PLoS ONE • Vol 20 • No 5
Filter bank common spatial pattern and envelope-based features in multimodal EEG-fTCD brain-computer interfaces
May 2025 • Alaa-Allah Essam, Аhmed Ibrahim, Ashar Seif Al-Nasr, Mariam El-Saqa, Sohila Mohamed, Ayman Anwar, Ayman El‐Baz, Murat Akçakaya, Aya Khalaf
Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) provide alternative means of communication and control for individuals with severe motor or speech impairments. Multimodal BCIs have been introduced recently to enhance the performance of BCIs utilizing single modality. In this paper, we aim to advance the state of the art in multimodal BCIs combining Electroencephalography (EEG) and functional transcranial Doppler ultrasound (fTCD) by introducing advanced analysis approaches that enhance system performance. Our EEG-fTCD BCIs emplo…