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arXiv (Cornell University)
Fast Neural Tangent Kernel Alignment, Norm and Effective Rank via Trace Estimation
November 2025 • Hazelden, James
The Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK) characterizes how a model's state evolves over Gradient Descent. Computing the full NTK matrix is often infeasible, especially for recurrent architectures. Here, we introduce a matrix-free perspective, using trace estimation to rapidly analyze the empirical, finite-width NTK. This enables fast computation of the NTK's trace, Frobenius norm, effective rank, and alignment. We provide numerical recipes based on the Hutch++ trace estimator with provably fast convergence guarantees. In a…
Algorithm
Mathematics
Computer Science
Kernel Method
Generalization