Flow control of three-dimensional cylinders transitioning to turbulence via multi-agent reinforcement learning Article Swipe
Pol Suárez
,
Francisco Alcántara-Ávila
,
Jean Rabault
,
Arnau Miró
,
Bernat Font
,
O. Lehmkuhl
,
Ricardo Vinuesa
·
YOU?
·
· 2024
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4252035/v1
YOU?
·
· 2024
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4252035/v1
Designing active-flow-control (AFC) strategies for three-dimensional (3D) bluff bodies is a challenging task with critical industrial implications. In this study we explore the potential of discovering novel control strategies for drag reduction using deep reinforcement learning. We introduce a high-dimensional AFC setup on a 3D cylinder, considering Reynolds numbers (Re_D) from 100 to 400, which is a range including the transition to 3D wake instabilities. The setup involves multiple zero-net-mass-flux jets positioned on the top and bottom surfaces, aligned into two slots. The method relies on coupling the computational-fluid-dynamics solver with a multi-agent reinforcement-learning (MARL) framework based on the proximal-policy-optimization algorithm. MARL offers several advantages: it exploits local invariance, adaptable control across geometries, facilitates transfer learning and cross-application of agents, and results in a significant training speedup. For instance, our results demonstrate 21% drag reduction for Re_D=300, outperforming classical periodic control, which yields up to 6% reduction. To the authors' knowledge, the present MARL-based framework represents the first time where training is conducted in 3D cylinders. This breakthrough paves the way for conducting AFC on progressively more complex turbulent-flow configurations.
Related Topics
Concepts
Metadata
- Type
- preprint
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4252035/v1
- https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-4252035/latest.pdf
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 9
- References
- 49
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4399135309
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4399135309Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4252035/v1Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Flow control of three-dimensional cylinders transitioning to turbulence via multi-agent reinforcement learningWork title
- Type
-
preprintOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2024Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2024-05-29Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Pol Suárez, Francisco Alcántara-Ávila, Jean Rabault, Arnau Miró, Bernat Font, O. Lehmkuhl, Ricardo VinuesaList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4252035/v1Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-4252035/latest.pdfDirect link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-4252035/latest.pdfDirect OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Drag, Reinforcement learning, Solver, Turbulence, Reduction (mathematics), Computer science, Flow control (data), Reynolds number, Flow (mathematics), Mechanics, Artificial intelligence, Physics, Mathematics, Geometry, Computer network, Programming languageTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
9Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 6, 2024: 3Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
49Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4399135309 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4252035/v1 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4252035/v1 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4399135309 |
| fwci | 6.48716821 |
| type | preprint |
| title | Flow control of three-dimensional cylinders transitioning to turbulence via multi-agent reinforcement learning |
| biblio.issue | |
| biblio.volume | |
| biblio.last_page | |
| biblio.first_page | |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10360 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[0].score | 0.9991000294685364 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2206 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Computational Mechanics |
| topics[0].display_name | Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T11254 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[1].score | 0.9987000226974487 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2206 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Computational Mechanics |
| topics[1].display_name | Fluid Dynamics and Vibration Analysis |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T11206 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Physics and Astronomy |
| topics[2].score | 0.9940999746322632 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/3109 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Statistical and Nonlinear Physics |
| topics[2].display_name | Model Reduction and Neural Networks |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list | |
| apc_paid | |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C72921944 |
| concepts[0].level | 2 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.7074346542358398 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206621 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Drag |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C97541855 |
| concepts[1].level | 2 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.6953608989715576 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Reinforcement learning |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C2778770139 |
| concepts[2].level | 2 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.6450034976005554 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1966904 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Solver |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C196558001 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.5990515947341919 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190132 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Turbulence |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C111335779 |
| concepts[4].level | 2 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.5300650000572205 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Reduction (mathematics) |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C41008148 |
| concepts[5].level | 0 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.5221201181411743 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Computer science |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C186766456 |
| concepts[6].level | 2 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.5005686283111572 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q612457 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Flow control (data) |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C182748727 |
| concepts[7].level | 3 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.49889349937438965 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178932 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Reynolds number |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C38349280 |
| concepts[8].level | 2 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.4186228811740875 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Flow (mathematics) |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C57879066 |
| concepts[9].level | 1 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.3155359625816345 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Mechanics |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C154945302 |
| concepts[10].level | 1 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.2975624203681946 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Artificial intelligence |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C121332964 |
| concepts[11].level | 0 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.2724251449108124 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Physics |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C33923547 |
| concepts[12].level | 0 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.20741581916809082 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Mathematics |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C2524010 |
| concepts[13].level | 1 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.19890210032463074 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Geometry |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C31258907 |
| concepts[14].level | 1 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Computer network |
| concepts[15].id | https://openalex.org/C199360897 |
| concepts[15].level | 1 |
| concepts[15].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[15].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143 |
| concepts[15].display_name | Programming language |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/drag |
| keywords[0].score | 0.7074346542358398 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Drag |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning |
| keywords[1].score | 0.6953608989715576 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Reinforcement learning |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/solver |
| keywords[2].score | 0.6450034976005554 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Solver |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/turbulence |
| keywords[3].score | 0.5990515947341919 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Turbulence |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction |
| keywords[4].score | 0.5300650000572205 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Reduction (mathematics) |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science |
| keywords[5].score | 0.5221201181411743 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Computer science |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/flow-control |
| keywords[6].score | 0.5005686283111572 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Flow control (data) |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/reynolds-number |
| keywords[7].score | 0.49889349937438965 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Reynolds number |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/flow |
| keywords[8].score | 0.4186228811740875 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Flow (mathematics) |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanics |
| keywords[9].score | 0.3155359625816345 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Mechanics |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence |
| keywords[10].score | 0.2975624203681946 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Artificial intelligence |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/physics |
| keywords[11].score | 0.2724251449108124 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Physics |
| keywords[12].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics |
| keywords[12].score | 0.20741581916809082 |
| keywords[12].display_name | Mathematics |
| keywords[13].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry |
| keywords[13].score | 0.19890210032463074 |
| keywords[13].display_name | Geometry |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-4252035/v1 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source | |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-4252035/latest.pdf |
| locations[0].version | acceptedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | posted-content |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | False |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4252035/v1 |
| indexed_in | crossref |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5076263492 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6031-5536 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Pol Suárez |
| authorships[0].countries | SE |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I86987016 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | FLOW, Engineering Mechanics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I86987016 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/026vcq606 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I86987016 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | SE |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | KTH Royal Institute of Technology |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Pol Suárez |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | FLOW, Engineering Mechanics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5001332814 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0704-6100 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Francisco Alcántara-Ávila |
| authorships[1].countries | SE |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I86987016 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | FLOW, Engineering Mechanics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I86987016 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/026vcq606 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I86987016 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | SE |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | KTH Royal Institute of Technology |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Francisco Álcantara-Ávila |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | FLOW, Engineering Mechanics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5063892805 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7244-6592 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Jean Rabault |
| authorships[2].countries | NO |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I1314042554 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Norwegian Meteorological Institute |
| authorships[2].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Independent researcher, Oslo, Norway |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I1314042554 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/001n36p86 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | government |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1314042554 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | NO |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Norwegian Meteorological Institute |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Jean Rabault |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Independent researcher, Oslo, Norway, Norwegian Meteorological Institute |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5060305519 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2772-6050 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Arnau Miró |
| authorships[3].countries | ES, NL |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I98358874 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technische Universiteit Delft, The Netherlands |
| authorships[3].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I2799803557, https://openalex.org/I9617848 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I2799803557 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05sd8tv96 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I2799803557, https://openalex.org/I9617848 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | ES |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | Barcelona Supercomputing Center |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I9617848 |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/03mb6wj31 |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I9617848 |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].country_code | ES |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].display_name | Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya |
| authorships[3].institutions[2].id | https://openalex.org/I98358874 |
| authorships[3].institutions[2].ror | https://ror.org/02e2c7k09 |
| authorships[3].institutions[2].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[2].lineage | https://openalex.org/I98358874 |
| authorships[3].institutions[2].country_code | NL |
| authorships[3].institutions[2].display_name | Delft University of Technology |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Arnau Miró |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technische Universiteit Delft, The Netherlands |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5031672395 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2136-3068 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Bernat Font |
| authorships[4].countries | ES, NL, SE |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I86987016 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | KTH Royal Institute of Technology |
| authorships[4].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I98358874 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Technische Universiteit Delft |
| authorships[4].affiliations[2].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I2799803557, https://openalex.org/I9617848 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[2].raw_affiliation_string | Barcelona Supercomputing Center |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I2799803557 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05sd8tv96 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I2799803557, https://openalex.org/I9617848 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | ES |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | Barcelona Supercomputing Center |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I9617848 |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/03mb6wj31 |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I9617848 |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].country_code | ES |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].display_name | Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya |
| authorships[4].institutions[2].id | https://openalex.org/I98358874 |
| authorships[4].institutions[2].ror | https://ror.org/02e2c7k09 |
| authorships[4].institutions[2].type | education |
| authorships[4].institutions[2].lineage | https://openalex.org/I98358874 |
| authorships[4].institutions[2].country_code | NL |
| authorships[4].institutions[2].display_name | Delft University of Technology |
| authorships[4].institutions[3].id | https://openalex.org/I86987016 |
| authorships[4].institutions[3].ror | https://ror.org/026vcq606 |
| authorships[4].institutions[3].type | education |
| authorships[4].institutions[3].lineage | https://openalex.org/I86987016 |
| authorships[4].institutions[3].country_code | SE |
| authorships[4].institutions[3].display_name | KTH Royal Institute of Technology |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Bernat Font |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | Barcelona Supercomputing Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Technische Universiteit Delft |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5051192251 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2670-1871 |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | O. Lehmkuhl |
| authorships[5].countries | ES, NL, SE |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I2799803557, https://openalex.org/I9617848 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Barcelona Supercomputing Center |
| authorships[5].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I86987016 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | KTH Royal Institute of Technology |
| authorships[5].affiliations[2].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I98358874 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[2].raw_affiliation_string | Technische Universiteit Delft |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I2799803557 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05sd8tv96 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I2799803557, https://openalex.org/I9617848 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code | ES |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name | Barcelona Supercomputing Center |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I9617848 |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/03mb6wj31 |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I9617848 |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].country_code | ES |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].display_name | Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya |
| authorships[5].institutions[2].id | https://openalex.org/I98358874 |
| authorships[5].institutions[2].ror | https://ror.org/02e2c7k09 |
| authorships[5].institutions[2].type | education |
| authorships[5].institutions[2].lineage | https://openalex.org/I98358874 |
| authorships[5].institutions[2].country_code | NL |
| authorships[5].institutions[2].display_name | Delft University of Technology |
| authorships[5].institutions[3].id | https://openalex.org/I86987016 |
| authorships[5].institutions[3].ror | https://ror.org/026vcq606 |
| authorships[5].institutions[3].type | education |
| authorships[5].institutions[3].lineage | https://openalex.org/I86987016 |
| authorships[5].institutions[3].country_code | SE |
| authorships[5].institutions[3].display_name | KTH Royal Institute of Technology |
| authorships[5].author_position | middle |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | Oriol Lehmkuhl |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings | Barcelona Supercomputing Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Technische Universiteit Delft |
| authorships[6].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5049616413 |
| authorships[6].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6570-5499 |
| authorships[6].author.display_name | Ricardo Vinuesa |
| authorships[6].countries | ES, SE |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I2799803557, https://openalex.org/I9617848 |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain |
| authorships[6].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I86987016 |
| authorships[6].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | FLOW, Engineering Mechanics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I2799803557 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05sd8tv96 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I2799803557, https://openalex.org/I9617848 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].country_code | ES |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].display_name | Barcelona Supercomputing Center |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I9617848 |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/03mb6wj31 |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I9617848 |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].country_code | ES |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].display_name | Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya |
| authorships[6].institutions[2].id | https://openalex.org/I86987016 |
| authorships[6].institutions[2].ror | https://ror.org/026vcq606 |
| authorships[6].institutions[2].type | education |
| authorships[6].institutions[2].lineage | https://openalex.org/I86987016 |
| authorships[6].institutions[2].country_code | SE |
| authorships[6].institutions[2].display_name | KTH Royal Institute of Technology |
| authorships[6].author_position | last |
| authorships[6].raw_author_name | Ricardo Vinuesa |
| authorships[6].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[6].raw_affiliation_strings | Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain, FLOW, Engineering Mechanics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | False |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-4252035/latest.pdf |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Flow control of three-dimensional cylinders transitioning to turbulence via multi-agent reinforcement learning |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10360 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Engineering |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9991000294685364 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2206 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Computational Mechanics |
| primary_topic.display_name | Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W3019598374, https://openalex.org/W4306904969, https://openalex.org/W2186864281, https://openalex.org/W189741, https://openalex.org/W4389482429, https://openalex.org/W2242995739, https://openalex.org/W1491894219, https://openalex.org/W2138720691, https://openalex.org/W4255427455, https://openalex.org/W3039850171 |
| cited_by_count | 9 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 6 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 3 |
| locations_count | 1 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-4252035/v1 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source | |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-4252035/latest.pdf |
| best_oa_location.version | acceptedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | posted-content |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | False |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4252035/v1 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-4252035/v1 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source | |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-4252035/latest.pdf |
| primary_location.version | acceptedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | posted-content |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | False |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4252035/v1 |
| publication_date | 2024-05-29 |
| publication_year | 2024 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W4386557495, https://openalex.org/W2256812163, https://openalex.org/W3027917204, https://openalex.org/W1566179750, https://openalex.org/W4385722611, https://openalex.org/W4389624813, https://openalex.org/W4312120162, https://openalex.org/W4242045833, https://openalex.org/W2888317899, https://openalex.org/W3105438996, https://openalex.org/W3022840352, https://openalex.org/W3113558818, https://openalex.org/W2017944985, https://openalex.org/W4321764793, https://openalex.org/W2914919122, https://openalex.org/W4225377386, https://openalex.org/W1996125134, https://openalex.org/W2131653803, https://openalex.org/W4311528211, https://openalex.org/W4387820710, https://openalex.org/W3212083326, https://openalex.org/W4376135696, https://openalex.org/W4366779169, https://openalex.org/W4361734025, https://openalex.org/W3137253052, https://openalex.org/W2163671218, https://openalex.org/W2612358261, https://openalex.org/W142195455, https://openalex.org/W4281763532, https://openalex.org/W4364352458, https://openalex.org/W2967095864, https://openalex.org/W2060360425, https://openalex.org/W4386555665, https://openalex.org/W2410416051, https://openalex.org/W2963718361, https://openalex.org/W2063548352, https://openalex.org/W2395293397, https://openalex.org/W2736601468, https://openalex.org/W1954793758, https://openalex.org/W2167657634, https://openalex.org/W2257979135, https://openalex.org/W3135144629, https://openalex.org/W4220758675, https://openalex.org/W2039567456, https://openalex.org/W4300101796, https://openalex.org/W4406531293, https://openalex.org/W3090502885, https://openalex.org/W2098841693, https://openalex.org/W2118997965 |
| referenced_works_count | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 11, 39, 44, 57, 92, 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.3D | 45, 63, 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.6% | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.To | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.We | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 123, 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 10, 56, 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.it | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 25, 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 43, 73, 86, 98, 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 53, 62, 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.up | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.we | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.100 | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.21% | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.AFC | 41, 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.For | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 66, 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 76, 117, 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 5, 30, 136, 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.our | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 23, 60, 74, 88, 99, 149, 152, 157, 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.top | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.two | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.way | 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(3D) | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.400, | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.MARL | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.deep | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.drag | 31, 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.into | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.jets | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.more | 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.task | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.time | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.wake | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 14, 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(AFC) | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.based | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.bluff | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.first | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.local | 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.novel | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.paves | 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.range | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.setup | 42, 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.using | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.where | 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.which | 55, 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(MARL) | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(Re_D) | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.across | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.bodies | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.bottom | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.method | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.offers | 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.relies | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.slots. | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.solver | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.yields | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.agents, | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aligned | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.complex | 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.control | 28, 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.explore | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.numbers | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.present | 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.results | 122, 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.several | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Reynolds | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.authors' | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.control, | 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.coupling | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.critical | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.exploits | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.involves | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.learning | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multiple | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.periodic | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.speedup. | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.training | 126, 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.transfer | 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Designing | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Re_D=300, | 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.adaptable | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.classical | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conducted | 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cylinder, | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.framework | 96, 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.including | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.instance, | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.introduce | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.learning. | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.potential | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reduction | 32, 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.surfaces, | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.MARL-based | 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.algorithm. | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conducting | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cylinders. | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.industrial | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.knowledge, | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.positioned | 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reduction. | 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.represents | 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.strategies | 4, 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.transition | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.advantages: | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.challenging | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.considering | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.demonstrate | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.discovering | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.facilitates | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.geometries, | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.invariance, | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multi-agent | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.significant | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.breakthrough | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.implications. | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.outperforming | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.progressively | 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reinforcement | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.instabilities. | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.turbulent-flow | 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.configurations. | 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.high-dimensional | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cross-application | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.three-dimensional | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.zero-net-mass-flux | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.active-flow-control | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reinforcement-learning | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.<title>Abstract</title> | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.computational-fluid-dynamics | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proximal-policy-optimization | 100 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 99 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 96 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5049616413 |
| countries_distinct_count | 4 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 7 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I2799803557, https://openalex.org/I86987016, https://openalex.org/I9617848 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.5 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Industry, innovation and infrastructure |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.95516919 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | True |