Generating gnotobiotic bivalves: a new method on Manila clam ( Ruditapes philippinarum ) Article Swipe
Marialaura Gallo
,
Andrea Quagliariello
,
Giulia Dalla Rovere
,
Federica Maietti
,
Barbara Cardazzo
,
Luca Peruzza
,
Luca Bargelloni
,
Maria Elena Martino
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.01189-24
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.01189-24
Understanding how microbiomes influence the physiology of animal hosts requires detailed mechanistic insights, often obtained through gnotobiological approaches. Model organisms are central to this research, offering key advantages such as experimental tractability, reproducibility, and ease of manipulation. However, there is a lack of established gnotobiotic models for the marine environment—especially for bivalves, which play a critical role in ecosystem functioning. This gap is particularly important in the context of climate change, where harnessing microbiome resilience could mitigate environmental challenges and enhance host responses. In this study, we present a protocol to generate microbiome-depleted and gnotobiotic clams ( Ruditapes philippinarum ), one of the most widely farmed molluscs in the world and a key sentinel species for environmental and climate change impacts. Our microbiome depletion protocol effectively eliminated all detectable bacterial genera in the clams, with the exception of Endozoicomonas elysicola , which was identified solely by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and not by cultivation methods. In addition, we developed a microbiome transplantation protocol using inoculation of a mock bacterial community that successfully colonized the recipient clams within 1 h of transplantation. By extending gnotobiotic methods to marine invertebrates, this work opens new avenues for investigating microbial influences on ecologically and economically important species, particularly under the pressure of a changing climate. IMPORTANCE The extensive diversity of host-microbe symbioses across ecosystems requires the use of different models to identify conserved and specific processes underlying such relationships. The need for novel models is particularly relevant in the context of the rapid environmental modifications due to climate change. Bivalve molluscs play a crucial role in the functioning of marine ecosystems. In this study, we present the first experimental protocol for the generation of gnotobiotic clams of the species Ruditapes philippinarum , one of the most widely farmed molluscs in the world, and a sentinel organism for environmental pollution. Our work extends the current technical understanding of the establishment of gnotobiotic animals, providing an important method for testing research hypotheses on a key taxonomic group in animal ecology. This study will also open new avenues for investigating the influence of microorganisms on animal health and elucidate the transferability of mechanisms studied predominantly in vertebrates to marine invertebrates.
Related Topics
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.01189-24
- OA Status
- gold
- References
- 59
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4413139623
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4413139623Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.01189-24Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Generating gnotobiotic bivalves: a new method on Manila clam ( Ruditapes philippinarum )Work title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2025Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2025-08-14Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Marialaura Gallo, Andrea Quagliariello, Giulia Dalla Rovere, Federica Maietti, Barbara Cardazzo, Luca Peruzza, Luca Bargelloni, Maria Elena MartinoList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.01189-24Publisher landing page
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.01189-24Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Fishery, Bivalvia, Biology, Geography, Zoology, Ecology, MolluscaTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
0Total citation count in OpenAlex
- References (count)
-
59Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4413139623 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.01189-24 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.01189-24 |
| ids.pmid | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40810543 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4413139623 |
| fwci | 0.0 |
| mesh[0].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[0].descriptor_ui | D000818 |
| mesh[0].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[0].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[0].descriptor_name | Animals |
| mesh[1].qualifier_ui | Q000382 |
| mesh[1].descriptor_ui | D049872 |
| mesh[1].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[1].qualifier_name | microbiology |
| mesh[1].descriptor_name | Bivalvia |
| mesh[2].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[2].descriptor_ui | D005856 |
| mesh[2].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[2].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[2].descriptor_name | Germ-Free Life |
| mesh[3].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[3].descriptor_ui | D064307 |
| mesh[3].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[3].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[3].descriptor_name | Microbiota |
| mesh[4].qualifier_ui | Q000235 |
| mesh[4].descriptor_ui | D001419 |
| mesh[4].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[4].qualifier_name | genetics |
| mesh[4].descriptor_name | Bacteria |
| mesh[5].qualifier_ui | Q000145 |
| mesh[5].descriptor_ui | D001419 |
| mesh[5].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[5].qualifier_name | classification |
| mesh[5].descriptor_name | Bacteria |
| mesh[6].qualifier_ui | Q000302 |
| mesh[6].descriptor_ui | D001419 |
| mesh[6].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[6].qualifier_name | isolation & purification |
| mesh[6].descriptor_name | Bacteria |
| mesh[7].qualifier_ui | Q000235 |
| mesh[7].descriptor_ui | D012336 |
| mesh[7].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[7].qualifier_name | genetics |
| mesh[7].descriptor_name | RNA, Ribosomal, 16S |
| mesh[8].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[8].descriptor_ui | D000818 |
| mesh[8].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[8].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[8].descriptor_name | Animals |
| mesh[9].qualifier_ui | Q000382 |
| mesh[9].descriptor_ui | D049872 |
| mesh[9].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[9].qualifier_name | microbiology |
| mesh[9].descriptor_name | Bivalvia |
| mesh[10].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[10].descriptor_ui | D005856 |
| mesh[10].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[10].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[10].descriptor_name | Germ-Free Life |
| mesh[11].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[11].descriptor_ui | D064307 |
| mesh[11].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[11].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[11].descriptor_name | Microbiota |
| mesh[12].qualifier_ui | Q000235 |
| mesh[12].descriptor_ui | D001419 |
| mesh[12].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[12].qualifier_name | genetics |
| mesh[12].descriptor_name | Bacteria |
| mesh[13].qualifier_ui | Q000145 |
| mesh[13].descriptor_ui | D001419 |
| mesh[13].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[13].qualifier_name | classification |
| mesh[13].descriptor_name | Bacteria |
| mesh[14].qualifier_ui | Q000302 |
| mesh[14].descriptor_ui | D001419 |
| mesh[14].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[14].qualifier_name | isolation & purification |
| mesh[14].descriptor_name | Bacteria |
| mesh[15].qualifier_ui | Q000235 |
| mesh[15].descriptor_ui | D012336 |
| mesh[15].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[15].qualifier_name | genetics |
| mesh[15].descriptor_name | RNA, Ribosomal, 16S |
| type | article |
| title | Generating gnotobiotic bivalves: a new method on Manila clam ( Ruditapes philippinarum ) |
| biblio.issue | 10 |
| biblio.volume | 13 |
| biblio.last_page | e0118924 |
| biblio.first_page | e0118924 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T11088 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Environmental Science |
| topics[0].score | 0.9955000281333923 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2306 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Global and Planetary Change |
| topics[0].display_name | Marine Bivalve and Aquaculture Studies |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T12596 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/11 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Agricultural and Biological Sciences |
| topics[1].score | 0.9628999829292297 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/1 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Life Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1105 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics |
| topics[1].display_name | Cephalopods and Marine Biology |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T12097 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Environmental Science |
| topics[2].score | 0.9490000009536743 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2303 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Ecology |
| topics[2].display_name | Aquatic Invertebrate Ecology and Behavior |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 2500 |
| apc_list.currency | USD |
| apc_list.value_usd | 2500 |
| apc_paid.value | 2500 |
| apc_paid.currency | USD |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 2500 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C505870484 |
| concepts[0].level | 1 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.5303581357002258 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180538 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Fishery |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C2779586492 |
| concepts[1].level | 3 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.4934753179550171 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25368 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Bivalvia |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C86803240 |
| concepts[2].level | 0 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.4537733197212219 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Biology |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C205649164 |
| concepts[3].level | 0 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.4354846477508545 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Geography |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C90856448 |
| concepts[4].level | 1 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.3734700679779053 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Zoology |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C18903297 |
| concepts[5].level | 1 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.37103471159935 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Ecology |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C2776249982 |
| concepts[6].level | 2 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.3511013984680176 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25326 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Mollusca |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/fishery |
| keywords[0].score | 0.5303581357002258 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Fishery |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/bivalvia |
| keywords[1].score | 0.4934753179550171 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Bivalvia |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/biology |
| keywords[2].score | 0.4537733197212219 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Biology |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/geography |
| keywords[3].score | 0.4354846477508545 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Geography |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/zoology |
| keywords[4].score | 0.3734700679779053 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Zoology |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology |
| keywords[5].score | 0.37103471159935 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Ecology |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/mollusca |
| keywords[6].score | 0.3511013984680176 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Mollusca |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.1128/spectrum.01189-24 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764766708 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 2165-0497 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 2165-0497 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Microbiology Spectrum |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320263 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | American Society for Microbiology |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320263 |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Microbiology Spectrum |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.01189-24 |
| locations[1].id | pmid:40810543 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306525036 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | PubMed |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | True |
| locations[1].is_published | True |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | Microbiology spectrum |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40810543 |
| locations[2].id | pmh:oai:www.research.unipd.it:11577/3561604 |
| locations[2].is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306402448 |
| locations[2].source.issn | |
| locations[2].source.type | repository |
| locations[2].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.issn_l | |
| locations[2].source.is_core | False |
| locations[2].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[2].source.display_name | Padua Research Archive (University of Padua) |
| locations[2].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I138689650 |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_name | University of Padua |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I138689650 |
| locations[2].license | |
| locations[2].pdf_url | |
| locations[2].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
| locations[2].license_id | |
| locations[2].is_accepted | False |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | https://hdl.handle.net/11577/3561604 |
| locations[3].id | pmh:oai:europepmc.org:11314545 |
| locations[3].is_oa | True |
| locations[3].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400806 |
| locations[3].source.issn | |
| locations[3].source.type | repository |
| locations[3].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[3].source.issn_l | |
| locations[3].source.is_core | False |
| locations[3].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[3].source.display_name | Europe PMC (PubMed Central) |
| locations[3].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1303153112 |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_name | European Bioinformatics Institute |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1303153112 |
| locations[3].license | other-oa |
| locations[3].pdf_url | |
| locations[3].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[3].raw_type | Text |
| locations[3].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa |
| locations[3].is_accepted | False |
| locations[3].is_published | False |
| locations[3].raw_source_name | |
| locations[3].landing_page_url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12506633 |
| locations[4].id | pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f8449785304346bd99e6a92c4dfb083a |
| locations[4].is_oa | False |
| locations[4].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401280 |
| locations[4].source.issn | |
| locations[4].source.type | repository |
| locations[4].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[4].source.issn_l | |
| locations[4].source.is_core | False |
| locations[4].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[4].source.display_name | DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
| locations[4].source.host_organization | |
| locations[4].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[4].source.host_organization_lineage | |
| locations[4].license | |
| locations[4].pdf_url | |
| locations[4].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[4].raw_type | article |
| locations[4].license_id | |
| locations[4].is_accepted | False |
| locations[4].is_published | False |
| locations[4].raw_source_name | Microbiology Spectrum, Vol 13, Iss 10 (2025) |
| locations[4].landing_page_url | https://doaj.org/article/f8449785304346bd99e6a92c4dfb083a |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj, pubmed |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5039163585 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Marialaura Gallo |
| authorships[0].countries | IT |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I138689650 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Padua, Italy |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I138689650 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00240q980 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I138689650 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | IT |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | University of Padua |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Marialaura Gallo |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Padua, Italy |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5062793026 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3941-3684 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Andrea Quagliariello |
| authorships[1].countries | IT |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I138689650 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Padua, Italy |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I138689650 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00240q980 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I138689650 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | IT |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | University of Padua |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Andrea Quagliariello |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Padua, Italy |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5010298999 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9504-2454 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Giulia Dalla Rovere |
| authorships[2].countries | IT |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I138689650 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Padua, Italy |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I138689650 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00240q980 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I138689650 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | IT |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | University of Padua |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Giulia Dalla Rovere |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Padua, Italy |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5097277621 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Federica Maietti |
| authorships[3].countries | IT |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I138689650 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Padua, Italy |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I138689650 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00240q980 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I138689650 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | IT |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | University of Padua |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Federica Maietti |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Padua, Italy |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5029042706 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1621-4287 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Barbara Cardazzo |
| authorships[4].countries | IT |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I138689650 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Padua, Italy |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I138689650 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00240q980 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I138689650 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | IT |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | University of Padua |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Barbara Cardazzo |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Padua, Italy |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5048072299 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5001-8653 |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | Luca Peruzza |
| authorships[5].countries | IT |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I138689650 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Padua, Italy |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I138689650 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00240q980 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I138689650 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code | IT |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name | University of Padua |
| authorships[5].author_position | middle |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | Luca Peruzza |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Padua, Italy |
| authorships[6].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5060820323 |
| authorships[6].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4351-2826 |
| authorships[6].author.display_name | Luca Bargelloni |
| authorships[6].countries | IT |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I138689650 |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Padua, Italy |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I138689650 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00240q980 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I138689650 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].country_code | IT |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].display_name | University of Padua |
| authorships[6].author_position | middle |
| authorships[6].raw_author_name | Luca Bargelloni |
| authorships[6].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[6].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Padua, Italy |
| authorships[7].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5042518440 |
| authorships[7].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5038-5605 |
| authorships[7].author.display_name | Maria Elena Martino |
| authorships[7].countries | IT |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I138689650 |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Padua, Italy |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I138689650 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00240q980 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I138689650 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].country_code | IT |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].display_name | University of Padua |
| authorships[7].author_position | last |
| authorships[7].raw_author_name | Maria Elena Martino |
| authorships[7].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[7].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Padua, Italy |
| has_content.pdf | False |
| has_content.grobid_xml | False |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.01189-24 |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-08-16T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Generating gnotobiotic bivalves: a new method on Manila clam ( Ruditapes philippinarum ) |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T11088 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Environmental Science |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9955000281333923 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2306 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Global and Planetary Change |
| primary_topic.display_name | Marine Bivalve and Aquaculture Studies |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W1828586155, https://openalex.org/W2521013255, https://openalex.org/W386760582, https://openalex.org/W2525565662, https://openalex.org/W11718078, https://openalex.org/W2741232433, https://openalex.org/W2136042365, https://openalex.org/W2052517072, https://openalex.org/W2246356962, https://openalex.org/W2626469608 |
| cited_by_count | 0 |
| locations_count | 5 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.1128/spectrum.01189-24 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764766708 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 2165-0497 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 2165-0497 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Microbiology Spectrum |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320263 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | American Society for Microbiology |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320263 |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Microbiology Spectrum |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.01189-24 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.1128/spectrum.01189-24 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764766708 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 2165-0497 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 2165-0497 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Microbiology Spectrum |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320263 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | American Society for Microbiology |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320263 |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Microbiology Spectrum |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.01189-24 |
| publication_date | 2025-08-14 |
| publication_year | 2025 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W1694538241, https://openalex.org/W2903733115, https://openalex.org/W4224436908, https://openalex.org/W3093405588, https://openalex.org/W2469986620, https://openalex.org/W3001098195, https://openalex.org/W2922854637, https://openalex.org/W2122125017, https://openalex.org/W2065780315, https://openalex.org/W2808944050, https://openalex.org/W2580619720, https://openalex.org/W1577770024, https://openalex.org/W2946180729, https://openalex.org/W2145158133, https://openalex.org/W2733956321, https://openalex.org/W2077616844, https://openalex.org/W2333019135, https://openalex.org/W4404092882, https://openalex.org/W3125533458, https://openalex.org/W1605911775, https://openalex.org/W2044413293, https://openalex.org/W4283777772, https://openalex.org/W4380291537, https://openalex.org/W4205540330, https://openalex.org/W3154250077, https://openalex.org/W2901083517, https://openalex.org/W3139026324, https://openalex.org/W2134935827, https://openalex.org/W2800222992, https://openalex.org/W4381988741, https://openalex.org/W1974535703, https://openalex.org/W2035261375, https://openalex.org/W2156468063, https://openalex.org/W2107581378, https://openalex.org/W2055043387, https://openalex.org/W2080650222, https://openalex.org/W2799546999, https://openalex.org/W2951912016, https://openalex.org/W2131271579, https://openalex.org/W2036897871, https://openalex.org/W2401404581, https://openalex.org/W3211779138, https://openalex.org/W2056279562, https://openalex.org/W4249468678, https://openalex.org/W4224235198, https://openalex.org/W2460873539, https://openalex.org/W2105452886, https://openalex.org/W2303363190, https://openalex.org/W2062171024, https://openalex.org/W2321845829, https://openalex.org/W2016050113, https://openalex.org/W2288937711, https://openalex.org/W2298739530, https://openalex.org/W2160053861, https://openalex.org/W2510590798, https://openalex.org/W4312094501, https://openalex.org/W4401273109, https://openalex.org/W4295950640, https://openalex.org/W1591298131 |
| referenced_works_count | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.( | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index., | 141, 288 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1 | 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 41, 55, 89, 112, 160, 167, 209, 259, 300, 328 |
| abstract_inverted_index.h | 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.), | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.By | 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In | 84, 156, 268 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 320 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 146, 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 58, 66, 108, 132, 244, 262, 296, 332, 359 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 40, 63, 241 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 7, 36, 43, 69, 102, 138, 166, 180, 208, 216, 224, 247, 265, 280, 283, 290, 313, 316, 346, 355 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 198, 327, 348 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 23, 91, 186, 227, 253, 361 |
| abstract_inverted_index.we | 87, 158, 271 |
| abstract_inverted_index.16S | 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Our | 122, 306 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 213, 236 |
| abstract_inverted_index.all | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 34, 80, 94, 111, 118, 151, 200, 230, 299, 351 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.due | 252 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 47, 51, 116, 194, 238, 277, 303, 323, 342 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gap | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.how | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.key | 27, 113, 329 |
| abstract_inverted_index.new | 192, 340 |
| abstract_inverted_index.not | 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.one | 101, 289 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 5, 48, 67, 103, 109, 133, 136, 174, 206, 222, 245, 248, 263, 273, 278, 284, 291, 297, 309, 314, 344, 353 |
| abstract_inverted_index.use | 223 |
| abstract_inverted_index.was | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 61, 335 |
| abstract_inverted_index.also | 338 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ease | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.host | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lack | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mock | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.most | 104, 292 |
| abstract_inverted_index.need | 237 |
| abstract_inverted_index.open | 339 |
| abstract_inverted_index.play | 54, 258 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rRNA | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.role | 57, 261 |
| abstract_inverted_index.such | 29, 234 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 24, 85, 189, 269 |
| abstract_inverted_index.will | 337 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.work | 190, 307 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Model | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.clams | 96, 176, 282 |
| abstract_inverted_index.could | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.first | 274 |
| abstract_inverted_index.group | 331 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hosts | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.novel | 239 |
| abstract_inverted_index.often | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.opens | 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rapid | 249 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study | 336 |
| abstract_inverted_index.there | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.under | 205 |
| abstract_inverted_index.using | 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.where | 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.which | 53, 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.world | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.across | 219 |
| abstract_inverted_index.animal | 8, 333, 349 |
| abstract_inverted_index.change | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.clams, | 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.farmed | 106, 294 |
| abstract_inverted_index.genera | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.health | 350 |
| abstract_inverted_index.marine | 49, 187, 266, 362 |
| abstract_inverted_index.method | 322 |
| abstract_inverted_index.models | 46, 226, 240 |
| abstract_inverted_index.solely | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study, | 86, 270 |
| abstract_inverted_index.widely | 105, 293 |
| abstract_inverted_index.within | 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.world, | 298 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Bivalve | 256 |
| abstract_inverted_index.avenues | 193, 341 |
| abstract_inverted_index.central | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.change, | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.change. | 255 |
| abstract_inverted_index.climate | 70, 119, 254 |
| abstract_inverted_index.context | 68, 246 |
| abstract_inverted_index.crucial | 260 |
| abstract_inverted_index.current | 310 |
| abstract_inverted_index.enhance | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.extends | 308 |
| abstract_inverted_index.methods | 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.present | 88, 272 |
| abstract_inverted_index.species | 115, 285 |
| abstract_inverted_index.studied | 357 |
| abstract_inverted_index.testing | 324 |
| abstract_inverted_index.through | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ABSTRACT | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.However, | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.amplicon | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.animals, | 318 |
| abstract_inverted_index.changing | 210 |
| abstract_inverted_index.climate. | 211 |
| abstract_inverted_index.critical | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.detailed | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ecology. | 334 |
| abstract_inverted_index.generate | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.identify | 228 |
| abstract_inverted_index.impacts. | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.methods. | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mitigate | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.molluscs | 107, 257, 295 |
| abstract_inverted_index.obtained | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.offering | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.organism | 302 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pressure | 207 |
| abstract_inverted_index.protocol | 90, 125, 163, 276 |
| abstract_inverted_index.relevant | 243 |
| abstract_inverted_index.requires | 10, 221 |
| abstract_inverted_index.research | 325 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sentinel | 114, 301 |
| abstract_inverted_index.species, | 203 |
| abstract_inverted_index.specific | 231 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Ruditapes | 98, 286 |
| abstract_inverted_index.addition, | 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.bacterial | 130, 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.bivalves, | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.colonized | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.community | 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conserved | 229 |
| abstract_inverted_index.depletion | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.developed | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.different | 225 |
| abstract_inverted_index.diversity | 215 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ecosystem | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.elucidate | 352 |
| abstract_inverted_index.elysicola | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.exception | 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.extending | 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.extensive | 214 |
| abstract_inverted_index.important | 65, 202, 321 |
| abstract_inverted_index.influence | 4, 345 |
| abstract_inverted_index.insights, | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.microbial | 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.organisms | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.processes | 232 |
| abstract_inverted_index.providing | 319 |
| abstract_inverted_index.recipient | 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.research, | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.symbioses | 218 |
| abstract_inverted_index.taxonomic | 330 |
| abstract_inverted_index.technical | 311 |
| abstract_inverted_index.IMPORTANCE | 212 |
| abstract_inverted_index.advantages | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.challenges | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.detectable | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ecosystems | 220 |
| abstract_inverted_index.eliminated | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.generation | 279 |
| abstract_inverted_index.harnessing | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hypotheses | 326 |
| abstract_inverted_index.identified | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.influences | 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mechanisms | 356 |
| abstract_inverted_index.microbiome | 74, 123, 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.physiology | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pollution. | 305 |
| abstract_inverted_index.resilience | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.responses. | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sequencing | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.underlying | 233 |
| abstract_inverted_index.approaches. | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cultivation | 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ecosystems. | 267 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effectively | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.established | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.functioning | 264 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gnotobiotic | 45, 95, 184, 281, 317 |
| abstract_inverted_index.inoculation | 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mechanistic | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.microbiomes | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.vertebrates | 360 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ecologically | 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.economically | 201 |
| abstract_inverted_index.experimental | 31, 275 |
| abstract_inverted_index.functioning. | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.host-microbe | 217 |
| abstract_inverted_index.particularly | 64, 204, 242 |
| abstract_inverted_index.successfully | 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Understanding | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.environmental | 78, 117, 250, 304 |
| abstract_inverted_index.establishment | 315 |
| abstract_inverted_index.investigating | 195, 343 |
| abstract_inverted_index.manipulation. | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.modifications | 251 |
| abstract_inverted_index.philippinarum | 99, 287 |
| abstract_inverted_index.predominantly | 358 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tractability, | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.understanding | 312 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Endozoicomonas | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.invertebrates, | 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.invertebrates. | 363 |
| abstract_inverted_index.microorganisms | 347 |
| abstract_inverted_index.relationships. | 235 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gnotobiological | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.transferability | 354 |
| abstract_inverted_index.transplantation | 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reproducibility, | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.transplantation. | 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.microbiome-depleted | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.environment—especially | 50 |
| cited_by_percentile_year | |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 8 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.36677903 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |