Giant Duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza) Root Growth as a Simple and Sensitive Indicator of Copper and Chromium Contamination Article Swipe
Hojun Lee
,
Jonas De Saeger
,
Sunwoo Bae
,
Mirae Kim
,
Stephen Depuydt
,
Philippe M. Heynderickx
,
Di Wu
,
Taejun Han
,
Jihae Park
·
YOU?
·
· 2023
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11090788
YOU?
·
· 2023
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11090788
Aquatic environment are often contaminated with heavy metals from various industrial sources. However, physicochemical techniques for pollutant detection are limited, thus prompting the need for additional bioassays. We investigated the use of greater duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza) as a bioindicator of metal pollution. We exposed S. polyrhiza to four pollutants (namely, silver, cadmium, copper, and chromium) and assessed metal toxicity by measuring its frond area and the length of its regrown roots. The plant displayed significant differences in both frond size and root growth in response to the four metals. Silver was the most toxic (EC50 = 23 µg L−1) while copper the least (EC50 = 365–607 µg L−1). Direct comparisons of metal sensitivity and the reliability of the two endpoint assays showed that root growth was more sensitive (lower in terms of 50% effective concentration) to chromium, cadmium, and copper, and was more reliable (lower in terms of coefficient of variation) than those for frond area. Compared to conventional Lemna-based tests, the S. polyrhiza test is easier to perform (requiring only one 24-well plate, 3 mL of medium and a 72-h exposure). Moreover, it does not require livestock cultivation/maintenance, making it more suitable for repeated measurements. Measurements of S. polyrhiza root length may be suitable for assessment when copper and chromium in municipal and industrial wastewater exceed the environmentally permissible levels.
Related Topics
Concepts
Bioaccumulation
Environmental chemistry
Chromium
Cadmium
Lemna minor
Pollutant
Frond
Copper
Contamination
Wastewater
Bioconcentration
EC50
Lemna gibba
Pollution
Aquatic plant
Environmental science
Biology
Botany
Chemistry
Environmental engineering
Ecology
In vitro
Organic chemistry
Biochemistry
Macrophyte
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11090788
- https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/11/9/788/pdf?version=1695019007
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 3
- References
- 36
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4386831101
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4386831101Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11090788Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Giant Duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza) Root Growth as a Simple and Sensitive Indicator of Copper and Chromium ContaminationWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2023Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2023-09-18Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Hojun Lee, Jonas De Saeger, Sunwoo Bae, Mirae Kim, Stephen Depuydt, Philippe M. Heynderickx, Di Wu, Taejun Han, Jihae ParkList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11090788Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/11/9/788/pdf?version=1695019007Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/11/9/788/pdf?version=1695019007Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Bioaccumulation, Environmental chemistry, Chromium, Cadmium, Lemna minor, Pollutant, Frond, Copper, Contamination, Wastewater, Bioconcentration, EC50, Lemna gibba, Pollution, Aquatic plant, Environmental science, Biology, Botany, Chemistry, Environmental engineering, Ecology, In vitro, Organic chemistry, Biochemistry, MacrophyteTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
3Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 2, 2024: 1Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
36Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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| abstract_inverted_index.copper | 100, 208 |
| abstract_inverted_index.easier | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.exceed | 216 |
| abstract_inverted_index.growth | 82, 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.length | 66, 201 |
| abstract_inverted_index.making | 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.medium | 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.metals | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.plate, | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.roots. | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.showed | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tests, | 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.24-well | 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Aquatic | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.L−1). | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.copper, | 52, 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.exposed | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.greater | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.levels. | 220 |
| abstract_inverted_index.metals. | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.perform | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.regrown | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.require | 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.silver, | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.various | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(namely, | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Compared | 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.However, | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.assessed | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cadmium, | 51, 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.chromium | 210 |
| abstract_inverted_index.duckweed | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.endpoint | 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.limited, | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reliable | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.repeated | 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.response | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sources. | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.suitable | 192, 204 |
| abstract_inverted_index.toxicity | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.365–607 | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Moreover, | 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.chromium) | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.chromium, | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.detection | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.displayed | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effective | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.livestock | 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.measuring | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.municipal | 212 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pollutant | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.polyrhiza | 45, 163, 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.prompting | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sensitive | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(Spirodela | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(requiring | 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.additional | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.assessment | 206 |
| abstract_inverted_index.bioassays. | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.exposure). | 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.industrial | 10, 214 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pollutants | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pollution. | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.polyrhiza) | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.techniques | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.variation) | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.wastewater | 215 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Lemna-based | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.coefficient | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.comparisons | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.differences | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.environment | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.permissible | 219 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reliability | 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sensitivity | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.significant | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Measurements | 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.bioindicator | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.contaminated | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conventional | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.investigated | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.measurements. | 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.concentration) | 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.environmentally | 218 |
| abstract_inverted_index.physicochemical | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cultivation/maintenance, | 188 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 97 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 90 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5075689946 |
| countries_distinct_count | 2 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 9 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I32597200, https://openalex.org/I4210132857 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.8299999833106995 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Clean water and sanitation |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.71133741 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |