Flushing of Soils Highly Contaminated with Cd Using Various Washing Agents Derived from Sewage Sludge Article Swipe
Barbara Klik
,
Dorota Kulikowska
,
Zygmunt M. Gusiatin
·
YOU?
·
· 2022
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/en15010349
YOU?
·
· 2022
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/en15010349
The suitability of sewage-sludge derived washing agents (SS_WAs) (dissolved organic matter DOM; humic-like substances HLS; soluble humic substances SHS), was assessed for removing Cd from highly contaminated (300 mg/kg) sandy clay loam and clay. The soils were remediated via column flushing at two flow rates, 0.5 and 1.0 mL/min. The stability of the flow velocity (FV) depended on the type of SS_WA and decreased in the following order: DOM > HLS > SHS. Cd was most effectively removed during the first hours of flushing, and the process proceeded with a first-order kinetics. The overall process efficiency was higher at flow rate of 1.0 mL/min than at 0.5 mL/min and ranged from 65.7 (SHS) to 75.5% (DOM) for the sandy clay loam and from 64.7% (SHS) to 67.8% (DOM) for the clay. However, all SS_WAs at both flow rates removed the most mobile Cd fraction (F1) with an efficiency above 90%. Flushing improved soil characteristics in terms of the content of organic matter, humic substances and nutrients. Among all SS_WAs, DOM was the most suitable for remediation of highly Cd-contaminated soils due to high efficiency of Cd removal, the high stability of its FV during flushing and the simple manner of DOM recovery from sewage sludge.
Related Topics
Concepts
Flushing
Loam
Environmental remediation
Soil water
Chemistry
Environmental chemistry
Sewage sludge
Organic matter
Contamination
Dissolved organic carbon
Sewage
Soil contamination
Environmental science
Environmental engineering
Pulp and paper industry
Soil science
Ecology
Organic chemistry
Biology
Engineering
Endocrinology
Medicine
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/en15010349
- https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/1/349/pdf?version=1641437404
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 6
- References
- 53
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4205841674
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
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https://openalex.org/W4205841674Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
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https://doi.org/10.3390/en15010349Digital Object Identifier
- Title
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Flushing of Soils Highly Contaminated with Cd Using Various Washing Agents Derived from Sewage SludgeWork title
- Type
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articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
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enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2022Year of publication
- Publication date
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2022-01-04Full publication date if available
- Authors
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Barbara Klik, Dorota Kulikowska, Zygmunt M. GusiatinList of authors in order
- Landing page
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https://doi.org/10.3390/en15010349Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
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https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/1/349/pdf?version=1641437404Direct link to full text PDF
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YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
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https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/1/349/pdf?version=1641437404Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
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Flushing, Loam, Environmental remediation, Soil water, Chemistry, Environmental chemistry, Sewage sludge, Organic matter, Contamination, Dissolved organic carbon, Sewage, Soil contamination, Environmental science, Environmental engineering, Pulp and paper industry, Soil science, Ecology, Organic chemistry, Biology, Engineering, Endocrinology, MedicineTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
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6Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
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2025: 2, 2024: 1, 2023: 3Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
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53Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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