Ghost images with controllable visibility and spatial resolution Article Swipe
Dongxu Zhou
,
Lu Zhang
,
Hongzhi Zhang
,
Guoquan Zhang
·
YOU?
·
· 2023
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.487960
YOU?
·
· 2023
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.487960
We designed a kind of speckle field with controllable visibility and speckle grain size through a modified Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm based on Fresnel diffraction. Ghost images with independently controllable visibility and spatial resolution were demonstrated based on the designed speckle fields, which could be of much higher visibility and spatial resolution than those with pseudothermal light. In addition, speckle fields capable of reconstructing ghost images simultaneously on multiple different planes were customized. These results could be of potential applications on optical encryption and optical tomography.
Related Topics
Concepts
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.487960
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 4
- References
- 56
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4364381802
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4364381802Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.487960Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Ghost images with controllable visibility and spatial resolutionWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2023Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2023-04-11Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Dongxu Zhou, Lu Zhang, Hongzhi Zhang, Guoquan ZhangList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.487960Publisher landing page
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.487960Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Speckle pattern, Visibility, Optics, Image resolution, Ghost imaging, Speckle noise, Spatial frequency, Fresnel diffraction, Diffraction, Ptychography, Resolution (logic), Computer science, Physics, Artificial intelligenceTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
4Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 2, 2024: 2Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
56Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4364381802 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.487960 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.487960 |
| ids.pmid | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37157325 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4364381802 |
| fwci | 0.82014389 |
| type | article |
| title | Ghost images with controllable visibility and spatial resolution |
| awards[0].id | https://openalex.org/G1019671501 |
| awards[0].funder_id | https://openalex.org/F4320327912 |
| awards[0].display_name | |
| awards[0].funder_award_id | B07013 |
| awards[0].funder_display_name | Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project |
| awards[1].id | https://openalex.org/G8953444398 |
| awards[1].funder_id | https://openalex.org/F4320321001 |
| awards[1].display_name | |
| awards[1].funder_award_id | 91750204 |
| awards[1].funder_display_name | National Natural Science Foundation of China |
| biblio.issue | 9 |
| biblio.volume | 31 |
| biblio.last_page | 14659 |
| biblio.first_page | 14659 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T11996 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Physics and Astronomy |
| topics[0].score | 1.0 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/3102 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Acoustics and Ultrasonics |
| topics[0].display_name | Random lasers and scattering media |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T11408 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[1].score | 0.9894000291824341 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2214 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Media Technology |
| topics[1].display_name | Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T10490 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Physics and Astronomy |
| topics[2].score | 0.9824000000953674 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/3107 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics |
| topics[2].display_name | Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics |
| funders[0].id | https://openalex.org/F4320321001 |
| funders[0].ror | https://ror.org/01h0zpd94 |
| funders[0].display_name | National Natural Science Foundation of China |
| funders[1].id | https://openalex.org/F4320327912 |
| funders[1].ror | |
| funders[1].display_name | Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project |
| funders[2].id | https://openalex.org/F4320335787 |
| funders[2].ror | |
| funders[2].display_name | Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 2270 |
| apc_list.currency | USD |
| apc_list.value_usd | 2270 |
| apc_paid.value | 2270 |
| apc_paid.currency | USD |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 2270 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C102290492 |
| concepts[0].level | 2 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.8854911923408508 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7575045 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Speckle pattern |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C123403432 |
| concepts[1].level | 2 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.8271171450614929 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q654068 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Visibility |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C120665830 |
| concepts[2].level | 1 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.7717604637145996 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Optics |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C205372480 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.6101336479187012 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Image resolution |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C2776646148 |
| concepts[4].level | 2 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.5648759007453918 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12367738 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Ghost imaging |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C180940675 |
| concepts[5].level | 3 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.5299768447875977 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7575045 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Speckle noise |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C100921725 |
| concepts[6].level | 2 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.5177716016769409 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1650811 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Spatial frequency |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C50282329 |
| concepts[7].level | 3 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.4763745963573456 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2286895 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Fresnel diffraction |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C207114421 |
| concepts[8].level | 2 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.46612998843193054 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133900 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Diffraction |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C78153596 |
| concepts[9].level | 3 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.4522058963775635 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7257147 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Ptychography |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C138268822 |
| concepts[10].level | 2 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.4147898256778717 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1051925 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Resolution (logic) |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C41008148 |
| concepts[11].level | 0 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.3938666880130768 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Computer science |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C121332964 |
| concepts[12].level | 0 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.27299392223358154 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Physics |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C154945302 |
| concepts[13].level | 1 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.2725740671157837 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Artificial intelligence |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/speckle-pattern |
| keywords[0].score | 0.8854911923408508 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Speckle pattern |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/visibility |
| keywords[1].score | 0.8271171450614929 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Visibility |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/optics |
| keywords[2].score | 0.7717604637145996 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Optics |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/image-resolution |
| keywords[3].score | 0.6101336479187012 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Image resolution |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/ghost-imaging |
| keywords[4].score | 0.5648759007453918 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Ghost imaging |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/speckle-noise |
| keywords[5].score | 0.5299768447875977 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Speckle noise |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-frequency |
| keywords[6].score | 0.5177716016769409 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Spatial frequency |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/fresnel-diffraction |
| keywords[7].score | 0.4763745963573456 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Fresnel diffraction |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/diffraction |
| keywords[8].score | 0.46612998843193054 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Diffraction |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/ptychography |
| keywords[9].score | 0.4522058963775635 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Ptychography |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/resolution |
| keywords[10].score | 0.4147898256778717 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Resolution (logic) |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science |
| keywords[11].score | 0.3938666880130768 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Computer science |
| keywords[12].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/physics |
| keywords[12].score | 0.27299392223358154 |
| keywords[12].display_name | Physics |
| keywords[13].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence |
| keywords[13].score | 0.2725740671157837 |
| keywords[13].display_name | Artificial intelligence |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.1364/oe.487960 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S178776955 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 1094-4087 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 1094-4087 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Optics Express |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310315679 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Optica Publishing Group |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310315679 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | Optica Publishing Group |
| locations[0].license | |
| locations[0].pdf_url | |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Optics Express |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.487960 |
| locations[1].id | pmid:37157325 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306525036 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | PubMed |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | True |
| locations[1].is_published | True |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | Optics express |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37157325 |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj, pubmed |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5101749664 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2481-9542 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Dongxu Zhou |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Dongxu Zhou |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5100388559 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5867-3943 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Lu Zhang |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Lu Zhang |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5100776518 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8336-6416 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Hongzhi Zhang |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Hongzhi Zhang |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5100686846 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6130-5316 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Guoquan Zhang |
| authorships[3].countries | CN |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210142037 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Shanxi University |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210142037 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/0522dg826 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210142037 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine |
| authorships[3].author_position | last |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Guoquan Zhang |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Shanxi University |
| has_content.pdf | False |
| has_content.grobid_xml | False |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.487960 |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Ghost images with controllable visibility and spatial resolution |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T11996 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Physics and Astronomy |
| primary_topic.score | 1.0 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/3102 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Acoustics and Ultrasonics |
| primary_topic.display_name | Random lasers and scattering media |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W1979117245, https://openalex.org/W4221098237, https://openalex.org/W2075570173, https://openalex.org/W2001927462, https://openalex.org/W2026069452, https://openalex.org/W2123778955, https://openalex.org/W2057246228, https://openalex.org/W2119144343, https://openalex.org/W2052271251, https://openalex.org/W4364381802 |
| cited_by_count | 4 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 2 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 2 |
| locations_count | 2 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.1364/oe.487960 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S178776955 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 1094-4087 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 1094-4087 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Optics Express |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310315679 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Optica Publishing Group |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310315679 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Optica Publishing Group |
| best_oa_location.license | |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Optics Express |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.487960 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.1364/oe.487960 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S178776955 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 1094-4087 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 1094-4087 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Optics Express |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310315679 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Optica Publishing Group |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310315679 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Optica Publishing Group |
| primary_location.license | |
| primary_location.pdf_url | |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Optics Express |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.487960 |
| publication_date | 2023-04-11 |
| publication_year | 2023 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W2090475034, https://openalex.org/W1996736699, https://openalex.org/W2763190499, https://openalex.org/W2000624752, https://openalex.org/W2064902785, https://openalex.org/W2301189050, https://openalex.org/W2404011284, https://openalex.org/W2784386417, https://openalex.org/W2962817839, https://openalex.org/W1970010076, https://openalex.org/W2117843337, https://openalex.org/W2081652592, https://openalex.org/W2773657128, https://openalex.org/W2077955810, https://openalex.org/W2226483589, https://openalex.org/W2951041988, https://openalex.org/W2554164377, https://openalex.org/W2531183959, https://openalex.org/W2757543442, https://openalex.org/W3163409365, https://openalex.org/W3180643321, https://openalex.org/W2084980260, https://openalex.org/W2045323503, https://openalex.org/W2025722865, https://openalex.org/W1998688147, https://openalex.org/W2233999704, https://openalex.org/W2035810769, https://openalex.org/W2196341054, https://openalex.org/W2066683696, https://openalex.org/W2076541487, https://openalex.org/W2164414224, https://openalex.org/W2021074963, https://openalex.org/W2443176237, https://openalex.org/W2916142174, https://openalex.org/W2621745761, https://openalex.org/W2011058012, https://openalex.org/W2009730820, https://openalex.org/W1994520136, https://openalex.org/W1973170224, https://openalex.org/W1994783250, https://openalex.org/W1982060745, https://openalex.org/W2004264503, https://openalex.org/W2040202084, https://openalex.org/W2906586339, https://openalex.org/W2025637590, https://openalex.org/W2085355227, https://openalex.org/W2031191822, https://openalex.org/W2020560264, https://openalex.org/W2059794332, https://openalex.org/W1988772139, https://openalex.org/W1964685561, https://openalex.org/W2505616413, https://openalex.org/W2041381475, https://openalex.org/W3103652225, https://openalex.org/W3099858875, https://openalex.org/W3100226402 |
| referenced_works_count | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 2, 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.We | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.be | 42, 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 4, 43, 60, 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 20, 35, 65, 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 10, 29, 47, 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.kind | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.much | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.size | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.than | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.were | 32, 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 7, 25, 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Ghost | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.These | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.based | 19, 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.could | 41, 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.field | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ghost | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.grain | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.those | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.which | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fields | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.higher | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.images | 24, 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.light. | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.planes | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Fresnel | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.capable | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fields, | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.optical | 79, 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.results | 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.spatial | 30, 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.speckle | 5, 11, 38, 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.through | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.designed | 1, 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.modified | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multiple | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.addition, | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.algorithm | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.different | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.potential | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.encryption | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.resolution | 31, 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.visibility | 9, 28, 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.customized. | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tomography. | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.applications | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.controllable | 8, 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.demonstrated | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.diffraction. | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.independently | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pseudothermal | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reconstructing | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.simultaneously | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Gerchberg-Saxton | 17 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 97 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 94 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 4 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.550000011920929 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Sustainable cities and communities |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.6310757 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |