Geomorphometric analysis of the Gandak River Basin using remote sensing and GIS Article Swipe
Sandeep Kumar
,
Prashanth Reddy Hanmaiahgari
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/s1413-415220250084
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/s1413-415220250084
The present study analyzes the geomorphometric characteristics of the Gandak River. The objective is to understand its hydrological features, the history of basin development, and the evolution of the landscape. The Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) data have been used to calculate morphometric variables, namely basin relief, drainage density, aspect, and slope, with the basin divided into 41 sub-basins. The maximum order of streams in the basin is 5. The ratio of stream length ranges from 0.14 to 12.73 across all sub-basins. However, most sub-basins have a stream length ratio of less than 3.60, whereas the entire basin’s ratio ranges from 0.71 to 2.2. The Rho coefficient varies from 1.0 to 1.50 for most of the basin, which shows higher hydrologic storage. The drainage density of the sub-basins ranges from 0.11 to 0.283 km-¹. The drainage texture of the Gandak River falls between 0.018 and 0.15. The maximum and minimum stream frequencies are 0.033/km² and 0.011/km², respectively. The form factor ranges from 0.15 to 0.75. The highest ruggedness number recorded is 1.14, while the minimum is 0.00 for the sub-basins. The analysis of soil samples from the riverbed revealed that the Gandak River consists primarily of alluvial soil, with a texture ranging from silty loam to silty clay loam. The morphometric analysis found that the basin exhibits a predominantly sub-dendritic and trellis drainage pattern, characterized by low to moderate drainage density, bifurcation ratio, drainage texture, and stream frequency, which directly influence its erodibility. Furthermore, the downstream sub-basins are found to be predominantly elongated, characterized by low relief and highly permeable subsoil.
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- https://doi.org/10.1590/s1413-415220250084
- OA Status
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Geomorphometric analysis of the Gandak River Basin using remote sensing and GISWork title
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articleOpenAlex work type
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2025Year of publication
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2025-01-01Full publication date if available
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Sandeep Kumar, Prashanth Reddy HanmaiahgariList of authors in order
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https://doi.org/10.1590/s1413-415220250084Publisher landing page
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diamondOpen access status per OpenAlex
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