Gain measurements on VCSEL material using segmented contact technique Article Swipe
Curtis Hentschel
,
Craig P. Allford
,
S-J Gillgrass
,
Josie Travers-Nabialek
,
Richard Forrest
,
Jack Baker
,
James Meiklejohn
,
Denise Powell
,
W. Meredith
,
M. Haji
,
J. I. Davies
,
Samuel Shutts
,
Peter M. Smowton
·
YOU?
·
· 2023
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/acaf0b
YOU?
·
· 2023
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/acaf0b
We report direct measurements of the optical gain on vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) material using a stripe-length method featuring segmented contacts. We utilise the similarity of the in-plane transverse electric (TE) polarised matrix element and that of the VCSEL lasing mode and a simple method to reduce round trip effects. The confinement factor is determined from cold-cavity simulations of the in-plane TE polarised slab waveguide mode and used to convert the measured in-plane modal gain into the vertical-cavity modal gain, as required for the VCSEL structure. This gives a threshold material gain of 1440 ± 140 cm −1 at 30 °C for this structure. A comparison with the threshold material gain values determined from the lasing condition, where internal optical losses due to doping induced absorption is included using parameters taken from the literature, indicates the presence of an additional source of optical loss in the experiment which increases the threshold material gain by ∼450 cm −1 . A best fit is obtained by increasing the optical loss in the n-DBR (distributed Bragg reflectors) layers to 40 cm −1 , which is consistent with previous work on additional scattering losses due to interface roughening in the n-DBR layers. To further demonstrate the utility of this method for rapid optimisation, the gain-peak wavelength is measured directly, and its temperature dependence is compared to the lasing wavelength.
Related Topics
Concepts
Lasing threshold
Materials science
Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser
Optics
Wavelength
Optoelectronics
Laser
Distributed Bragg reflector laser
Distributed Bragg reflector
Gain
Active laser medium
Absorption (acoustics)
Transverse mode
Semiconductor laser theory
Semiconductor
Laser power scaling
Physics
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/acaf0b
- https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6463/acaf0b/pdf
- OA Status
- hybrid
- Cited By
- 4
- References
- 44
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4318619045
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4318619045Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/acaf0bDigital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Gain measurements on VCSEL material using segmented contact techniqueWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2023Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2023-01-31Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Curtis Hentschel, Craig P. Allford, S-J Gillgrass, Josie Travers-Nabialek, Richard Forrest, Jack Baker, James Meiklejohn, Denise Powell, W. Meredith, M. Haji, J. I. Davies, Samuel Shutts, Peter M. SmowtonList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/acaf0bPublisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6463/acaf0b/pdfDirect link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
hybridOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
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https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6463/acaf0b/pdfDirect OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Lasing threshold, Materials science, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, Optics, Wavelength, Optoelectronics, Laser, Distributed Bragg reflector laser, Distributed Bragg reflector, Gain, Active laser medium, Absorption (acoustics), Transverse mode, Semiconductor laser theory, Semiconductor, Laser power scaling, PhysicsTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
4Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 4Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
44Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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| abstract_inverted_index.wavelength | 212 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cold-cavity | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.confinement | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.demonstrate | 201 |
| abstract_inverted_index.literature, | 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reflectors) | 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.simulations | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.temperature | 218 |
| abstract_inverted_index.wavelength. | 225 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(distributed | 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.measurements | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.optimisation, | 209 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stripe-length | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.vertical-cavity | 10, 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.surface-emitting | 11 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 98 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 97 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5020587063 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 13 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I1299528221, https://openalex.org/I79510175 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.66137417 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |