Full range of mode I and II cracking performance of asphalt mixtures containing low to high reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) contents; modified by recycling agent and substituting of a softer binder Article Swipe
YOU?
·
· 2023
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2023.e02487
Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) is a recycled material that can decrease the consumption of virgin materials; however, it increases stiffness and brittleness, resulting in cracking. In this regard adding recycling agents and using soft binders can be a solution. In this study, base binder (PG 64–22) with recycling agent and softer binder (PG 58–22) are used to enhance the fracture behavior of asphalt mixtures containing low to high RAP contents (20%, 40%, and 60%). The fracture test was performed using a semi-circular bending (SCB) specimen under pure mode I, two mixed mode I and II, and pure mode II loading. Also, the effect of air voids content is reviewed. Results show that the addition of RAP in mixtures prepared with PG 64–22 binder and recycling agent increases the fracture toughness from 1.22 to 1.25, 1.27, and 130 MPa√m, and reduces the fracture energy from 3.46 to 3.44, 3.36, and 3.24 KJ/m2 (respectively for of 20%, 40% and 60% substitution). By comparing the effect of binder types, although the fracture toughness of mixtures prepared with PG 58–22 binder was lower than mixtures prepared with PG 64–22 binder and recycling agent (at most 11% lower), but the fracture energy of mixtures prepared with PG 58–22 binder was superior (6–19% higher). Based on the data, regression equations of linear trends were extracted, and the relationship between fracture toughness and fracture energy data was clustered and formalized.
Related Topics
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2023.e02487
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 27
- References
- 71
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4386865724
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4386865724Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2023.e02487Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Full range of mode I and II cracking performance of asphalt mixtures containing low to high reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) contents; modified by recycling agent and substituting of a softer binderWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2023Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2023-09-19Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Payam Bazoobandi, Hamid Reza Karimi, Seyed Roohollah Mousavi, Farman Karimi, M.R.M. AlihaList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2023.e02487Publisher landing page
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2023.e02487Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Materials science, Asphalt, Fracture toughness, Composite material, Cracking, Brittleness, Fracture (geology), Toughness, Fracture mechanics, Mixed modeTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
27Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 11, 2024: 14, 2023: 2Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
71Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4386865724 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2023.e02487 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2023.e02487 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4386865724 |
| fwci | 5.52168857 |
| type | article |
| title | Full range of mode I and II cracking performance of asphalt mixtures containing low to high reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) contents; modified by recycling agent and substituting of a softer binder |
| biblio.issue | |
| biblio.volume | 19 |
| biblio.last_page | e02487 |
| biblio.first_page | e02487 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10264 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[0].score | 1.0 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2205 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Civil and Structural Engineering |
| topics[0].display_name | Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T11606 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[1].score | 0.9994999766349792 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2205 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Civil and Structural Engineering |
| topics[1].display_name | Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T10687 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[2].score | 0.9932000041007996 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2205 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Civil and Structural Engineering |
| topics[2].display_name | Innovative concrete reinforcement materials |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 600 |
| apc_list.currency | USD |
| apc_list.value_usd | 600 |
| apc_paid.value | 600 |
| apc_paid.currency | USD |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 600 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C192562407 |
| concepts[0].level | 0 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.8309144973754883 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Materials science |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C168056786 |
| concepts[1].level | 2 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.7937097549438477 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202251 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Asphalt |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C97549433 |
| concepts[2].level | 2 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.7124189734458923 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q911969 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Fracture toughness |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C159985019 |
| concepts[3].level | 1 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.7080245018005371 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Composite material |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C58396970 |
| concepts[4].level | 2 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.6585615873336792 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212749 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Cracking |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C136478896 |
| concepts[5].level | 2 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.5504056215286255 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898288 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Brittleness |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C43369102 |
| concepts[6].level | 2 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.5339191555976868 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2307625 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Fracture (geology) |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C99595764 |
| concepts[7].level | 2 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.4553731679916382 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486802 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Toughness |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C59085676 |
| concepts[8].level | 2 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.44949033856391907 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q957852 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Fracture mechanics |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C2986550218 |
| concepts[9].level | 2 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.4191523790359497 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6883855 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Mixed mode |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science |
| keywords[0].score | 0.8309144973754883 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Materials science |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/asphalt |
| keywords[1].score | 0.7937097549438477 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Asphalt |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/fracture-toughness |
| keywords[2].score | 0.7124189734458923 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Fracture toughness |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material |
| keywords[3].score | 0.7080245018005371 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Composite material |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/cracking |
| keywords[4].score | 0.6585615873336792 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Cracking |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/brittleness |
| keywords[5].score | 0.5504056215286255 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Brittleness |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/fracture |
| keywords[6].score | 0.5339191555976868 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Fracture (geology) |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/toughness |
| keywords[7].score | 0.4553731679916382 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Toughness |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/fracture-mechanics |
| keywords[8].score | 0.44949033856391907 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Fracture mechanics |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/mixed-mode |
| keywords[9].score | 0.4191523790359497 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Mixed mode |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.1016/j.cscm.2023.e02487 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764881959 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 2214-5095 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 2214-5095 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Case Studies in Construction Materials |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Elsevier BV |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | Elsevier BV |
| locations[0].license | cc-by-nc-nd |
| locations[0].pdf_url | |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Case Studies in Construction Materials |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2023.e02487 |
| locations[1].id | pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:36a7aa98fe274bcb85c0ef82b6586d2e |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401280 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | article |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | False |
| locations[1].is_published | False |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | Case Studies in Construction Materials, Vol 19, Iss , Pp e02487- (2023) |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://doaj.org/article/36a7aa98fe274bcb85c0ef82b6586d2e |
| locations[2].id | pmh:oai:re.public.polimi.it:11311/1263210 |
| locations[2].is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400312 |
| locations[2].source.issn | |
| locations[2].source.type | repository |
| locations[2].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.issn_l | |
| locations[2].source.is_core | False |
| locations[2].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[2].source.display_name | Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha) |
| locations[2].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I79189158 |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_name | University of Castilla-La Mancha |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I79189158 |
| locations[2].license | |
| locations[2].pdf_url | |
| locations[2].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
| locations[2].license_id | |
| locations[2].is_accepted | False |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | https://hdl.handle.net/11311/1263210 |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5015036285 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Payam Bazoobandi |
| authorships[0].countries | IR |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I67009956 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Narmak, 16846-13114, Tehran, Iran |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I67009956 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01jw2p796 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I67009956 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | IR |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Iran University of Science and Technology |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Payam Bazoobandi |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Narmak, 16846-13114, Tehran, Iran |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5059903434 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1206-9932 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Hamid Reza Karimi |
| authorships[1].countries | IR |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I67009956 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Narmak, 16846-13114, Tehran, Iran |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I67009956 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01jw2p796 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I67009956 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | IR |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Iran University of Science and Technology |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Hamid Reza Karimi |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Narmak, 16846-13114, Tehran, Iran |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5005536389 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8936-9378 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Seyed Roohollah Mousavi |
| authorships[2].countries | IR |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I180634299 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Civil Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I180634299 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02n43xw86 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I180634299 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | IR |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | University of Sistan and Baluchestan |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Seyed Roohollah Mousavi |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Civil Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5111173522 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Farman Karimi |
| authorships[3].countries | IR |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I180634299 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Civil Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I180634299 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02n43xw86 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I180634299 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | IR |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | University of Sistan and Baluchestan |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Farman Karimi |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Civil Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5014708850 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9451-0949 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | M.R.M. Aliha |
| authorships[4].countries | IR |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I67009956 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Welding and Joining Research Center, School of Industrial Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Narmak, 16846-13114, Tehran, Iran |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I67009956 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01jw2p796 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I67009956 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | IR |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | Iran University of Science and Technology |
| authorships[4].author_position | last |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | M.R.M. Aliha |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | Welding and Joining Research Center, School of Industrial Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Narmak, 16846-13114, Tehran, Iran |
| has_content.pdf | False |
| has_content.grobid_xml | False |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2023.e02487 |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2023-09-20T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Full range of mode I and II cracking performance of asphalt mixtures containing low to high reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) contents; modified by recycling agent and substituting of a softer binder |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10264 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Engineering |
| primary_topic.score | 1.0 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2205 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Civil and Structural Engineering |
| primary_topic.display_name | Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W805644668, https://openalex.org/W2323144503, https://openalex.org/W4283576875, https://openalex.org/W2353759682, https://openalex.org/W2801283508, https://openalex.org/W2067220566, https://openalex.org/W2747869055, https://openalex.org/W2026634992, https://openalex.org/W2977377321, https://openalex.org/W2113866054 |
| cited_by_count | 27 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 11 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 14 |
| counts_by_year[2].year | 2023 |
| counts_by_year[2].cited_by_count | 2 |
| locations_count | 3 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.1016/j.cscm.2023.e02487 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764881959 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 2214-5095 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 2214-5095 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Case Studies in Construction Materials |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Elsevier BV |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Elsevier BV |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by-nc-nd |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Case Studies in Construction Materials |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2023.e02487 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.1016/j.cscm.2023.e02487 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764881959 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 2214-5095 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 2214-5095 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Case Studies in Construction Materials |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Elsevier BV |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Elsevier BV |
| primary_location.license | cc-by-nc-nd |
| primary_location.pdf_url | |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Case Studies in Construction Materials |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2023.e02487 |
| publication_date | 2023-09-19 |
| publication_year | 2023 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W2915482445, https://openalex.org/W4307958453, https://openalex.org/W4292075561, https://openalex.org/W4294591052, https://openalex.org/W4200292378, https://openalex.org/W3105762914, https://openalex.org/W4319970159, https://openalex.org/W3037695088, https://openalex.org/W3037822631, https://openalex.org/W3213215341, https://openalex.org/W1964717503, https://openalex.org/W4313887332, https://openalex.org/W6796660784, https://openalex.org/W3197739307, https://openalex.org/W2997144215, https://openalex.org/W4319744490, https://openalex.org/W4283804501, https://openalex.org/W4283817604, https://openalex.org/W4313855057, https://openalex.org/W3138031155, https://openalex.org/W2199651922, https://openalex.org/W4206414353, https://openalex.org/W4318940489, https://openalex.org/W4311419978, https://openalex.org/W4283576217, https://openalex.org/W6804854302, https://openalex.org/W6793351641, https://openalex.org/W6802501298, https://openalex.org/W3121204321, https://openalex.org/W4308526186, https://openalex.org/W4321379020, https://openalex.org/W4324361464, https://openalex.org/W6854716588, https://openalex.org/W2931077381, https://openalex.org/W2014310551, https://openalex.org/W2897668890, https://openalex.org/W2910532866, https://openalex.org/W6787362441, https://openalex.org/W2333676786, https://openalex.org/W2761290562, https://openalex.org/W2115162369, https://openalex.org/W2075188834, https://openalex.org/W2137490087, https://openalex.org/W2797307744, https://openalex.org/W4310121779, https://openalex.org/W4362604099, https://openalex.org/W2014932468, https://openalex.org/W2898412402, https://openalex.org/W3187858086, https://openalex.org/W6852692383, https://openalex.org/W3125623834, https://openalex.org/W1966626831, https://openalex.org/W6852392182, https://openalex.org/W3111811683, https://openalex.org/W4226530760, https://openalex.org/W2538556785, https://openalex.org/W4315471553, https://openalex.org/W4366572611, https://openalex.org/W3081855082, https://openalex.org/W6853157612, https://openalex.org/W2724444525, https://openalex.org/W3185767724, https://openalex.org/W4375945888, https://openalex.org/W3171000033, https://openalex.org/W4384295964, https://openalex.org/W3204330138, https://openalex.org/W3151491119, https://openalex.org/W3113304646, https://openalex.org/W4377019135, https://openalex.org/W4379790553, https://openalex.org/W4200140059 |
| referenced_works_count | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.I | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 5, 37, 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.By | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.I, | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.II | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In | 25, 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.PG | 120, 174, 183, 201 |
| abstract_inverted_index.be | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 23, 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 4, 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.it | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 13, 61, 103, 114, 153, 163, 170, 197, 214 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 209 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 56, 66, 132, 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(PG | 44, 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(at | 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.11% | 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.130 | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.40% | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.60% | 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.II, | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.RAP | 68, 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.air | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 20, 31, 49, 72, 93, 95, 123, 135, 138, 148, 156, 186, 219, 225, 231 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.but | 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.can | 9, 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.low | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 11, 58, 101, 112, 127, 140, 161, 167, 194, 210, 220 |
| abstract_inverted_index.two | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.was | 77, 177, 204, 229 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1.22 | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.20%, | 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.3.24 | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.3.46 | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.40%, | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.base | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.data | 228 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 130, 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.high | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mode | 87, 91, 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.most | 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pure | 86, 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.show | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.soft | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.test | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.than | 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 8, 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 26, 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.used | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.were | 217 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 46, 119, 173, 182, 200 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(20%, | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(RAP) | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(SCB) | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1.25, | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1.27, | 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.3.36, | 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.3.44, | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.60%). | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Also, | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Based | 208 |
| abstract_inverted_index.KJ/m2 | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.agent | 48, 125, 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.data, | 211 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lower | 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mixed | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.under | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.using | 32, 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.voids | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.adding | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.agents | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.binder | 43, 51, 122, 164, 176, 185, 203 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effect | 102, 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.energy | 142, 196, 227 |
| abstract_inverted_index.linear | 215 |
| abstract_inverted_index.regard | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.softer | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study, | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.trends | 216 |
| abstract_inverted_index.types, | 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.virgin | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.58–22 | 175, 202 |
| abstract_inverted_index.64–22 | 121, 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Results | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.asphalt | 1, 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.bending | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.between | 222 |
| abstract_inverted_index.binders | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.content | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.enhance | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lower), | 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reduces | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(6–19% | 206 |
| abstract_inverted_index.58–22) | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.64–22) | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.MPa√m, | 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.addition | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.although | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.behavior | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.contents | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.decrease | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fracture | 59, 75, 128, 141, 168, 195, 223, 226 |
| abstract_inverted_index.higher). | 207 |
| abstract_inverted_index.however, | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.loading. | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.material | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mixtures | 63, 117, 171, 180, 198 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pavement | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.prepared | 118, 172, 181, 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.recycled | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.specimen | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.superior | 205 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Reclaimed | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.clustered | 230 |
| abstract_inverted_index.comparing | 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cracking. | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.equations | 213 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increases | 18, 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.performed | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.recycling | 29, 47, 124, 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.resulting | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reviewed. | 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.solution. | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stiffness | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.toughness | 129, 169, 224 |
| abstract_inverted_index.containing | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.extracted, | 218 |
| abstract_inverted_index.materials; | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.regression | 212 |
| abstract_inverted_index.consumption | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.formalized. | 232 |
| abstract_inverted_index.brittleness, | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.relationship | 221 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(respectively | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.semi-circular | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.substitution). | 158 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 99 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 94 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5059903434 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 5 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I67009956 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.5699999928474426 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Affordable and clean energy |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.95814303 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | True |