Gas–Water Two-Phase Flow Mechanisms in Deep Tight Gas Reservoirs: Insights from Nanofluidics Article Swipe
Xuehao Pei
,
Caili Dai
,
Cuili Wang
,
Junjie Zhong
,
Xiaopu Ren
,
Zengding Wang
,
C. Peng
,
Qihui Zhang
,
Ningtao Zhang
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15201601
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15201601
Understanding gas–water two-phase flow mechanisms in deep tight gas reservoirs is critical for improving production performance and mitigating water invasion. However, the effects of pore-throat-fracture multiscale structures on gas–water flow remain inadequately understood, particularly under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions (HT/HP). In this study, we developed visualizable multiscale throat-pore and throat-pore-fracture physical nanofluidic chip models (feature sizes 500 nm–100 μm) parameterized with Keshen block geological data in the Tarim Basin. We then established an HT/HP nanofluidic platform (rated to 240 °C, 120 MPa; operated at 100 °C, 100 MPa) and, using optical microscopy, directly visualized spontaneous water imbibition and gas–water displacement in the throat-pore and throat-pore-fracture nanofluidic chips and quantified fluid saturation, front velocity, and threshold pressure gradients. The results revealed that the spontaneous imbibition process follows a three-stage evolution controlled by capillarity, gas compression, and pore-scale heterogeneity. Nanoscale throats and microscale pores exhibit good connectivity, facilitating rapid imbibition without significant scale-induced resistance. In contrast, 100 μm fractures create preferential flow paths, leading to enhanced micro-scale water locking and faster gas–water equilibrium. The matrix gas displacement threshold gradient remains below 0.3 MPa/cm, with the cross-scale Jamin effect—rather than capillarity—dominating displacement resistance. At higher pressure gradients (~1 MPa/cm), water is efficiently expelled to low saturations via nanoscale throat networks. This work provides an experimental platform for visualizing gas–water flow in multiscale porous media under ultra-high temperature and pressure conditions and offers mechanistic insights to guide gas injection strategies and water management in deep tight gas reservoirs.
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- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15201601
- https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/20/1601/pdf?version=1761048438
- OA Status
- gold
- References
- 36
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4415402191
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Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
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https://openalex.org/W4415402191Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
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https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15201601Digital Object Identifier
- Title
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Gas–Water Two-Phase Flow Mechanisms in Deep Tight Gas Reservoirs: Insights from NanofluidicsWork title
- Type
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articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
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enPrimary language
- Publication year
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2025Year of publication
- Publication date
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2025-10-21Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Xuehao Pei, Caili Dai, Cuili Wang, Junjie Zhong, Xiaopu Ren, Zengding Wang, C. Peng, Qihui Zhang, Ningtao ZhangList of authors in order
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-
https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15201601Publisher landing page
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https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/20/1601/pdf?version=1761048438Direct link to full text PDF
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YesWhether a free full text is available
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goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
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https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/20/1601/pdf?version=1761048438Direct OA link when available
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0Total citation count in OpenAlex
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