From Oil Geopolitics to Mineral Geopolitics: China, the Lithium Triangle, and the Green Transition's Resource Paradox Article Swipe
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· 2025
· Open Access
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· DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17729310
The global energy transition, driven by the imperative to mitigate climate change, is fundamentally reshaping the landscape of international resource politics. This paper examines the critical shift from a geopolitics dominated by fossil fuels, particularly oil, to one increasingly centered on critical minerals essential for renewable energy technologies and electric vehicles. Specifically, it investigates China's strategic engagement within the "Lithium Triangle" – comprising Argentina, Bolivia, and Chile – which holds a significant portion of the world's lithium reserves. The study analyzes the historical parallels and divergences between oil and mineral geopolitics, highlighting how the quest for lithium is creating new dependencies, power dynamics, and potential conflicts. We explore the resource paradox inherent in the green transition, where the pursuit of environmental sustainability may exacerbate socio-environmental challenges and geopolitical competition in resource-rich developing nations. Through a comprehensive geopolitical analysis, this paper reveals China's multifaceted approach to securing lithium supplies, ranging from direct investments and acquisitions to diplomatic initiatives, and assesses the implications for the sovereignty and economic development of the Lithium Triangle nations. The findings underscore the urgent need for robust international governance frameworks and sustainable resource management strategies to ensure a truly equitable and green global energy future, mitigating the risks of a new scramble for resources.
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- Type
- article
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17729310
- OA Status
- green
- OpenAlex ID
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Raw OpenAlex JSON
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https://openalex.org/W7107872108Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
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https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17729310Digital Object Identifier
- Title
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From Oil Geopolitics to Mineral Geopolitics: China, the Lithium Triangle, and the Green Transition's Resource ParadoxWork title
- Type
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articleOpenAlex work type
- Publication year
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2025Year of publication
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2025-11-27Full publication date if available
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Revista, Zen, GEOGRAPHY, 10List of authors in order
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https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17729310Publisher landing page
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YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
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greenOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
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https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17729310Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
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Geopolitics, Natural resource economics, Sustainability, Resource (disambiguation), Corporate governance, Sustainable development, Sovereignty, Economics, Fossil fuel, Natural resource, Energy transition, Exploitation of natural resources, Resource curse, Renewable energy, Competition (biology), Parallels, Environmental resource management, Business, International trade, Global governance, Energy policy, Political science, Power (physics), Global warming, Economy, Energy security, Greenhouse gas, Environmental governance, Anthropocene, Climate change mitigation, Climate changeTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
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0Total citation count in OpenAlex
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| abstract_inverted_index.securing | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Triangle" | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analysis, | 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dominated | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dynamics, | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.equitable | 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.essential | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.landscape | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.parallels | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.politics. | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.potential | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.renewable | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reserves. | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reshaping | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.strategic | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.supplies, | 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.vehicles. | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Argentina, | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.challenges | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.comprising | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conflicts. | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.developing | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.diplomatic | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.engagement | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.exacerbate | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.frameworks | 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.governance | 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.historical | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.imperative | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.management | 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mitigating | 198 |
| abstract_inverted_index.resources. | 206 |
| abstract_inverted_index.strategies | 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.underscore | 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.competition | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.development | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.divergences | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.geopolitics | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.investments | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.significant | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sovereignty | 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sustainable | 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.transition, | 3, 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.acquisitions | 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.geopolitical | 127, 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.geopolitics, | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.highlighting | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.implications | 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increasingly | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.initiatives, | 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.investigates | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multifaceted | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.particularly | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.technologies | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Specifically, | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.comprehensive | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dependencies, | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.environmental | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fundamentally | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.international | 18, 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.resource-rich | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sustainability | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.socio-environmental | 124 |
| cited_by_percentile_year | |
| countries_distinct_count | 0 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 2 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.70958294 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |