God's KnowledgeIn this sourcebook we are seeing many points of disagreement between Avicenna and later thinkers, especially those affiliated with Ashʿarite kalām.This chapter by contrast deals with a point of agreement, over the claim that God is "knowing" or "knowledgeable," as stated in the Qurʾān.1 Notoriously, Avicenna took an unusual stance on the manner of God's knowledge, holding that He knows things other than Himself "only in a universal way," setting off a debate we will document in the next chapter.But …