Abstract In this paper, we introduce the metasurface (MS) designed to generate Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) within the 5.6 GHz frequency range. The basic unit comprises hexagonal patches, ensuring a full 360° phase cycle. This distinctive design enables the realization of quantized phases, enhancing the overall efficiency of the MS. Using topological optimization methods for unit organization, we show 3-bit resolutions. The OAM MS proposed in this study consists of 16 ×16-unit cells. Simulation findings demonstr…