Elsafi |
| authorships[4].countries | EG |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I84524832 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I84524832 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00mzz1w90 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I84524832 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | EG |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | Alexandria University |
| authorships[4].author_position | last |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Mohamed Elsafi |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/3/789/pdf?version=1643334082 |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Fabrication of Lead Free Borate Glasses Modified by Bismuth Oxide for Gamma Ray Protection Applications |
| has_fulltext | True |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T12299 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/25 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Materials Science |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9998999834060669 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2505 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Materials Chemistry |
| primary_topic.display_name | Radiation Shielding Materials Analysis |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2946345309, https://openalex.org/W2743853658, https://openalex.org/W2050548329, https://openalex.org/W3162535255, https://openalex.org/W3023403710, https://openalex.org/W2997887547, https://openalex.org/W3014042829, https://openalex.org/W4205147689, https://openalex.org/W2001659507, https://openalex.org/W1624633047 |
| cited_by_count | 61 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 16 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 13 |
| counts_by_year[2].year | 2023 |
| counts_by_year[2].cited_by_count | 9 |
| counts_by_year[3].year | 2022 |
| counts_by_year[3].cited_by_count | 23 |
| locations_count | 5 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.3390/ma15030789 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S18714766 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 1996-1944 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 1996-1944 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Materials |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/3/789/pdf?version=1643334082 |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Materials |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15030789 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.3390/ma15030789 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S18714766 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 1996-1944 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 1996-1944 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Materials |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/3/789/pdf?version=1643334082 |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Materials |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15030789 |
| publication_date | 2022-01-20 |
| publication_year | 2022 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W2793592747, https://openalex.org/W2550402731, https://openalex.org/W3164190129, https://openalex.org/W2942760724, https://openalex.org/W2807645245, https://openalex.org/W2345266890, https://openalex.org/W2917781097, https://openalex.org/W2082828305, https://openalex.org/W2021703755, https://openalex.org/W2802947689, https://openalex.org/W2919892564, https://openalex.org/W2809044248, https://openalex.org/W2053962289, https://openalex.org/W2011373423, https://openalex.org/W2137764848, https://openalex.org/W2007418896, https://openalex.org/W2030643117, https://openalex.org/W2082801711, https://openalex.org/W3181762967, https://openalex.org/W3186432870, https://openalex.org/W3092618768, https://openalex.org/W3207202400, https://openalex.org/W2550272364, https://openalex.org/W3196475997, https://openalex.org/W3182299608, https://openalex.org/W3148983759, https://openalex.org/W3173907295, https://openalex.org/W3168496323, https://openalex.org/W3162943506, https://openalex.org/W2137742698, https://openalex.org/W2901893265, https://openalex.org/W3206522340, https://openalex.org/W2885811654, https://openalex.org/W2595245045, https://openalex.org/W617603573 |
| referenced_works_count | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.% | 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.+ | 14, 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.= | 20, 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 50, 55, 303 |
| abstract_inverted_index.x | 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.%) | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(x | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0, | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.25 | 27, 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.5, | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.TF | 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.We | 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.at | 98, 181, 222, 227, 233, 250 |
| abstract_inverted_index.be | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cm | 221, 226, 232, 249 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 108, 161, 179, 243 |
| abstract_inverted_index.it | 91, 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 11, 42, 128, 133, 192, 206, 215, 239, 306 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 69, 123, 164, 195, 245, 265 |
| abstract_inverted_index.wt | 28, 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(x) | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.10, | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.15, | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.20, | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.3%. | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.HVL | 238, 257 |
| abstract_inverted_index.MAC | 72, 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 37, 77, 131, 190, 210, 256 |
| abstract_inverted_index.all | 96, 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 26, 67, 90, 149, 175, 184, 230, 247, 252, 291, 297, 299 |
| abstract_inverted_index.can | 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 73, 95, 287 |
| abstract_inverted_index.has | 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.low | 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 1, 9, 33, 43, 71, 74, 83, 88, 102, 106, 116, 125, 129, 134, 150, 154, 171, 187, 198, 203, 207, 216, 237, 240, 268, 278, 288, 300, 307 |
| abstract_inverted_index.was | 47, 92, 142, 219, 285 |
| abstract_inverted_index.B2O3 | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Four | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.MeV, | 224, 229, 254 |
| abstract_inverted_index.MeV. | 235 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.beam | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.data | 79, 118, 258 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ease | 272 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fast | 279 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.half | 211 |
| abstract_inverted_index.high | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lead | 146, 166, 294 |
| abstract_inverted_index.less | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mass | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.melt | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tend | 264 |
| abstract_inverted_index.than | 110, 273 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 94, 115, 153, 177, 260 |
| abstract_inverted_index.used | 63, 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.very | 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.were | 30, 62, 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 8, 82, 136, 144, 270, 293 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(HVL) | 214 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(MAC) | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(TF), | 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.171 | 246 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.400 | 220 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.595 | 223 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1.619 | 225 |
| abstract_inverted_index.4.334 | 248 |
| abstract_inverted_index.4.946 | 231 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Bi2O3 | 18, 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.XCOM, | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.close | 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cross | 282 |
| abstract_inverted_index.equal | 244 |
| abstract_inverted_index.found | 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.glass | 6, 45, 208, 296, 310 |
| abstract_inverted_index.layer | 213 |
| abstract_inverted_index.leads | 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lower | 274 |
| abstract_inverted_index.point | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.shown | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.small | 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.using | 32, 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.value | 212 |
| abstract_inverted_index.which | 160, 201 |
| abstract_inverted_index.work, | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(99-x) | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(FNRC) | 284 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.0595 | 251 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.2447 | 228 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1.4080 | 234, 253 |
| abstract_inverted_index.133Ba, | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.137Cs) | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.152Eu, | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1Cr2O3 | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.borate | 5, 147, 167, 295, 309 |
| abstract_inverted_index.energy | 188, 262, 275 |
| abstract_inverted_index.factor | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.higher | 261 |
| abstract_inverted_index.narrow | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sample | 135, 156, 218, 242 |
| abstract_inverted_index.showed | 302 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tested | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(241Am, | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.NaI(Tl) | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ability | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.between | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.bismuth | 4, 308 |
| abstract_inverted_index.finding | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.glasses | 148, 269 |
| abstract_inverted_index.greater | 271 |
| abstract_inverted_index.measure | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.neutron | 280 |
| abstract_inverted_index.photons | 263 |
| abstract_inverted_index.present | 2, 155, 289 |
| abstract_inverted_index.results | 85, 151, 301 |
| abstract_inverted_index.samples | 7, 46, 97, 107, 290 |
| abstract_inverted_index.section | 283 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sources | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.system. | 209 |
| abstract_inverted_index.through | 49, 267 |
| abstract_inverted_index.values, | 200 |
| abstract_inverted_index.BCrBi-10 | 217 |
| abstract_inverted_index.BCrBi-20 | 241 |
| abstract_inverted_index.addition | 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compared | 81, 143, 292 |
| abstract_inverted_index.energies | 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evaluate | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.glasses. | 76, 130, 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.improves | 202 |
| abstract_inverted_index.measured | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.obtained | 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.photons. | 276 |
| abstract_inverted_index.prepared | 31, 44, 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.relative | 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.samples. | 311 |
| abstract_inverted_index.concrete, | 298 |
| abstract_inverted_index.detector. | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.deviation | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.different | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.emphasize | 259 |
| abstract_inverted_index.energies, | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increases | 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.indicated | 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.penetrate | 266 |
| abstract_inverted_index.quenching | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reduction | 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.removable | 281 |
| abstract_inverted_index.shielding | 126, 204 |
| abstract_inverted_index.signifies | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.technique | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Meanwhile, | 236 |
| abstract_inverted_index.adequately | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.commercial | 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.determined | 170, 286 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increases. | 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.remarkable | 304 |
| abstract_inverted_index.technique. | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.attenuation | 39, 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.coefficient | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.composition | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.performance | 205 |
| abstract_inverted_index.superiority | 305 |
| abstract_inverted_index.theoretical | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Furthermore, | 277 |
| abstract_inverted_index.experimental | 78, 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.transmission | 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.respectively. | 255 |
| abstract_inverted_index.scintillation | 57 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 100 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 99 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5046119929 |
| countries_distinct_count | 3 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 5 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I185163786 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.8700000047683716 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Affordable and clean energy |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.96562287 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | True |