Formation of Thiophene under Simulated Volcanic Hydrothermal Conditions on Earth—Implications for Early Life on Extraterrestrial Planets? Article Swipe
Thomas Geisberger
,
Jessica Sobotta
,
Wolfgang Eisenreich
,
Claudia Huber
·
YOU?
·
· 2021
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/life11020149
YOU?
·
· 2021
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/life11020149
Thiophene was detected on Mars during the Curiosity mission in 2018. The compound was even suggested as a biomarker due to its possible origin from diagenesis or pyrolysis of biological material. In the laboratory, thiophene can be synthesized at 400 °C by reacting acetylene and hydrogen sulfide on alumina. We here show that thiophene and thiophene derivatives are also formed abiotically from acetylene and transition metal sulfides such as NiS, CoS and FeS under simulated volcanic, hydrothermal conditions on Early Earth. Exactly the same conditions were reported earlier to have yielded a plethora of organic molecules including fatty acids and other components of extant metabolism. It is therefore tempting to suggest that thiophenes from abiotic formation could indicate sites and conditions well-suited for the evolution of metabolism and potentially for the origin-of-life on extraterrestrial planets.
Related Topics
Concepts
Abiogenesis
Astrobiology
Thiophene
Extraterrestrial life
Hydrothermal circulation
Earth (classical element)
Sulfide
Hydrogen sulfide
Hydrothermal vent
Volcano
Planet
Chemistry
Acetylene
Earth science
Geology
Geochemistry
Sulfur
Organic chemistry
Paleontology
Biology
Physics
Mathematical physics
Astrophysics
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/life11020149
- https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/11/2/149/pdf?version=1613473142
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 6
- References
- 40
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W3132062417
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W3132062417Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/life11020149Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Formation of Thiophene under Simulated Volcanic Hydrothermal Conditions on Earth—Implications for Early Life on Extraterrestrial Planets?Work title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2021Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2021-02-16Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Thomas Geisberger, Jessica Sobotta, Wolfgang Eisenreich, Claudia HuberList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/life11020149Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/11/2/149/pdf?version=1613473142Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/11/2/149/pdf?version=1613473142Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Abiogenesis, Astrobiology, Thiophene, Extraterrestrial life, Hydrothermal circulation, Earth (classical element), Sulfide, Hydrogen sulfide, Hydrothermal vent, Volcano, Planet, Chemistry, Acetylene, Earth science, Geology, Geochemistry, Sulfur, Organic chemistry, Paleontology, Biology, Physics, Mathematical physics, AstrophysicsTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
6Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 1, 2024: 1, 2023: 3, 2021: 1Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
40Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W3132062417 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/life11020149 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/life11020149 |
| ids.mag | 3132062417 |
| ids.pmid | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33669362 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W3132062417 |
| fwci | 0.86392676 |
| type | article |
| title | Formation of Thiophene under Simulated Volcanic Hydrothermal Conditions on Earth—Implications for Early Life on Extraterrestrial Planets? |
| biblio.issue | 2 |
| biblio.volume | 11 |
| biblio.last_page | 149 |
| biblio.first_page | 149 |
| grants[0].funder | https://openalex.org/F4320320879 |
| grants[0].award_id | 364653263—TRR 235 |
| grants[0].funder_display_name | Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T11445 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Physics and Astronomy |
| topics[0].score | 0.9991999864578247 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/3103 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Astronomy and Astrophysics |
| topics[0].display_name | Origins and Evolution of Life |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T10325 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Physics and Astronomy |
| topics[1].score | 0.9810000061988831 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/3103 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Astronomy and Astrophysics |
| topics[1].display_name | Astro and Planetary Science |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T12788 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Physics and Astronomy |
| topics[2].score | 0.9484000205993652 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/3103 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Astronomy and Astrophysics |
| topics[2].display_name | Space Science and Extraterrestrial Life |
| funders[0].id | https://openalex.org/F4320320879 |
| funders[0].ror | https://ror.org/018mejw64 |
| funders[0].display_name | Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 1800 |
| apc_list.currency | CHF |
| apc_list.value_usd | 1949 |
| apc_paid.value | 1800 |
| apc_paid.currency | CHF |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 1949 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C190161988 |
| concepts[0].level | 2 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.7751232385635376 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q231218 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Abiogenesis |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C87355193 |
| concepts[1].level | 1 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.7505221962928772 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Astrobiology |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C2779953032 |
| concepts[2].level | 2 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.7119845151901245 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q305364 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Thiophene |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C98536072 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.6968978643417358 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181508 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Extraterrestrial life |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C156622251 |
| concepts[4].level | 2 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.6297979354858398 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1036221 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Hydrothermal circulation |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C26148502 |
| concepts[5].level | 2 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.60858154296875 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2488752 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Earth (classical element) |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C2780596425 |
| concepts[6].level | 2 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.5530315041542053 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221205 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Sulfide |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C2780564542 |
| concepts[7].level | 3 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.5453216433525085 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170591 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Hydrogen sulfide |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C1898230 |
| concepts[8].level | 3 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.49881935119628906 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q867648 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Hydrothermal vent |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C120806208 |
| concepts[9].level | 2 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.4978024959564209 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8072 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Volcano |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C51244244 |
| concepts[10].level | 2 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.47891557216644287 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q634 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Planet |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C185592680 |
| concepts[11].level | 0 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.4138167202472687 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Chemistry |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C2777517455 |
| concepts[12].level | 2 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.4120123088359833 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133145 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Acetylene |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C1965285 |
| concepts[13].level | 1 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.4076988399028778 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8008 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Earth science |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C127313418 |
| concepts[14].level | 0 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.3960399031639099 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Geology |
| concepts[15].id | https://openalex.org/C17409809 |
| concepts[15].level | 1 |
| concepts[15].score | 0.33405056595802307 |
| concepts[15].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161764 |
| concepts[15].display_name | Geochemistry |
| concepts[16].id | https://openalex.org/C518881349 |
| concepts[16].level | 2 |
| concepts[16].score | 0.2581999599933624 |
| concepts[16].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682 |
| concepts[16].display_name | Sulfur |
| concepts[17].id | https://openalex.org/C178790620 |
| concepts[17].level | 1 |
| concepts[17].score | 0.1872468888759613 |
| concepts[17].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351 |
| concepts[17].display_name | Organic chemistry |
| concepts[18].id | https://openalex.org/C151730666 |
| concepts[18].level | 1 |
| concepts[18].score | 0.13924533128738403 |
| concepts[18].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205 |
| concepts[18].display_name | Paleontology |
| concepts[19].id | https://openalex.org/C86803240 |
| concepts[19].level | 0 |
| concepts[19].score | 0.0877537727355957 |
| concepts[19].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420 |
| concepts[19].display_name | Biology |
| concepts[20].id | https://openalex.org/C121332964 |
| concepts[20].level | 0 |
| concepts[20].score | 0.08221262693405151 |
| concepts[20].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413 |
| concepts[20].display_name | Physics |
| concepts[21].id | https://openalex.org/C37914503 |
| concepts[21].level | 1 |
| concepts[21].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[21].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495 |
| concepts[21].display_name | Mathematical physics |
| concepts[22].id | https://openalex.org/C44870925 |
| concepts[22].level | 1 |
| concepts[22].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[22].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547 |
| concepts[22].display_name | Astrophysics |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/abiogenesis |
| keywords[0].score | 0.7751232385635376 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Abiogenesis |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/astrobiology |
| keywords[1].score | 0.7505221962928772 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Astrobiology |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/thiophene |
| keywords[2].score | 0.7119845151901245 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Thiophene |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/extraterrestrial-life |
| keywords[3].score | 0.6968978643417358 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Extraterrestrial life |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrothermal-circulation |
| keywords[4].score | 0.6297979354858398 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Hydrothermal circulation |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/earth |
| keywords[5].score | 0.60858154296875 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Earth (classical element) |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/sulfide |
| keywords[6].score | 0.5530315041542053 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Sulfide |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogen-sulfide |
| keywords[7].score | 0.5453216433525085 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Hydrogen sulfide |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrothermal-vent |
| keywords[8].score | 0.49881935119628906 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Hydrothermal vent |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/volcano |
| keywords[9].score | 0.4978024959564209 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Volcano |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/planet |
| keywords[10].score | 0.47891557216644287 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Planet |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry |
| keywords[11].score | 0.4138167202472687 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Chemistry |
| keywords[12].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/acetylene |
| keywords[12].score | 0.4120123088359833 |
| keywords[12].display_name | Acetylene |
| keywords[13].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/earth-science |
| keywords[13].score | 0.4076988399028778 |
| keywords[13].display_name | Earth science |
| keywords[14].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/geology |
| keywords[14].score | 0.3960399031639099 |
| keywords[14].display_name | Geology |
| keywords[15].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/geochemistry |
| keywords[15].score | 0.33405056595802307 |
| keywords[15].display_name | Geochemistry |
| keywords[16].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/sulfur |
| keywords[16].score | 0.2581999599933624 |
| keywords[16].display_name | Sulfur |
| keywords[17].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/organic-chemistry |
| keywords[17].score | 0.1872468888759613 |
| keywords[17].display_name | Organic chemistry |
| keywords[18].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/paleontology |
| keywords[18].score | 0.13924533128738403 |
| keywords[18].display_name | Paleontology |
| keywords[19].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/biology |
| keywords[19].score | 0.0877537727355957 |
| keywords[19].display_name | Biology |
| keywords[20].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/physics |
| keywords[20].score | 0.08221262693405151 |
| keywords[20].display_name | Physics |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.3390/life11020149 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210200765 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 2075-1729 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 2075-1729 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Life |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/11/2/149/pdf?version=1613473142 |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Life |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/life11020149 |
| locations[1].id | pmid:33669362 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306525036 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | PubMed |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | True |
| locations[1].is_published | True |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | Life (Basel, Switzerland) |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33669362 |
| locations[2].id | pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7920246 |
| locations[2].is_oa | True |
| locations[2].source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764455111 |
| locations[2].source.issn | |
| locations[2].source.type | repository |
| locations[2].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.issn_l | |
| locations[2].source.is_core | False |
| locations[2].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[2].source.display_name | PubMed Central |
| locations[2].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[2].license | other-oa |
| locations[2].pdf_url | |
| locations[2].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | Text |
| locations[2].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa |
| locations[2].is_accepted | False |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | Life (Basel) |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7920246 |
| locations[3].id | pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:48c18f3b506544258dd344c7b8cb45e1 |
| locations[3].is_oa | True |
| locations[3].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401280 |
| locations[3].source.issn | |
| locations[3].source.type | repository |
| locations[3].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[3].source.issn_l | |
| locations[3].source.is_core | False |
| locations[3].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[3].source.display_name | DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
| locations[3].source.host_organization | |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_lineage | |
| locations[3].license | cc-by-sa |
| locations[3].pdf_url | |
| locations[3].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[3].raw_type | article |
| locations[3].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa |
| locations[3].is_accepted | False |
| locations[3].is_published | False |
| locations[3].raw_source_name | Life, Vol 11, Iss 2, p 149 (2021) |
| locations[3].landing_page_url | https://doaj.org/article/48c18f3b506544258dd344c7b8cb45e1 |
| locations[4].id | pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2075-1729/11/2/149/ |
| locations[4].is_oa | True |
| locations[4].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400947 |
| locations[4].source.issn | |
| locations[4].source.type | repository |
| locations[4].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[4].source.issn_l | |
| locations[4].source.is_core | False |
| locations[4].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[4].source.display_name | MDPI (MDPI AG) |
| locations[4].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I4210097602 |
| locations[4].source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland) |
| locations[4].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210097602 |
| locations[4].license | cc-by |
| locations[4].pdf_url | |
| locations[4].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[4].raw_type | Text |
| locations[4].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[4].is_accepted | False |
| locations[4].is_published | False |
| locations[4].raw_source_name | Life; Volume 11; Issue 2; Pages: 149 |
| locations[4].landing_page_url | https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11020149 |
| locations[5].id | pmh:oai:mediatum.ub.tum.de:node/1725967 |
| locations[5].is_oa | True |
| locations[5].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400453 |
| locations[5].source.issn | |
| locations[5].source.type | repository |
| locations[5].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[5].source.issn_l | |
| locations[5].source.is_core | False |
| locations[5].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[5].source.display_name | mediaTUM – the media and publications repository of the Technical University Munich (Technical University Munich) |
| locations[5].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I62916508 |
| locations[5].source.host_organization_name | Technical University of Munich |
| locations[5].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I62916508 |
| locations[5].license | other-oa |
| locations[5].pdf_url | |
| locations[5].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[5].raw_type | article |
| locations[5].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa |
| locations[5].is_accepted | False |
| locations[5].is_published | False |
| locations[5].raw_source_name | |
| locations[5].landing_page_url | https://mediatum.ub.tum.de/1725967 |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj, pubmed |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5048232618 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2157-8958 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Thomas Geisberger |
| authorships[0].countries | DE |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I62916508 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I62916508 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02kkvpp62 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I62916508 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | DE |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Technical University of Munich |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Thomas Geisberger |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5040870796 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Jessica Sobotta |
| authorships[1].countries | DE |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I62916508 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I62916508 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02kkvpp62 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I62916508 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | DE |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Technical University of Munich |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Jessica Sobotta |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5086504004 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9832-8279 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Wolfgang Eisenreich |
| authorships[2].countries | DE |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I62916508 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I62916508 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02kkvpp62 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I62916508 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | DE |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Technical University of Munich |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Wolfgang Eisenreich |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5027737147 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1204-8162 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Claudia Huber |
| authorships[3].countries | DE |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I62916508 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I62916508 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02kkvpp62 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I62916508 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | DE |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | Technical University of Munich |
| authorships[3].author_position | last |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Claudia Huber |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/11/2/149/pdf?version=1613473142 |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Formation of Thiophene under Simulated Volcanic Hydrothermal Conditions on Earth—Implications for Early Life on Extraterrestrial Planets? |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T11445 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Physics and Astronomy |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9991999864578247 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/3103 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Astronomy and Astrophysics |
| primary_topic.display_name | Origins and Evolution of Life |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W204050542, https://openalex.org/W2053209359, https://openalex.org/W3087284673, https://openalex.org/W4283171305, https://openalex.org/W2396682069, https://openalex.org/W1713748259, https://openalex.org/W2522860727, https://openalex.org/W2007254524, https://openalex.org/W2340573352, https://openalex.org/W4253252711 |
| cited_by_count | 6 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 1 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 1 |
| counts_by_year[2].year | 2023 |
| counts_by_year[2].cited_by_count | 3 |
| counts_by_year[3].year | 2021 |
| counts_by_year[3].cited_by_count | 1 |
| locations_count | 6 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.3390/life11020149 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210200765 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 2075-1729 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 2075-1729 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Life |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/11/2/149/pdf?version=1613473142 |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Life |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/life11020149 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.3390/life11020149 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210200765 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 2075-1729 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 2075-1729 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Life |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/11/2/149/pdf?version=1613473142 |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Life |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/life11020149 |
| publication_date | 2021-02-16 |
| publication_year | 2021 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W2805049645, https://openalex.org/W3008272946, https://openalex.org/W2061737109, https://openalex.org/W2143996386, https://openalex.org/W2146883327, https://openalex.org/W2093272502, https://openalex.org/W2021040766, https://openalex.org/W2111554410, https://openalex.org/W2050679213, https://openalex.org/W6735298272, https://openalex.org/W2416897034, https://openalex.org/W3015486556, https://openalex.org/W2514802745, https://openalex.org/W2056715505, https://openalex.org/W2026255826, https://openalex.org/W6601923117, https://openalex.org/W4205257009, https://openalex.org/W2021224521, https://openalex.org/W2051701918, https://openalex.org/W4256621780, https://openalex.org/W1979804898, https://openalex.org/W1988444153, https://openalex.org/W6673357538, https://openalex.org/W2148570407, https://openalex.org/W2007101531, https://openalex.org/W6642812507, https://openalex.org/W2165194928, https://openalex.org/W1979517583, https://openalex.org/W2167089460, https://openalex.org/W2015615576, https://openalex.org/W1499487178, https://openalex.org/W2089767555, https://openalex.org/W3017552003, https://openalex.org/W1970279804, https://openalex.org/W2105292824, https://openalex.org/W2091634284, https://openalex.org/W2002246071, https://openalex.org/W49710852, https://openalex.org/W2601968966, https://openalex.org/W2048506031 |
| referenced_works_count | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 17, 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.It | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.We | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 16, 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.at | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.be | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 28, 93, 102, 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 3, 47, 78, 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.or | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 20, 88, 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.400 | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.CoS | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.FeS | 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 44, 54, 63, 71, 99, 119, 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.can | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.due | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 122, 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.its | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 6, 32, 82, 123, 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.was | 1, 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.°C | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Mars | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.NiS, | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.also | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.even | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 24, 61, 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.have | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.here | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.same | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.show | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.such | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 52, 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.were | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2018. | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Early | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.acids | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.could | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fatty | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.metal | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.other | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sites | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.under | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Earth. | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.during | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.extant | 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.formed | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.origin | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Exactly | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.abiotic | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.earlier | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mission | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.organic | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.suggest | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sulfide | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.yielded | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.alumina. | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compound | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.detected | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hydrogen | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.indicate | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.planets. | 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.plethora | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.possible | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reacting | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reported | 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sulfides | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tempting | 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Curiosity | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Thiophene | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.acetylene | 43, 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.biomarker | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evolution | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.formation | 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.including | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.material. | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.molecules | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pyrolysis | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.simulated | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.suggested | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.therefore | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.thiophene | 34, 53, 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.volcanic, | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.biological | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.components | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conditions | 77, 84, 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.diagenesis | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.metabolism | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.thiophenes | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.transition | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.abiotically | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.derivatives | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.laboratory, | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.metabolism. | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.potentially | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.synthesized | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.well-suited | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hydrothermal | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.origin-of-life | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.extraterrestrial | 133 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 97 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 89 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5027737147 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 4 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I62916508 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.76164163 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |